从今天起我们来看一下Android中的多线程的知识，Android入门容易，但是要完成一个完善的产品却不容易，让我们从线程开始一步步深入Android内部。
一、线程基础回顾
package com.maso.test;
public class TraditionalThread {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/*
* 线程的第一种创建方式
*/
Thread thread1 = new Thread(){
@Override
public void run() {
try {
sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
while(true){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
};
thread1.start();
/*
*线程的第二种创建方式
*/
Thread thread2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
while (true) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
});
thread2.start();
/*
* 线程的调用优先级
*/
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
while(true){
System.out.println("Runnable");
}
}
}){
public void run() {
try {
sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
while(true){
System.out.println("Thread");
}
};
}.start();
}
}
上面代码中是我们都很熟悉的线程的两种创建方式，如果对这些还感到陌生请先看Java线程基础。打开Thread类的源码可以看到Thread类有8个构造函数，我们先看看上面的两种构造函数的源码。
public Thread() {
init(null, null, "Thread-" + nextThreadNum(), 0);
}在构造的时候直接调用了init方法
private void init(ThreadGroup g, Runnable target, String name,
long stackSize) {
if (name == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("name cannot be null");
}
Thread parent = currentThread();
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (g == null) {
/* Determine if it‘s an applet or not */
/* If there is a security manager, ask the security manager
what to do. */
if (security != null) {
g = security.getThreadGroup();
}
/* If the security doesn‘t have a strong opinion of the matter
use the parent thread group. */
if (g == null) {
g = parent.getThreadGroup();
}
}
/* checkAccess regardless of whether or not threadgroup is
explicitly passed in. */
g.checkAccess();
/*
* Do we have the required permissions?
*/
if (security != null) {
if (isCCLOverridden(getClass())) {
security.checkPermission(SUBCLASS_IMPLEMENTATION_PERMISSION);
}
}
g.addUnstarted();
this.group = g;
this.daemon = parent.isDaemon();
this.priority = parent.getPriority();
this.name = name.toCharArray();
if (security == null || isCCLOverridden(parent.getClass()))
this.contextClassLoader = parent.getContextClassLoader();
else
this.contextClassLoader = parent.contextClassLoader;
this.inheritedAccessControlContext = AccessController.getContext();
this.target = target;
setPriority(priority);
if (parent.inheritableThreadLocals != null)
this.inheritableThreadLocals =
ThreadLocal.createInheritedMap(parent.inheritableThreadLocals);
/* Stash the specified stack size in case the VM cares */
this.stackSize = stackSize;
/* Set thread ID */
tid = nextThreadID();
}
里面的东西比较多，但是我们可以看到会初始化一个变量Runnable target;下面我们再来看看run方法中是个什么东东？
@Override
public void run() {
if (target != null) {
target.run();
}
}原来run方法中会先判断是否初始化了Runnable target变量，如果没有则空实现，如果target不为空则先执行Runnable接口中的run方法。有的朋友可能会猜想下面的代码会先调用Runnable接口中的run方法，然后才调用Thread实现类中的run方法。
/*
* 线程的调用优先级
*/
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
while(true){
System.out.println("Runnable");
}
}
}){
public void run() {
try {
sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
while(true){
System.out.println("Thread");
}
};
}.start();其实事实并非如此，因为上面代码中是一个匿名内部类，实际上是一种从Thread的继承和实现，所以下面的run方法覆盖了Thread中的run方法，所以Runnable中的run方法根本不会执行。下面再看看Runnable接口的源代码
public
interface Runnable {
/**
* When an object implementing interface <code>Runnable</code> is used
* to create a thread, starting the thread causes the object‘s
* <code>run</code> method to be called in that separately executing
* thread.
* <p>
* The general contract of the method <code>run</code> is that it may
* take any action whatsoever.
*
* @see java.lang.Thread#run()
*/
public abstract void run();
}
发现Runnable接口只有一个抽象的run方法。为什么要搞一个Runnable接口来实现多线程呢？从Thread继承不是更方便吗？Runnable接口有如下优势，所以我们常常会选择实现Runnable接口：
1、适合多个程序代码的线程去处理同一个资源。
public class ThreadTest1 extends Thread {
private int count = 5;
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
if (count > 0) {
System.out.println("count= " + count--);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//这样实际上是创建了三个互不影响的线程实例
ThreadTest1 t1 = new ThreadTest1();
ThreadTest1 t2 = new ThreadTest1();
ThreadTest1 t3 = new ThreadTest1();
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}
public class ThreadTest1{
public static void main(String [] args) {
MyThread my = new MyThread();
//开启了三个线程，但是操作的是同一个run方法
new Thread(my, "1号窗口").start();
new Thread(my, "2号窗口").start();
new Thread(my, "3号窗口").start();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
private int ticket = 5; //5张票
public void run() {
for (int i=0; i<=20; i++) {
if (this.ticket > 0) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ "正在卖票"+this.ticket--);
}
}
}
}
2、避免Java特性中的单根继承的限制。
3、可以保持代码和数据的分离（创建线程数和数据无关）。
4、更能体现Java面向对象的设计特点。