一、环境规划
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操作系统:CentOS6.5 x86_64
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内核版本:2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64
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Nginx版本:nginx-1.8.0-1.el6.ngx.x86_64
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Keepalived版本:keepalived-1.2.19
前端双Nginx+Keepalived,Nginx反向代理到后端tomcat集群实现负载均衡,Keepalived实现集群高可用,主nginx故障后虚拟IP自动漂移到备nginx。
主nginx:192.168.60.48
备nginx:192.168.60.49
虚拟IP:192.168.60.50
后端tomcat集群:192.168.60.51、192.168.60.52、192.168.60.53
后端每个主机都开启两个端口提供业务:16915、16916
二、安装
前端两台主机分别安装nginx和keepalived。
1)编译安装keepalived
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# 安装依赖 yum install kernel-* gcc make openssl-*
# 下载keepalived-1.2.19.tar.gz wget http: //www .keepalived.org /software/keepalived-1 .2.19. tar .gz
# 解压 tar xvzf keepalived-1.2.19. tar .gz
cd keepalived-1.2.19
# 配置 . /configure --sysconfdir= /etc --with-kernel- dir = /usr/src/kernels/2 .6.32-504.el6.x86_64
# 编译并安装 make && make install
# 查看keepalived版本,验证安装成功 keepalived - v
# 设置开机自启动 chkconfig keepalived on |
注:用yum也可安装keepalived,不过版本要低一些。
2)RPM包安装Nginx
官方nginx yum源:
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[nginx] name=nginx repo baseurl=http: //nginx .org /packages/centos/ $releasever/$basearch/
enabled=1 gpgcheck=0 |
yum源设置好后直接安装即可:
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yum install nginx
chkconfig nginx on |
三、配置
1)前端两台主机nginx的配置完全一样
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# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/upstream.conf upstream tomcatclu_16915 { server 192.168.60.51:16915;
server 192.168.60.52:16915;
server 192.168.60.53:16915;
ip_hash;
} upstream tomcatclu_16916 { server 192.168.60.51:16916;
server 192.168.60.52:16916;
server 192.168.60.53:16916;
ip_hash;
} # vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/server.conf server { listen 16915;
server_name _;
location / {
proxy_pass http: //tomcatclu_16915 ;
}
location /nginx_status {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
allow 127.0.0.1;
# 要允许公司ip访问nginx status
allow 192.168.252.0 /24 ;
deny all;
}
} server { listen 16916;
server_name _;
location / {
proxy_pass http: //tomcatclu_16916 ;
}
location /nginx_status {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
allow 127.0.0.1;
# 要允许公司ip访问nginx status
allow 192.168.252.0 /24 ;
deny all;
}
} |
2)nginx_master的keepalived配置
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[root@nginx_master ~] # vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs { router_id nginx-ha1
} vrrp_script check_nginx { # 检查nginx状态的脚本,文章后面给出
script "/data/script/check_nginx.sh"
# 执行间隔2秒
interval 2
} vrrp_instance VI_1 { # 两台主机都是BACKUP
state BACKUP
interface eth0
# 同一keepalived集群的virtual_router_id 必须相同,默认51
virtual_router_id 55
# 主的优先级高
priority 100
advert_int 1
# 不抢占:如果集群里已存在MASTER状态的主机,即使优先级高于MASTER也不抢占为MASTER。只在优先级高的主机上设置即可。
nopreempt
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
# 虚拟IP
192.168.60.50
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
} |
3)nginx_slave的keepalived配置
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[root@nginx_slave ~] # vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs { router_id nginx-ha2
} vrrp_script check_nginx { script "/data/script/check_nginx.sh"
interval 2
} vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 55
# 备的优先级低
priority 80
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.60.50
}
track_script {
check_nginx
}
} |
4)防火墙设置
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# iptables放行组播地址流量: iptables -I INPUT -d 224.0.0.18 -j ACCEPT service iptables save |
VRRP报文是通过IP多播形式发送的,组播地址224.0.0.18是VRRP报文的目的地址。
本实验里,两个主机都是BACKUP,如果同时启动keepalived,VRRP协议通过竞选使优先级高的主机做为MASTER。如果防火墙没有允许VRRP报文通过的话,两个BACKUP都会成为MASTER,你会发现两个主机都启动了虚拟IP。
5)部署nginx状态检查脚本check_nginx.sh
/data/script/check_nginx.sh检查脚本内容如下:
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#!/bin/bash # check nginx server status # http://qicheng0211.blog.51cto.com # nginx端口 PORTS= "16915 16916"
function check_ports {
for port in $PORTS; do
nc -z 127.0.0.1 $port | grep -q succeeded
[ "${PIPESTATUS[1]}" - eq 0 ] && mark=${mark}1
done
# 如果mark值为空说明两个端口都不通。
# 如果mark等于1,说明有一个端口是通的。
# 如果mark等于11,说明两个端口都是通的。
echo $mark
} ret1=$(check_ports) # 如果nginx端口不通,会尝试重启一次nginx if [ "$ret1" != 11 ]; then
/sbin/service nginx stop
/sbin/service nginx start
sleep 1
ret2=$(check_ports)
# 如果还是有端口不通,表示nginx服务不正常,则停掉keepalived,使VIP发生切换
[ "$ret2" != 11 ] && /etc/init .d /keepalived stop
fi |
大家根据自个的环境编写nginx状态检查脚本,不一定要照搬。
给脚本设置可执行权限:
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chmod +x /data/script/check_nginx .sh
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补充一点:如果nginx恢复正常后,keepalived不能自动启动,需要编写一个脚本完成这项工作:判断nginx正常后,拉起keepalived。脚本放到cron里每分钟执行。
6)开启keepalived的日志
编辑/etc/sysconfig/keepalived:
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KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS= "-D -d -S 0"
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编辑/etc/rsyslog.conf:
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# 配置文件最后面加上下面一行 local0.* /var/log/keepalived .log
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重启rsyslog:
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service rsyslog restart |
按上面配置后,keepalived会把日志记录到/var/log/keepalived.log。
7)启动服务
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# 先检查nginx配置文件正确性 nginx -t # 启动nginx服务 service nginx start # 同时启动keepalived服务 service keepalived start # 过一会查看虚拟IP是否在nginx_master主机上 ip a |
四、验证
nginx_master和nginx_slave同时启动keepalived,观察日志/var/log/keepalived.log,你会发现nginx_master抢占为MASTER,绑定了虚拟IP192.168.60.50。
nginx_master:
nginx_slave:
我们在同网段的其他机器上去arping一下虚拟IP的MAC,发现是nginx_master eth0的mac:
下面我们把nginx_master的keepalived服务停掉或者重启系统,同时不断的ping虚拟IP。经过一个请求超时的间隔,虚拟IP会漂移到nginx_slave上面:
nginx_slave:
我们再去arping一下虚拟IP的MAC,发现变成了nginx_slave eth0的mac:
查看nginx_slave的日志keepalived.log,nginx_slave在成为MASTER的同时发送了免费ARP(gratuitous ARP),更新了以太网邻居的ARP快速缓存:
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VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs. VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.60.50 |
最后把nginx_master的keepalived服务开启,虚拟IP并没有漂移回到nginx_master,这是因为nginx_master开启了不抢占模式,即使优先级高,也不会抢占MASTER。