| 修改及查看mysql数据库的字符集 | |
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Liunx下修改MySQL字符集： 1.查找MySQL的cnf文件的位置 find / -iname ‘*.cnf‘ -print /usr/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf /usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf /usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /usr/share/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf /usr/share/texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf /usr/share/texmf/web2c/fmtutil.cnf /usr/share/texmf/tex/xmltex/xmltexfmtutil.cnf /usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/jadefmtutil.cnf /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-large.cnf /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-small.cnf /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-medium.cnf /usr/share/doc/MySQL-server-community-5.1.22/my-huge.cnf 2. 拷贝 small.cnf、my-medium.cnf、my-huge.cnf、my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf其中的一个到/etc下，命名为my.cnf cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf 3. 修改my.cnf vi /etc/my.cnf 在[client]下添加 default-character-set=utf8 在[mysqld]下添加 default-character-set=utf8 4.重新启动MySQL [root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart Shutting down MySQL [ 确定 ] Starting MySQL. [ 确定 ] [root@bogon ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.1.22-rc-community-log MySQL Community Edition (GPL) Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the buffer. 5.查看字符集设置 mysql> show variables like ‘collation_%‘; +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_general_ci | | collation_server | utf8_general_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.02 sec) mysql> show variables like ‘character_set_%‘; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.02 sec) mysql> 其他的一些设置方法： 修改数据库的字符集 mysql>use mydb mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8; 创建数据库指定数据库的字符集 mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8; 通过配置文件修改: 修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt default-character-set=latin1 default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci 为 default-character-set=utf8 default-collation=utf8_general_ci 重起MySQL: [root@bogon ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart 通过MySQL命令行修改: mysql> set character_set_client=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_database=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_results=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_server=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set character_set_system=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> set collation_connection=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> set collation_database=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> set collation_server=utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) 查看: mysql> show variables like ‘character_set_%‘; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.03 sec) mysql> show variables like ‘collation_%‘; +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_general_ci | | collation_server | utf8_general_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.04 sec) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 【知识性文章转载】 MYSQL 字符集问题 MySQL的字符集支持(Character Set Support)有两个方面： 字符集(Character set)和排序方式(Collation)。 对于字符集的支持细化到四个层次: 服务器(server)，数据库(database)，数据表(table)和连接(connection)。 1.MySQL默认字符集 MySQL对于字符集的指定可以细化到一个数据库，一张表，一列，应该用什么字符集。 但是，传统的程序在创建数据库和数据表时并没有使用那么复杂的配置，它们用的是默认的配置，那么，默认的配置从何而来呢？ (1)编译MySQL 时，指定了一个默认的字符集，这个字符集是 latin1； (2)安装MySQL 时，可以在配置文件 (my.ini) 中指定一个默认的的字符集，如果没指定，这个值继承自编译时指定的； (3)启动mysqld 时，可以在命令行参数中指定一个默认的的字符集，如果没指定，这个值继承自配置文件中的配置,此时 character_set_server 被设定为这个默认的字符集； (4)当创建一个新的数据库时，除非明确指定，这个数据库的字符集被缺省设定为character_set_server； (5)当选定了一个数据库时，character_set_database 被设定为这个数据库默认的字符集； (6)在这个数据库里创建一张表时，表默认的字符集被设定为 character_set_database，也就是这个数据库默认的字符集； (7)当在表内设置一栏时，除非明确指定，否则此栏缺省的字符集就是表默认的字符集； 简单的总结一下，如果什么地方都不修改，那么所有的数据库的所有表的所有栏位的都用 latin1 存储，不过我们如果安装 MySQL，一般都会选择多语言支持，也就是说，安装程序会自动在配置文件中把 default_character_set 设置为 UTF-8，这保证了缺省情况下，所有的数据库的所有表的所有栏位的都用 UTF-8 存储。 2.查看默认字符集(默认情况下，mysql的字符集是latin1(ISO_8859_1) 通常，查看系统的字符集和排序方式的设定可以通过下面的两条命令： mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘character%‘; +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | character_set_client | latin1 | | character_set_connection | latin1 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | latin1 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘collation_%‘; +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_general_ci | | collation_server | utf8_general_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+ 3.修改默认字符集 (1) 最简单的修改方法，就是修改mysql的my.ini文件中的字符集键值， 如 default-character-set = utf8 character_set_server = utf8 修改完后，重启mysql的服务，service mysql restart 使用 mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘character%‘;查看，发现数据库编码均已改成utf8 +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | D:"mysql-5.0.37"share"charsets" | +--------------------------+---------------------------------+ (2) 还有一种修改字符集的方法，就是使用mysql的命令 mysql> SET character_set_client = utf8 ; 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