游戏过程解读
计算机从一个文本中随机抽取一个单词，字符串表示，并显示出字符串长度用户一个字符一个字符去猜，手动输入猜测结果，总共有6次猜测次数，每次猜测完之后，计算机告知玩家已经猜测的结果和剩余可以猜测的字母范围玩家猜测过程是有一定的规则的：
不能猜测已经猜测过的字符，每重复猜测一次，计算机发出警告一次，总共有3次警告机会；不能猜测除了大小写字母之外的字符，如‘#’ 等一些特殊字符，每猜测一次，警告次数减 1；当警告次数没有了，玩家如果继续犯规（猜测重复，或者猜测除大小写字母之外的字符）则猜测次数减去 1；玩家猜测的字母不在目标串 secret_letters中，如果猜测的字母是元音字母，则猜测次数减 2 作为惩罚，如果是辅音字母，则猜测次数减 1这样猜对于玩家来说实在太有难度了，是否可以实现一个游戏的改进版本，每当玩家输入星号 * 时，计算机自动输出文本中所有与当前玩家已猜测结果相符合的单词呢？这样就可以大大缩小玩家的猜测范围了，降低游戏难度。
模块化编程思想
怎么实现这个游戏呢？ 我们首先要实现一些功能，这些功能如下：
计算机如何获取文本 如何从文本中随机获取单词 判断玩家猜测字符是否正确 获取玩家已猜对字母 获取剩余可猜测字母范围 计算机玩家交互过程 相关函数的代码就不分别给出了，下面直接给出整个项目的代码
游戏代码
Hangman Game
import random
import string
WORDLIST_FILENAME = “words.txt”
def load_words():#读取文件
print("Loading word list from file...")
# inFile: file
inFile = open(WORDLIST_FILENAME, 'r')
# line: string
line = inFile.readline()
# wordlist: list of strings
wordlist = line.split() #空格分开的单词
print(" ", len(wordlist), "words loaded.")
return wordlist #返回的是一个列表
wordlist=load_words()
def choose_word(wordlist):
return random.choice(wordlist) #随机获取一个单词
#判断玩家猜测是否正确
def is_word_guessed(secret_word, letters_guessed):
list_secret=list(secret_word) #只要目标中出现一个字母不在玩家猜测结果中，返回False,都在的话，返回True for i in list_secret: if i not in letters_guessed: return False return True
#获取玩家已猜对字母
def get_guessed_word(secret_word, letters_guessed):
length=len(secret_word) list_secret=['_ ']*length #列表元素先全部初始化为'_' for i in letters_guessed: for j in range(length): if i==secret_word[j]: #用猜对的字母替换掉对应位置的'_' list_secret[j]=secret_word[j] string="".join(map(lambda x:str(x),list_secret)) #列表转字符串 return string
#获取剩余可猜测字母范围
def get_available_letters(letters_guessed):
#初始化可猜字母为全部小写字母 letters_all="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" for i in letters_all: if i in letters_guessed: #如果玩家已经猜过 i 则将其替换为'_ ' letters_all=letters_all.replace(i,'') return letters_all
def hangman(secret_word):
list_unique=[] #用于secret_word去重
for i in secret_word:
if i not in list_unique:
list_unique.append(i)
unique_numbers=len(list_unique) #目标单词中不同字符的数量，用于计算玩家分数
vowels="aeiou" #元音字母
print("Welcome to the game hangman!")
length=len(secret_word) #目标单词长度
print("I'm thinking of a word that is {} letters long!".format(length))
times_left=6 #玩家剩余猜测次数
warning_left=3 #玩家剩余警告次数
print("You have {} warnings left.".format(warning_left))
print("------------- ")
list_guessed=[]
while times_left>0: #玩家猜测次数没用完
print("You have {} guesses left.".format(times_left))
print("Available letters:",get_available_letters(list_guessed))
char=input("Please guess a letter:")
x=str.lower(char)
if x in list_guessed:#玩家已经猜过这个字母
if warning_left>0: #警告次数没用完
warning_left-=1
print("Oops! You've already guessed that letter.You have {} warnings left:".format(warning_left),get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
else: #警告次数为0了 减少猜测次数
times_left-=1
print("Oops! You've already guessed that letter.You have no warnings left,so you lose one guess:",get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
else: #玩家尚未猜测过这个字母
list_guessed.append(x) #先存储玩家猜测结果
if not str.isalpha(x): #玩家输入不是是字母
if warning_left>0:
warning_left-=1
print("Oops!That is not a valid letter.You have {} warnings left:".format(warning_left),get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
else:
times_left-=1
print(" Oops! That is not a valid letter. You have no warnings left,so you lose one guess:",get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
#玩家输入是字母时
elif x in secret_word:#玩家猜测字母在目标中
print("Good guess:",get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
# 玩家猜出全部字母
if secret_word==get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed):
print("------------- ")
print("Congratulations, you won!")
total_score=times_left*unique_numbers
print("Your total score for this game is:",total_score)
return
else: #玩家猜测字母不在目标中
print("Oops! That letter is not in my word.",get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
if x in vowels: #没有猜中，且是元音字母
times_left-=2
else:
times_left-=1
print("------------- ")
print("Sorry, you ran out of guesses.The word was {}".format(secret_word)) #玩家失败，游戏结束
return
"""
def del_space(string): #将字符串去除空格后转化成列表
lst=[] for i in string: if i!=' ': lst.append(i) return lst
#检验两个单词是否按规则匹配
def match_with_gaps(my_word, other_word):
#先将字符串转换成列表，方便操作 list_my_word=del_space(my_word) list_other_word=list(other_word) if len(list_my_word)!=len(list_other_word): #长度不一致 return False else: length=len(list_my_word) for i in range(length): #对应位置均是字母且不相等 if list_my_word[i]!='_' and list_my_word[i]!=list_other_word[i]: return False #list_my_word[i]=='_'时 for i in range(length): j=i+1 for j in range(length): if list_other_word[i]==list_other_word[j] and list_my_word[i]!=list_my_word[j]: return False return True
def show_possible_matches(my_word):
flag=0 #用于标记是否存在可能匹配的单词
possible_word=[] #存储可能匹配的单词
for i in wordlist:
if match_with_gaps(my_word,i):
flag=1
possible_word.append(i)
if flag==0:#不存在可能匹配的单词
print("No matches found.")
else:
print("Possible word matches are:")
for i in possible_word:
print(i,end=' ')
print("")
def hangman_with_hints(secret_word):
list_unique=[] #用于secret_word去重
for i in secret_word:
if i not in list_unique:
list_unique.append(i)
unique_numbers=len(list_unique) #目标单词中不同字符的数量，用于计算玩家分数
vowels="aeiou" #元音字母
print("Welcome to the game hangman!")
length=len(secret_word) #目标单词长度
print("I'm thinking of a word that is {} letters long!".format(length))
times_left=6 #玩家剩余猜测次数
warning_left=3 #玩家剩余警告次数
print("You have {} warnings left.".format(warning_left))
print("------------- ")
list_guessed=[]
while times_left>0: #猜测次数没没有用完时
print("You have {} guesses left.".format(times_left))
print("Available letters:",get_available_letters(list_guessed))
char=input("Please guess a letter:")
x=str.lower(char)
if x in list_guessed:#玩家已经猜过这个字母
if warning_left>0:
warning_left-=1
print("Oops!You've already guessed that letter.You have {} warnings left:".format(warning_left),get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
else: #警告次数为0了 减少猜测次数
times_left-=1
print("Oops! You've already guessed that letter.You have no warnings eft,so you lose one guess:",get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
else: #玩家尚未猜测过这个字母
list_guessed.append(x) #先存储玩家猜测结果
if x=='*': #是 '*' 的情况
my_word=get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed)
show_possible_matches(my_word)
elif not str.isalpha(x): #玩家输入不是是字母且不是 * 号
if warning_left>0:
warning_left-=1
print("Oops! That is not a valid letter.You have {} warnings left:".format(warning_left),get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
else:
times_left-=1
print(" Oops! That is not a valid letter.You have no warnings left,so you lose one guess:",get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
#玩家输入是字母时
elif x in secret_word:#玩家猜测字母在目标中
print("Good guess:",get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
# 玩家猜出全部字母
if secret_word==get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed):
print("------------- ")
print("Congratulations,you won!")
total_score=times_left*unique_numbers
print("Your total score for this game is:",total_score)
return
else: #玩家猜测字母不在目标中
print("Oops! That letter is not in my word.",get_guessed_word(secret_word,list_guessed))
if x in vowels: #没有猜中，且是元音字母
times_left-=2
else:
times_left-=1
print("------------- ")
print("Sorry,you ran out of guesses.The word was {}".format(secret_word)) #玩家失败，游戏结束
return
“”"
if name == “main”:
secret_word=choose_word(wordlist)
hangman(secret_word)
#secret_word = choose_word(wordlist)
#hangman_with_hints("apple")
注意，注释掉的部分是为了实现 hangman 游戏的 改进版本，一个具有计算机提示功能的版本，每当用户输入 * 时，计算机就将文本中所有与当前已猜测结果相匹配的单词输出，以缩小玩家猜测范围作为提示。游戏效果如下： 项目代码如果有任何问题，欢迎随时指出，万分感谢！
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