代码：
def forward(self, x):
'''
根据式1-式6进行前向计算
'''
self.times += 1
# 遗忘门
fg = self.calc_gate(x, self.Wfx, self.Wfh,
self.bf, self.gate_activator)
self.f_list.append(fg)
# 输入门
ig = self.calc_gate(x, self.Wix, self.Wih,
self.bi, self.gate_activator)
self.i_list.append(ig)
# 输出门
og = self.calc_gate(x, self.Wox, self.Woh,
self.bo, self.gate_activator)
self.o_list.append(og)
# 即时状态
ct = self.calc_gate(x, self.Wcx, self.Wch,
self.bc, self.output_activator)
self.ct_list.append(ct)
# 单元状态
c = fg * self.c_list[self.times - 1] + ig * ct
self.c_list.append(c)
# 输出
h = og * self.output_activator.forward(c)
self.h_list.append(h)
def calc_gate(self, x, Wx, Wh, b, activator):
'''
计算门
'''
h = self.h_list[self.times - 1] # 上次的LSTM输出
net = np.dot(Wh, h) + np.dot(Wx, x) + b
gate = activator.forward(net)
return gate
def calc_delta_k(self, k):
'''
根据k时刻的delta_h，计算k时刻的delta_f、
delta_i、delta_o、delta_ct，以及k-1时刻的delta_h
'''
# 获得k时刻前向计算的值
ig = self.i_list[k]
og = self.o_list[k]
fg = self.f_list[k]
ct = self.ct_list[k]
c = self.c_list[k]
c_prev = self.c_list[k - 1]
tanh_c = self.output_activator.forward(c)
delta_k = self.delta_h_list[k]
# 根据式9计算delta_o
delta_o = (delta_k * tanh_c *
self.gate_activator.backward(og))
delta_f = (delta_k * og *
(1 - tanh_c * tanh_c) * c_prev *
self.gate_activator.backward(fg))
delta_i = (delta_k * og *
(1 - tanh_c * tanh_c) * ct *
self.gate_activator.backward(ig))
delta_ct = (delta_k * og *
(1 - tanh_c * tanh_c) * ig *
self.output_activator.backward(ct))
delta_h_prev = (
np.dot(delta_o.transpose(), self.Woh) +
np.dot(delta_i.transpose(), self.Wih) +
np.dot(delta_f.transpose(), self.Wfh) +
np.dot(delta_ct.transpose(), self.Wch)
).transpose()
# 保存全部delta值
self.delta_h_list[k - 1] = delta_h_prev
self.delta_f_list[k] = delta_f
self.delta_i_list[k] = delta_i
self.delta_o_list[k] = delta_o
self.delta_ct_list[k] = delta_ct
def calc_gradient_t(self, t):
'''
计算每个时刻t权重的梯度
'''
h_prev = self.h_list[t - 1].transpose()
Wfh_grad = np.dot(self.delta_f_list[t], h_prev)
bf_grad = self.delta_f_list[t]
Wih_grad = np.dot(self.delta_i_list[t], h_prev)
bi_grad = self.delta_f_list[t]
Woh_grad = np.dot(self.delta_o_list[t], h_prev)
bo_grad = self.delta_f_list[t]
Wch_grad = np.dot(self.delta_ct_list[t], h_prev)
bc_grad = self.delta_ct_list[t]
return Wfh_grad, bf_grad, Wih_grad, bi_grad, \
Woh_grad, bo_grad, Wch_grad, bc_grad
def calc_gradient(self, x):
# 初始化遗忘门权重梯度矩阵和偏置项
self.Wfh_grad, self.Wfx_grad, self.bf_grad = (
self.init_weight_gradient_mat())
# 初始化输入门权重梯度矩阵和偏置项
self.Wih_grad, self.Wix_grad, self.bi_grad = (
self.init_weight_gradient_mat())
# 初始化输出门权重梯度矩阵和偏置项
self.Woh_grad, self.Wox_grad, self.bo_grad = (
self.init_weight_gradient_mat())
# 初始化单元状态权重梯度矩阵和偏置项
self.Wch_grad, self.Wcx_grad, self.bc_grad = (
self.init_weight_gradient_mat())
# 计算对上一次输出h的权重梯度
for t in range(self.times, 0, -1):
# 计算各个时刻的梯度
(Wfh_grad, bf_grad,
Wih_grad, bi_grad,
Woh_grad, bo_grad,
Wch_grad, bc_grad) = (
self.calc_gradient_t(t))
# 实际梯度是各时刻梯度之和
self.Wfh_grad += Wfh_grad
self.bf_grad += bf_grad
self.Wih_grad += Wih_grad
self.bi_grad += bi_grad
self.Woh_grad += Woh_grad
self.bo_grad += bo_grad
self.Wch_grad += Wch_grad
self.bc_grad += bc_grad
# 计算对本次输入x的权重梯度
xt = x.transpose()
self.Wfx_grad = np.dot(self.delta_f_list[-1], xt)
self.Wix_grad = np.dot(self.delta_i_list[-1], xt)
self.Wox_grad = np.dot(self.delta_o_list[-1], xt)
self.Wcx_grad = np.dot(self.delta_ct_list[-1], xt)
参考：