不论是单实例还是RAC，对于非缺省端口下(1521)的监听器，pmon进程不会将service/instance注册到监听器，即不会实现动态注册。与单实例相同，RAC非缺省端口的监听器也是通过设置参数local_listener来达到目的。除此之外，还可以对实例进行远程注册，以达到负载均衡的目的。这是通过一个参数remote_listener来实现。
有关Oracle 网络配置相关基础以及概念性的问题请参考：
配置ORACLE 客户端连接到数据库
配置非默认端口的动态服务注册
配置sqlnet.ora限制IP访问Oracle
Oracle 监听器日志配置与管理
设置 Oracle 监听器密码(LISTENER)
一、创建非缺省的监听器
使用netca新建一个非缺省的listener，当然也可以直接修改各节点上的listener.ora
oracle@bo2dbp:~> export DISPLAY=192.168.7.133:0.0
oracle@bo2dbp:~> netca
--选择cluster configuration
--选择所有的节点
--选择listener configuration
--选择add
--设定一个新的监听器的名字,假定为LISTENER_NEW
--选择tcp
--设定非缺省的端口号，此处设定为1314
--选择no,点击next等待完成
--如之前已经存在缺省的监听器，此时出现提示选择启动那个监听，选择刚建的LISTENER_NEW
--next,提示完成, finish
二、缺省监听器与非缺省监听器对照
oracle@bo2dbp:~> ps -ef | grep lsnr
oracle 21097 1 0 17:40 ? 00:00:00 /u01/oracle/db/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER_BO2DBP -inherit
oracle 26228 1 0 17:58 ? 00:00:00 /u01/oracle/db/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBP -inherit
oracle 28842 19468 0 17:58 pts/1 00:00:00 grep lsnr
此时可以看到有两个监听器，一个是原来缺省的，一个是新增加的，注意监听器的命名，RAC环境下是监听器的名字加上hostname
下面的listener.ora的内容已经包含了两个监听器，一个是缺省的，一个是非缺省的。
相应地,listener.ora中也多出了刚刚创建的非缺省监听器
oracle@bo2dbp:~> more $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora.bo2dbp Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/db/network/admin/listener.ora.bo2dbp
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBP =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bo2dbp-vip.2gotrade.com)(PORT = 1314)(IP = FIRST))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.7.51)(PORT = 1314)(IP = FIRST))
)
)
LISTENER_BO2DBP =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bo2dbp-vip.2gotrade.com)(PORT = 1521)(IP = FIRST))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.7.51)(PORT = 1521)(IP = FIRST))
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBP =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/db)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER_BO2DBP =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/db)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
)
#查看监听器的状态
oracle@bo2dbp:~> ./crs_stat.sh
Resource name Target State
-------------- ------ -----
ora.GOBO4.GOBO4A.inst ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbp
ora.GOBO4.GOBO4B.inst ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbs
ora.GOBO4.db ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbp
ora.bo2dbp.ASM1.asm ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbp
ora.bo2dbp.LISTENER_BO2DBP.lsnr ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbp
ora.bo2dbp.LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBP.lsnr ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbp
ora.bo2dbp.gsd ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbp
ora.bo2dbp.ons ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbp
ora.bo2dbp.vip ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbp
ora.bo2dbs.ASM2.asm ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbs
ora.bo2dbs.LISTENER_BO2DBS.lsnr ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbs
ora.bo2dbs.LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBS.lsnr ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbs
ora.bo2dbs.gsd ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbs
ora.bo2dbs.ons ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbs
ora.bo2dbs.vip ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbs
ora.ora10g.db ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbp
ora.ora10g.ora10g1.inst ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbp
ora.ora10g.ora10g2.inst ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbs
#比较缺省监听器与非缺省监听器的状态
oracle@bo2dbp:~> lsnrctl
LSNRCTL> set current_listener LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBP
LSNRCTL> status #端口号为非缺省的情形下仅存在Service "PLSExtProc",这是因为没有动态注册的原因
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> set current_listener LISTENER_BO2DBP
Current Listener is LISTENER_BO2DBP
LSNRCTL> status
.........
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.61)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.51)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
.........
Service "ora10g" has 2 instance(s).
Instance "ora10g1", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "ora10g2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
.........
The command completed successfully
oracle@bo2dbp:~> lsnrctl status #查看缺省监听器的状态(即断口号为1521)
.......
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.61)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.51)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
.......
Service "ora10g" has 2 instance(s).
Instance "ora10g1", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "ora10g2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
.......
The command completed successfully
#查看此时local_listener与remote_listener参数
#Author: Robinson Cheng
#Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/robinson_0612
SQL> show parameter instance_name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
instance_name string ora10g1
SQL> show parameter listener
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener string
remote_listener string LISTENERS_ORA10G
结论，与单实例相同，如果未设定非缺省的listener，则使用listener 与LISTENER_BO2DBP查看到相同的结果
也就是说lsnrctl status [listener_nam]查看的本身就是缺省端口监听器的信息
对于非缺省端口的监听器，未设置local_listener时不会有数据库实例注册
#关闭缺省的监听器
SQL> ho srvctl stop listener -n bo2dbp -l LISTENER_BO2DBP
SQL> ho srvctl stop listener -n bo2dbs -l LISTENER_BO2DBS
SQL> ho ./crs_stat.sh
Resource name Target State
-------------- ------ -----
ora.GOBO4.GOBO4A.inst OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.GOBO4.GOBO4B.inst OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.GOBO4.db OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.bo2dbp.ASM1.asm ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbp
ora.bo2dbp.LISTENER_BO2DBP.lsnr OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.bo2dbp.LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBP.lsnr ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbp
ora.bo2dbp.gsd ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbp
ora.bo2dbp.ons ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbp
ora.bo2dbp.vip ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbp
ora.bo2dbs.ASM2.asm ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbs
ora.bo2dbs.LISTENER_BO2DBS.lsnr OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.bo2dbs.LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBS.lsnr ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbs
ora.bo2dbs.gsd ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbs
ora.bo2dbs.ons ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbs
ora.bo2dbs.vip ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbs
ora.ora10g.db ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbp
ora.ora10g.ora10g1.inst ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbp
ora.ora10g.ora10g2.inst ONLINE ONLINE on bo2dbs
三、配置非缺省监听器的动态注册
oracle@bo2dbp:/u01/oracle/db/network/admin> echo "
> LISTENERS_ORA10G1 =
> (ADDRESS_LIST =
> (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bo2dbp-vip.2gotrade.com)(PORT = 1314))
> )">>tnsnames.ora #使用echo添加新的连接标识符到tnsnames.ora
oracle@bo2dbp:/u01/oracle/db/network/admin> tail -5 tnsnames.ora
LISTENERS_ORA10G1 =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bo2dbp-vip.2gotrade.com)(PORT = 1314))
)
SQL> alter system set local_listener=LISTENERS_ORA10G1 scope=both sid='ora10g1';
System altered.
SQL> ho lsnrctl status LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBP
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.3.0 - Production on 09-OCT-2012 11:56:15
Copyright (c) 1991, 2006, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.61)(PORT=1314)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.51)(PORT=1314)))
Services Summary...
Service "ora10g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora10g1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
........
#此时已经看到ora10g1已经注册到非缺省的1314监听器LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBP中
#修改tnsnames.ora中ora10g中的端口号为1314
#下面测试一下修改后的情形,可以看出1314端口已经被使用
oracle@bo2dbp:~> tnsping ora10g
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bo2dbp-vip.2gotrade.com)(PORT = 1314))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bo2dbs-vip.2gotrade.com)(PORT = 1314)) (LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
(CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = ora10g)))
OK (10 msec)
oracle@bo2dbp:~> sqlplus scott/tiger@ora10g
SQL> show parameter instance_name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
instance_name string ora10g1
使用与上述相同的方法设置第二个节点上的local_listener.
即先修改tnsnames.ora,再设置local_listener.注意尽可能使得连接符名字不同用于区分,如设置为LISTENERS_ORA10G2,注意主机名以及端口号
SQL> show parameter instance_name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
instance_name string ora10g2
SQL> alter system set local_listener=LISTENERS_ORA10G2 scope=both sid='ora10g2';
System altered.
SQL> alter system register;
System altered.
SQL> ho lsnrctl status LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBS
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.62)(PORT=1314))) #可以看到此时端口号为1314
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.7.52)(PORT=1314)))
Service "ora10g" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora10g2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service... #instance ora10g2已注册
..............
四、设置非缺省监听器的远程注册
监听器的远程注册主要用于实现负载均衡。通常情况下，客户端发出的连接请求会首先被local_listener接受，然后由master instance来决定当前的连接请求应该由哪个目标instance发出server process响应这个连接请求。在启用了负载均衡的情形下，master instance会将请求转发到负载较小的实例，如果此时remote_listener中指定的实例负载较小，则当前的请求被重定向到负载较小的实例中来建立连接，派生服务器进程进行相应连接。
SQL> show parameter listener
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener string LISTENERS_ORA10G1
remote_listener string LISTENERS_ORA10G
上面remote_listener的值LISTENERS_ORA10G是在创建数据库的时候创建的，而此时我们使用了非缺省端口的监听器，因此有两种方法来处
理，一是将tnsnamas.ora中对应的LISTENERS_ORA10G连接字符中的端口号更改为1314,其次是添加一个新的连接串,下面采用第二种方法.
-->首先清空原来的remote_listener
SQL> alter system reset remote_listener scope=both sid='*';
System altered.
SQL> show parameter listener
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener string LISTENERS_ORA10G1
remote_listener string
-->添加字符串到tnsnames.ora
oracle@bo2dbp:~> echo "
> remote_lsnr_ora10g =
> (ADDRESS_LIST =
> (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bo2dbp-vip.2gotrade.com)(PORT = 1314))
> (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bo2dbs-vip.2gotrade.com)(PORT = 1314))
> )">>$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
oracle@bo2dbp:~> tail -6 $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
remote_lsnr_ora10g =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bo2dbp-vip.2gotrade.com)(PORT = 1314))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = bo2dbs-vip.2gotrade.com)(PORT = 1314))
)
采用类似的方法将上面的内容添加到节点2上的tnsnames.ora中
SQL> alter system set remote_listener='remote_lsnr_ora10g' scope=both sid='*';
System altered.
SQL> show parameter listener
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
local_listener string LISTENERS_ORA10G1
remote_listener string remote_lsnr_ora10g
SQL> alter system register;
System altered.
SQL> ho lsnrctl status LISTENER_NEW_BO2DBP
Service "ora10g" has 2 instance(s). #服务ora10g有2个instance可以提供服务
Instance "ora10g1", status READY, has 2 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "ora10g2", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
.................
六、RAC 上配置监听器的步骤总结
1、为每个监听器在listener.ora中生成相应的条目，host的内容尽可能使用vip地址(建议直接指定ip，以避免dns解析错误)
2、为每个节点配置相应的tns条目，同样使用vip
LISTENERS_CLUSTERNAME = #全局配置，对应remote_listener，即如果有2个节点列出两个vip，3个节点应列出3个vip
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node1-vip)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node2-vip)(PORT = 1521))
)
LISTENERS_CLUSTER_1 = #本地配置，仅列出当前实例的节点ip
(ADDRESS_LIST = #节点2上可以设置为LISTENERS_CLUSTER_1，相应地vip为节点2的vip
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node1-vip)(PORT = 1521))
) #也可以在一个节点上配置所有的local_listener连接标识符,然后将tnsnames.ora复制到所有节点
3、设置全局remote_listener参数
alter system set remote_listener='LISTENERS_CLUSTERNAME' scope=both sid='*';
4、设置本地local_listener参数(各个节点单独设置)
alter system set remote_listener='LISTENERS_CLUSTER_1' scope=both sid='node1';
或者直接将ip，port值设置到local_listener，如果这样第3步中的LISTENERS_CLUSTER_1可以不用配置，如下：
alter system set LOCAL_LISTENER='(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = node1-vip)(PORT = 1521))' sid='node1';
5、在每一节点使用alter system register实现立即注册。此步骤可以省略。因为我们设置了local_listener与remote_listener之后等待片刻就可以实现动态注册。alter system register仅仅用于加快注册。
6、使用lsnrctl stauts LISTENER_<hostname> 查看监听器的状态
七、更多参考
有关基于用户管理的备份和备份恢复的概念请参考
Oracle 基于用户管理恢复的处理(详细描述了介质恢复及其处理)
Oracle 基于备份控制文件的恢复(unsing backup controlfile)
有关RMAN的备份恢复与管理请参考
有关ORACLE体系结构请参考