1：Nginx的相关概念知识：

　　1.1：反向代理：

　　　　反向代理（Reverse Proxy）方式是指以代理服务器来接受internet上的连接请求，然后将请求转发给内部网络上的服务器，并将从服务器上得到的结果返回给internet上请求连接的客户端，此时代理服务器对外就表现为一个服务器。

　　1.2：负载均衡：

　　　　负载均衡，英文名称为Load Balance，是指建立在现有网络结构之上，并提供了一种廉价有效透明的方法扩展网络设备和服务器的带宽、增加吞吐量、加强网络数据处理能力、提高网络的灵活性和可用性。其原理就是数据流量分摊到多个服务器上执行，减轻每台服务器的压力，多台服务器共同完成工作任务，从而提高了数据的吞吐量。

2：Nginx的安装操作：

　Nginx的官网：http://nginx.org/

 　　2.1：将下载好的Nginx上传到虚拟机上面，然后进行解压缩操作，上传过程省略，请自行脑补：

[root@master package]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz -C /home/hadoop/

　　2.2：编译Ngnix源码目录：

　　　　进入Ngnix源码目录：[root@master hadoop]# cd /home/hadoop/nginx-1.8.1/

　　　　检查安装环境，并指定将来要安装的路径：

#缺包报错 

checking for OS
 + Linux 2.6.32-696.10.1.el6.i686 i686
checking for C compiler ... found
 + using GNU C compiler
 + gcc version: 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18) (GCC)
checking for gcc -pipe switch ... found
checking for gcc builtin atomic operations ... found
checking for C99 variadic macros ... found
checking for gcc variadic macros ... found
checking for unistd.h ... found
checking for inttypes.h ... found
checking for limits.h ... found
checking for sys/filio.h ... not found
checking for sys/param.h ... found
checking for sys/mount.h ... found
checking for sys/statvfs.h ... found
checking for crypt.h ... found
checking for Linux specific features
checking for epoll ... found
checking for EPOLLRDHUP ... found
checking for O_PATH ... not found
checking for sendfile() ... found
checking for sendfile64() ... found
checking for sys/prctl.h ... found
checking for prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE) ... found
checking for sched_setaffinity() ... found
checking for crypt_r() ... found
checking for sys/vfs.h ... found
checking for nobody group ... found
checking for poll() ... found
checking for /dev/poll ... not found
checking for kqueue ... not found
checking for crypt() ... not found
checking for crypt() in libcrypt ... found
checking for F_READAHEAD ... not found
checking for posix_fadvise() ... found
checking for O_DIRECT ... found
checking for F_NOCACHE ... not found
checking for directio() ... not found
checking for statfs() ... found
checking for statvfs() ... found
checking for dlopen() ... not found
checking for dlopen() in libdl ... found
checking for sched_yield() ... found
checking for SO_SETFIB ... not found
checking for SO_ACCEPTFILTER ... not found
checking for TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT ... found
checking for TCP_KEEPIDLE ... found
checking for TCP_FASTOPEN ... not found
checking for TCP_INFO ... found
checking for accept4() ... found
checking for eventfd() ... found
checking for int size ... 4 bytes
checking for long size ... 4 bytes
checking for long long size ... 8 bytes
checking for void * size ... 4 bytes
checking for uint64_t ... found
checking for sig_atomic_t ... found
checking for sig_atomic_t size ... 4 bytes
checking for socklen_t ... found
checking for in_addr_t ... found
checking for in_port_t ... found
checking for rlim_t ... found
checking for uintptr_t ... uintptr_t found
checking for system byte ordering ... little endian
checking for size_t size ... 4 bytes
checking for off_t size ... 8 bytes
checking for time_t size ... 4 bytes
checking for setproctitle() ... not found
checking for pread() ... found
checking for pwrite() ... found
checking for sys_nerr ... found
checking for localtime_r() ... found
checking for posix_memalign() ... found
checking for memalign() ... found
checking for mmap(MAP_ANON|MAP_SHARED) ... found
checking for mmap("/dev/zero", MAP_SHARED) ... found
checking for System V shared memory ... found
checking for POSIX semaphores ... not found
checking for POSIX semaphores in libpthread ... found
checking for struct msghdr.msg_control ... found
checking for ioctl(FIONBIO) ... found
checking for struct tm.tm_gmtoff ... found
checking for struct dirent.d_namlen ... not found
checking for struct dirent.d_type ... found
checking for sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN) ... found
checking for openat(), fstatat() ... found
checking for getaddrinfo() ... found
checking for PCRE library ... not found
checking for PCRE library in /usr/local/ ... not found
checking for PCRE library in /usr/include/pcre/ ... not found
checking for PCRE library in /usr/pkg/ ... not found
checking for PCRE library in /opt/local/ ... not found

./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_rewrite_module
option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-pcre=<path> option.

 　　　　然后安装一下缺少的包：

[root@master nginx-1.8.1]# yum -y install gcc pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel

　　　　解决完错误以后再次执行，检查安装环境,并指定将来要安装的路径：

　　　　[root@master nginx-1.8.1]# ./configure --prefix=/home/hadoop/nginx

[root@master nginx-1.8.1]# ./configure --prefix=/home/hadoop/nginx
checking for OS
 + Linux 2.6.32-696.10.1.el6.i686 i686
checking for C compiler ... found
 + using GNU C compiler
 + gcc version: 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18) (GCC)
checking for gcc -pipe switch ... found
checking for gcc builtin atomic operations ... found
checking for C99 variadic macros ... found
checking for gcc variadic macros ... found
checking for unistd.h ... found
checking for inttypes.h ... found
checking for limits.h ... found
checking for sys/filio.h ... not found
checking for sys/param.h ... found
checking for sys/mount.h ... found
checking for sys/statvfs.h ... found
checking for crypt.h ... found
checking for Linux specific features
checking for epoll ... found
checking for EPOLLRDHUP ... found
checking for O_PATH ... not found
checking for sendfile() ... found
checking for sendfile64() ... found
checking for sys/prctl.h ... found
checking for prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE) ... found
checking for sched_setaffinity() ... found
checking for crypt_r() ... found
checking for sys/vfs.h ... found
checking for nobody group ... found
checking for poll() ... found
checking for /dev/poll ... not found
checking for kqueue ... not found
checking for crypt() ... not found
checking for crypt() in libcrypt ... found
checking for F_READAHEAD ... not found
checking for posix_fadvise() ... found
checking for O_DIRECT ... found
checking for F_NOCACHE ... not found
checking for directio() ... not found
checking for statfs() ... found
checking for statvfs() ... found
checking for dlopen() ... not found
checking for dlopen() in libdl ... found
checking for sched_yield() ... found
checking for SO_SETFIB ... not found
checking for SO_ACCEPTFILTER ... not found
checking for TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT ... found
checking for TCP_KEEPIDLE ... found
checking for TCP_FASTOPEN ... not found
checking for TCP_INFO ... found
checking for accept4() ... found
checking for eventfd() ... found
checking for int size ... 4 bytes
checking for long size ... 4 bytes
checking for long long size ... 8 bytes
checking for void * size ... 4 bytes
checking for uint64_t ... found
checking for sig_atomic_t ... found
checking for sig_atomic_t size ... 4 bytes
checking for socklen_t ... found
checking for in_addr_t ... found
checking for in_port_t ... found
checking for rlim_t ... found
checking for uintptr_t ... uintptr_t found
checking for system byte ordering ... little endian
checking for size_t size ... 4 bytes
checking for off_t size ... 8 bytes
checking for time_t size ... 4 bytes
checking for setproctitle() ... not found
checking for pread() ... found
checking for pwrite() ... found
checking for sys_nerr ... found
checking for localtime_r() ... found
checking for posix_memalign() ... found
checking for memalign() ... found
checking for mmap(MAP_ANON|MAP_SHARED) ... found
checking for mmap("/dev/zero", MAP_SHARED) ... found
checking for System V shared memory ... found
checking for POSIX semaphores ... not found
checking for POSIX semaphores in libpthread ... found
checking for struct msghdr.msg_control ... found
checking for ioctl(FIONBIO) ... found
checking for struct tm.tm_gmtoff ... found
checking for struct dirent.d_namlen ... not found
checking for struct dirent.d_type ... found
checking for sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN) ... found
checking for openat(), fstatat() ... found
checking for getaddrinfo() ... found
checking for PCRE library ... found
checking for PCRE JIT support ... not found
checking for md5 in system md library ... not found
checking for md5 in system md5 library ... not found
checking for md5 in system OpenSSL crypto library ... found
checking for sha1 in system md library ... not found
checking for sha1 in system OpenSSL crypto library ... found
checking for zlib library ... found
creating objs/Makefile

Configuration summary
  + using system PCRE library
  + OpenSSL library is not used
  + md5: using system crypto library
  + sha1: using system crypto library
  + using system zlib library

  nginx path prefix: "/home/hadoop/nginx"
  nginx binary file: "/home/hadoop/nginx/sbin/nginx"
  nginx configuration prefix: "/home/hadoop/nginx/conf"
  nginx configuration file: "/home/hadoop/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
  nginx pid file: "/home/hadoop/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
  nginx error log file: "/home/hadoop/nginx/logs/error.log"
  nginx http access log file: "/home/hadoop/nginx/logs/access.log"
  nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
  nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
  nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
  nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
  nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"

 　　2.3：编译安装（make是编译，make install是安装）：

 [root@master hadoop]# make && make install安装不是一帆风顺的，开始将make && make install写成了make && made install，肯定没有安装成功了，然后我再执行make && make install就出现下面的情况了，然后我重新./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx检查安装环境,并指定将来要安装的路径，最后再make && made install，貌似正常编译，安装了，虽然我也不是很清楚，这里贴一下吧先，安装好以后可以测试是否正常：

[root@master hadoop]# make && make install
make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found.  Stop.
[root@master hadoop]# make install
make: *** No rule to make target `install'.  Stop.
[root@master hadoop]# make && make install
make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found.  Stop.
[root@master hadoop]# ./configure --prefix=/home/hadoop/nginx
bash: ./configure: No such file or directory
[root@master hadoop]# cd /home/hadoop/nginx-1.8.1/
[root@master nginx-1.8.1]# ls
auto  CHANGES  CHANGES.ru  conf  configure  contrib  html  LICENSE  Makefile  man  objs  README  src
[root@master nginx-1.8.1]# ./configure --prefix=/home/hadoop/nginx

 　　2.4：安装好以后测试是否正常：

　　　　安装好以后指定的目录会生成一些文件，如我的/home/hadoop/nginx目录下面：

　　　　启动Nginx的命令：[root@master sbin]# ./nginx

　　查看端口是否有ngnix进程监听：[root@master sbin]# netstat -ntlp | grep 80

3：配置Nginx：

 　　3.1：配置反向代理：

修改Nginx配置文件：

[root@master conf]# cd /home/hadoop/nginx/conf/

[root@master conf]# vim nginx.conf

  server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  master; #nginx所在服务器的主机名称

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
        #反向代理的配置
        location / { #拦截所有请求
            root   html;
            #index  index.html index.htm;
            #这里是代理走向的目标服务器:tomcat
            proxy_pass http://192.168.199.130:8080;
        }

 具体配置如下所示：

下面贴图这句话后面proxy_pass http://192.168.199.130:8080;

少了一个分号导致后面启动nginx的时候出现错误：

自己都操点心就可以了：

[root@master sbin]# ./nginx
nginx: [emerg] unexpected "}" in /home/hadoop/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:48

 4：安装Tomcat，将下载好的tomcat安装包上传到虚拟机，过程省略，然后解压缩操作：

[root@slaver1 package]# tar -zxvf apache-tomcat-7.0.68.tar.gz -C /home/hadoop/

解压缩好以后启动Tomcat：

然后没启动起来，貌似说我的jdk没有配置啥的，现在配置一下，配置过程省略，大概如上传压缩包，解压缩，然后配置环境变量：

vim /etc/profile配置好以后使其立即生效：source /etc/profile，最后检查一下是否安装成功：java/javac/java -version

然后启动tomcat，如下所示：

启动好，可以检查一下是否启动成功：

浏览器输入自己的http://192.168.199.131:8080/

如果无法访问，可能是防火墙的原因：service iptables stop关闭防火墙；service iptables status查看防火墙是否关闭成功；

5：现在体现Nginx的功能了，我在master节点安装的Nginx，然后在slaver1节点安装的tomcat：

然后访问master节点，会跳转到slaver1的tomcat页面：

http://192.168.199.130/自己的master节点的名称；

6：Nginx的动静分离：

动态资源 index.jsp

location ~ .*\.(jsp|do|action)$ {

    proxy_pass http://ip地址:8080;

}

 

静态资源:

 

location ~ .*\.(html|js|css|gif|jpg|jpeg|png)$ {

 

    expires 3d;

 

}

负载均衡：

在http这个节下面配置一个叫upstream的，后面的名字可以随意取，但是要和location下的proxy_pass http://后的保持一致。

http {

    是在http里面的, 已有http, 不是在server里,在server外面

    upstream tomcats {

        server 192.168.199.130:8080 weight=1;#weight表示多少个

        server 192.168.199.131:8080 weight=1;

        server 192.168.199.132:8080 weight=1;

}

#卸载server里

#~代表是大小写敏感，.代表是任何非回车字符，*代表多个。

location ~ .*\.(jsp|do|action) {

    proxy_pass http://tomcats;        #tomcats是后面的tomcat服务器组的逻辑组号

}

}

待续......