CSS全屏布局的6种方式

2021-11-13 16:25:54

前面的话

　　全屏布局在实际工作中是很常用的，比如管理系统、监控平台等。本文将介绍关于全屏布局的6种思路

float

【1】float + calc

　　通过calc()函数计算出.middle元素的高度，并设置子元素高度为100%

<style>

body,p{margin: 0;}

body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}

.middle{

    overflow: hidden;

    height: calc(100% - 100px);

}

.left{

    float: left;

    width: 100px;

    margin-right: 20px;

    height: 100%;

}

.right{

    overflow: auto;

    height: 100%;

}

.right-in{

    height: 1000px;

}

.top,.bottom{height:50px;}

</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">

    <div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">

        <p>top</p>

    </div>

    <div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">

        <div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">

            <p>left</p>

        </div>

        <div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">

            <div class="right-in">

                <p>right</p>

            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

    <div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">

        <p>bottom</p>

    </div>

</div>

【2】float + absolute + (fix)

　　通过增加结构来提高兼容性，.middle元素设置100%的高度，.top和.bottom设置absolute覆盖在.middle上

<style>

body,p{margin: 0;}

body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}

.top,.bottom{

    position: absolute;

    height:50px;

    left: 0;

    right: 0;

}

.top{top: 0;}

.bottom{bottom: 0;}

.middleWrap{

    height: 100%;

    overflow: hidden;

}

.middle{

    overflow: hidden;

    height: 100%;

    margin: 50px 0;

}

.left{

    float: left;

    width: 100px;

    margin-right: 20px;

    height: 100%;

}

.right{

    overflow: auto;

    height: 100%;

}

.right-in{

    height: 1000px;

}

</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">

    <div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">

        <p>top</p>

    </div>

    <div class="middleWrap">

        <div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">

            <div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">

                <p>left</p>

            </div>

            <div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">

                <div class="right-in">

                    <p>right</p>

                </div>

            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

    <div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">

        <p>bottom</p>

    </div>

</div>

inline-block

【1】inline-block + calc

<style>

body,p{margin: 0;}

body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}

.middle{

    height: calc(100% - 100px);

    font-size: 0;

}

.left,.right{

    display: inline-block;

    vertical-align: top;

    font-size: 16px;

}

.left{

    width: 100px;

    margin-right: 20px;

    height: 100%;

}

.right{

    width: calc(100% - 120px);

    height: 100%;

    overflow: auto;

}

.right-in{

    height: 1000px;

}

.top,.bottom{height: 50px;}

</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">

    <div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">

        <p>top</p>

    </div>

    <div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">

        <div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">

            <p>left</p>

        </div>

        <div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">

            <div class="right-in">

                <p>right</p>

            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

    <div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">

        <p>bottom</p>

    </div>

</div>

【2】inline-block + absolute + (fix)

<style>

body,p{margin: 0;}

body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}

.top,.bottom{

    position: absolute;

    left: 0;

    right: 0;

    height: 50px;

}

.top{top: 0;}

.bottom{bottom: 0;}

.middleWrap{

    height: 100%;

    font-size: 0;

    overflow: hidden;

}

.middle{

    position: relative;

    height: 100%;

    margin: 50px 0;

    overflow: hidden;

}

.left,.rightWrap{

    display: inline-block;

    vertical-align: top;

    font-size: 16px;

}

.left{

    position: absolute;

    width: 100px;

    margin-right: 20px;

    height: 100%;

}

.rightWrap{

    width: 100%;

    height: 100%;

}

.right{

    height: 100%;

    margin-left: 120px;

    overflow: auto;

}

.right-in{

    height: 1000px;

}

</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">

    <div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">

        <p>top</p>

    </div>

    <div class="middleWrap">

        <div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">

            <div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">

                <p>left</p>

            </div>

            <div class="rightWrap">

                <div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">

                    <div class="right-in">

                        <p>right</p>

                    </div>

                </div>

            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

    <div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">

        <p>bottom</p>

    </div>

</div>

table

　　水平方向子元素的间距可以用border实现。所有浏览器都不支持给table-cell元素设置overflow属性。firefox和IE11浏览器不支持给table-cell元素的设置100%高度的子元素设置overflow属性

<style>

body,p{margin: 0;}

body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}

.top,.bottom{

    position: absolute;

    width: 100%;

    height: 50px;

}

.bottom{bottom: 0;}

.middleWrap{

    height: 100%;

    overflow: hidden;

}

.middle{

    width: 100%;

    height: 100%;

    display: table;

    margin: 50px 0;

    table-layout: fixed;

}

.left{

    display: table-cell;

    width: 120px;

    border-right: 20px solid lightgray;

}

.rightWrap{

    display: table-cell;

    height: 100%;

}

.right{

    height: 100%;

    overflow: auto;

}

.right-in{

    height: 1000px;

}

</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">

    <div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">

        <p>top</p>

    </div>

    <div class="middleWrap">

        <div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">

            <div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">

                <p>left</p>

            </div>

            <div class="rightWrap">

                <div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">

                    <div class="right-in">

                        <p>right</p>

                    </div>

                </div>

            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

    <div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">

        <p>bottom</p>

    </div>

</div>

absolute

<style>

body,p{margin: 0;}

body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}

.top,.middle,.bottom{

    position: absolute;

    left: 0;

    right: 0;

}

.top{

    top: 0;

    height: 50px;

}

.bottom{

    bottom: 0;

    height: 50px;

}

.middle{

    top: 50px;

    bottom: 50px;

}

.left,.right{

    position: absolute;

    top: 0;

    bottom: 0;

}

.left{

    width:100px;

}

.right{

    left: 120px;

    right: 0;

    overflow: auto;

}

.right-in{

    height: 1000px;

}

</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">

    <div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">

        <p>top</p>

    </div>

    <div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">

        <div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">

            <p>left</p>

        </div>

        <div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">

            <div class="right-in">

                <p>right</p>

            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

    <div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">

        <p>bottom</p>

    </div>

</div>

flex

　　flex常用于小范围的布局，使用全屏布局时会因为性能问题，出现卡顿现象。如果要使用全屏自适应布局，则只有flex才能达到效果

<style>

body,p{margin: 0;}

body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}

.parent{

    display: flex;

    flex-direction: column;

}

.top,.bottom{

    height: 50px;

}

.middle{

    display: flex;

    flex: 1;

}

.left{

    width: 100px;

    margin-right: 20px;

}

.right{

    flex: 1;

    overflow: auto;

}

.right-in{

    height: 1000px;

}

</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">

    <div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">

        <p>top</p>

    </div>

    <div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">

        <div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">

            <p>left</p>

        </div>

        <div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">

            <div class="right-in">

                <p>right</p>

            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

    <div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">

        <p>bottom</p>

    </div>

</div>

grid

<style>

body,p{margin: 0;}

body,html,.parent{height: 100%;}

.parent{

    display: grid;

    grid-template-rows:50px auto 50px;

}

.middle{

    overflow:hidden;

    display:grid;

    grid-template-columns: 100px 1fr;

    grid-gap:20px;

}

.right{

    overflow:auto;

}

.right-in{

    height: 1000px;

}

</style>

<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">

    <div class="top" style="background-color: lightblue;">

        <p>top</p>

    </div>

    <div class="middle" style="background-color: pink;">

        <div class="left" style="background-color: orange;">

            <p>left</p>

        </div>

        <div class="right" style="background-color: lightsalmon;">

            <div class="right-in">

                <p>right</p>

            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

    <div class="bottom" style="background-color: lightgreen;">

        <p>bottom</p>

    </div>

</div>

总结

　　全屏布局实际上就是两列或三列自适应布局的扩展形式。由于实现的是全屏效果，高度实际上是固定的，所以思路并没有等高布局局限。水平方向元素之间的间距根据实际情况使用margin、padding、border都可以实现

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