PostgreSQL基础整理(一)

1. 创建数据库:
  1)登录bin目录,createdb.exe -U postgres -e mydb;
  -U 表示本次操作的登录用户名,如果不写会取windows登录的账户,如Administrator;会提示无创建权限;

2. 登录数据库:
  1)用postgre自带的sql shell,登录时选择数据库为创建库

3. CRUD
  书写习惯:SQL语句大写,其他小写
  3.1)创建表:
    CREATE TABLE users( username char(20) PRIMARY KEY, password char(20));
  3.2) 插入数据:
    INSERT INTO users(username, password) VALUES('fredric','fredric'),('sinny','sinny');
  3.4) 查询数据:
    SELECT * FROM users;

    SELECT * FROM users WHERE username LIKE ’fred%‘;//模糊查找
  3.5) 删除数据:

    DELETE FROM users WHERE username = "fredric";

  3.6) 更新数据:

    UPDATE emps SET salary = 8000.0 WHERE userid = 10;

4. JOIN
  准备:
  CREATE TABLE clubs(clubname char(20) PRIMARY KEY, note text);
  CREATE TABLE customers( username char(20) PRIMARY KEY, clubname char(20),FOREIGN KEY(clubname) REFERENCES clubs(clubname));

  INSERT INTO clubs(clubname, note) VALUES('myclub','good clubs');
  INSERT INTO clubs(clubname, note) VALUES('myclub1','good clubs');
  INSERT INTO customers(username, clubname) VALUES('fredric', 'myclub');

  4.1) INNER JOIN
    SELECT * FROM clubs INNER JOIN customers ON clubs.clubname = customers.clubname;
    返回数据 myclub
  4.2) OUTTER JOIN(例如 LEFT JOIN)
    SELECT * FROM clubs LEFT JOIN customers ON clubs.clubname = customers.clubname;
  返回数据 myclub 和 myclub1

5. 索引
  5.1) 创建索引
    CREATE INDEX clubs_index ON clubs USING hash(clubname);
    CREATE INDEX clubs_index ON clubs USING btree(clubname);//B树类型的索引支持多字段
    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX clubs_index ON clubs;//唯一索引,postgre默认在主键上生成唯一索引
  5.2) 删除索引
    DROP INDEX clubs_index;

6. 聚合函数
  6.1) COUNT
    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM clubs;
  6.2) MIN/MAX
    SELECT MIN(clubname) FROM clubs; //输出myclub
    SELECT MAX(clubname) FROM clubs; //输出myclub1

7. GROUP BY
  SELECT * FROM clubs GROUP By(clubname);
  SELECT COUNT(*) FROM clubs GROUP By(note);//1,2
  SELECT COUNT(*) FROM clubs GROUP By(note) HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;//2
  备注:SQL执行顺序 FROM -> WHERE -> 聚合函数-> GROUP BY -> HAVING -> ORDER BY -> SELECT;

8. 事务
  BEGIN TRANSACTION;
  DELETE FROM customers WHERE clubname = 'myclub';
  DELETE FROM clubs WHERE clubname = 'myclub';
  COMMIT; //执行删除
  ROLLBACK; //回滚操作

  SAVEPOINT;为保存点,回滚的位置
  例如:
    SAVEPOINT mypoint;
    ROLLBACK TO mypoint;

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