环境说明：
版本 version 5.6.25-log 
主库ip: 10.219.24.25
从库ip：10.219.24.22
os 版本： centos 6.7
已安装热备软件：xtrabackup 
防火墙已关

补充：

主从复制原理： http://blog.csdn.net/zhang123456456/article/details/72972701
mysql 5.6安装 ：http://blog.csdn.net/zhang123456456/article/details/53608554
xtrabackup 安装： http://blog.csdn.net/zhang123456456/article/details/72836184

一主一从搭建流程：

1、 主库参数调整
-- 停止主库mysql
[root@mysql02 ~]# service mysql stop
[root@mysql02 ~]# netstat -nltp|grep mysql|grep 3606
-- 调整 my.cnf 参数
[root@mysql02 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
password = oracle
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
server-id=25
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
character_set_server = utf8
character_set_client = utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
lower_case_table_names = 1
max_connections = 1000
datadir = /data/mysql
log_bin = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog 
log_bin_index = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog
binlog_format = mixed
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend 
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8
说明：主库必须配置的参数
server-id （主从的server-id必须不同）、log_bin、binlog_format

-- 启动主库
[root@mysql02 ~]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &

2、 从库参数调整
-- 停止从库mysql
[root@mysql01 ~]# service mysql stop
[root@mysql01 ~]# netstat -nltp|grep mysql|grep 3606
-- 调整 my.cnf 参数
[root@mysql01 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
password = oracle
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
server-id=22
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
character_set_server = utf8
character_set_client = utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
lower_case_table_names = 1
max_connections = 1000
datadir = /data/mysql
log_bin = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog 
log_bin_index = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog
relay-log = /data/mysql/relaylog/relay
relay-log-index = /data/mysql/relaylog/relay
relay_log_purge = on
read-only = 1
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8
说明：从库必须配置的参数
server-id、log_bin、relay-log、read-only

3、 主库备份
-- 主库备份目录
[root@mysql02 full]# pwd
/xtrabackup/full
-- 主库 innobackupex 备份
[root@mysql02 ~]# innobackupex --user=root --password=oracle --port=3606 /xtrabackup/full/
170610 17:50:23 Backup created in directory '/xtrabackup/full/2017-06-10_17-50-19/'
MySQL binlog position: filename 'binlog.000010', position '120'
....
170610 17:50:23 completed OK!
-- 查看备份 binlog编号 与 截止 position
[root@mysql02 2017-06-10_17-50-19]# cat xtrabackup_binlog_info 
binlog.000010 120

4、 从库创建与主库相同的备份目录
[root@mysql01 ~]# mkdir -p /xtrabackup/full
[root@mysql01 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /xtrabackup/full/

5、 主库将备份 scp 到从库
[root@mysql02 full]# pwd
/xtrabackup/full
[root@mysql02 full]# scp -r 2017-06-10_17-50-19 10.219.24.22:/xtrabackup/full
6、 从库查看scp过来的备份
[root@mysql01 ~]# cd /xtrabackup/full/2017-06-10_17-50-19/
[root@mysql01 2017-06-10_17-50-19]# ll
total 12320
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 419 Jun 10 18:01 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 12582912 Jun 10 18:01 ibdata1
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 Jun 10 18:01 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 Jun 10 18:01 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 Jun 10 18:01 test
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 18 Jun 10 18:01 xtrabackup_binlog_info
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 113 Jun 10 18:01 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 482 Jun 10 18:01 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 2560 Jun 10 18:01 xtrabackup_logfile

7、 主库创建同步用户
mysql> GRANT replication slave ON *.* TO 'slave25'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'oracle'; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

8、 从库恢复主库数据
-- 从库将原有datadir文件夹重命名到新位置，并创建原文件夹 
[root@mysql01 ~]# mv /data/mysql /data/mysqlbak
[root@mysql01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql
-- innobackupex apply-log
[root@mysql01 ~]# innobackupex --apply-log --user=oracle \
--password=oracle --port=3606 /xtrabackup/full/2017-06-10_17-50-19/
-- innobackupex copy 恢复的文件到原来的数据位置
[root@mysql01 mysql]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root \
--copy-back /xtrabackup/full/2017-06-10_17-50-19/

170610 18:25:11 completed OK!
-- 创建binlog目录与 relaylog 目录并赋权
[root@mysql01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/binarylog
[root@mysql01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/relaylog/
[root@mysql01 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

9、 从库配置与检测
-- 从库启动
[root@mysql01 mysql]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
-- 从库指定与主库同步的基本信息
mysql>
change master to
master_host='10.219.24.25',
master_port=3306,
master_user='slave25',
master_password='oracle', 
master_log_file='binlog.000010',
master_log_pos=120; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.04 sec)

参数解释：
MASTER_HOST : 设置要连接的主服务器的ip地址
MASTER_USER : 设置要连接的主服务器的用户名
MASTER_PASSWORD : 设置要连接的主服务器的密码
MASTER_LOG_FILE : 设置要连接的主服务器的bin日志的日志名称
MASTER_LOG_POS : 设置要连接的主服务器的bin日志的记录位置
-- 启动slave 状态(开始监听msater的变化)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
-- 查看slave的状态.
mysql> show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.219.24.25 #主库 IP
Master_User: slave25 # 主库复制的用户
Master_Port: 3306 # 主库 mysqld 
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000010 #io_thread 读取主库 master_log_file
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 717 # io_thread 读取主库 master_log_pos
Relay_Log_File: relay.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 877
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000010 #sql_thread 执行主库的 master_log_file
Slave_IO_Running: Yes # 关键的，io_thread 是否 running 
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes # 关键的，sql_thread 是否 running
Replicate_Do_DB: 
Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
Replicate_Do_Table: 
Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error: 
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 717 #sql_thread 执行主库的 master_log_pos
Relay_Log_Space: 1040
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File: 
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File: 
Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
Master_SSL_Cert: 
Master_SSL_Cipher: 
Master_SSL_Key: 
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 # 从库 的延迟
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error: 
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error: 
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
Master_Server_Id: 25
Master_UUID: 29d68531-4cf9-11e7-8e1f-000c297c4100
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind: 
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
Master_SSL_Crl: 
Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
Executed_Gtid_Set: 
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR: 
No query specified

10、 主从同步检查 
-- 主库
mysql> create database repl;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use repl
Database changed
mysql> create table repl (id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into repl values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

-- 从库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| binarylog |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| relaylog |
| repl |
| test |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use repl
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from repl;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec) >同步成功！

 

本文转自 张冲andy 博客园博客，原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/andy6/p/6978290.html   ，如需转载请自行联系原作者