环境：centos 7 

1、准备开发环境

$ yum groupinstall "Development Tools"
$ yum install glibc-static libstdc++-static

2、下载源码

wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-11.2.0/gcc-11.2.0.tar.gz

3、编译

tar -zxvf gcc-11.2.0.tar.gz
cd gcc-11.2.0.tar.gz
./contrib/download_prerequisites 
mkdir build
../configure --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
make
make install

4、检查版本

gcc -v 
strings /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 | grep GLIBC