CentOS7 yum lamp 虚拟主机配置 lamp各组件简单影响性能的参数调整--for 一定的环境需求

2022-04-04 08:15:59

LAMP Server on CentOS 7

Updated Tuesday, January 13, 2015 by Joel Kruger

This guide provides step-by-step instructions for installing a full-featured LAMP stack on a CentOS 7 system.

In this guide, you will be instructed on setting up Apache, MariaDB, and PHP.

The CentOS 7 Project has elected to replace the init service management daemon with the newer, systemd daemon for this latest release. In addition, this release of CentOS ships with MariaDB repositories instead of MySQL. If you would prefer to use the more traditional MySQL instead, there are instructions provided below to use those repositories as well.

Throughout this guide we will offer several suggested values for specific configuration settings. Some of these values will be set by default. These settings are shown in the guide as a reference, in the event that you change these settings to suit your needs and then need to change them back.

Prerequisites

Your Linode should already be set up according to the instructions in our Getting Started guide, and it is suggested that security precautions be implemented. For assistance with this, please see our documentation: Securing Your Server

This guide is written for a non-root user. Commands that require elevated privileges are prefixed with sudo. If you’re not familiar with the sudo command, you can check our Users and Groups guide.

Set the Hostname

Before you begin installing and configuring the components described in this guide, please make sure you’ve followed our instructions for setting your hostname. Issue the following commands to make sure it is set properly:

hostname
hostname -f

The first command should show your short hostname, and the second should show your fully qualified domain name (FQDN).

Install and Configure the Apache Web Server

The Apache Web Server is a very popular choice for serving web pages. While many alternatives have appeared in the last few years, Apache remains a powerful option that we recommend for most uses.

Update existing packages:
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sudo yum update
Install the current version of the Apache web server (in the 2.x series):
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sudo yum install httpd
The configuration for Apache is contained in the httpd.conf file, which is located at: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf. We advise you to make a backup of this file into your home directory:
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cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ~/httpd.conf.backup
By default, all files ending in the .conf extension in /etc/httpd and /etc/httpd/conf.d/ are treated as Apache configuration files, and we recommend placing your non-standard configuration options in files in these directories. Regardless how you choose to organize your configuration files, making regular backups of known working states is highly recommended.

Edit the main Apache configuration file to adjust the resource use settings. The settings shown below are a good starting point for a Linode 1GB.

/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

KeepAlive Off

...

<IfModule prefork.c>
StartServers 2
MinSpareServers 6
MaxSpareServers 12
MaxClients 80
MaxRequestsPerChild 3000
</IfModule>

Configure Name-based Virtual Hosts

There are different ways to set up virtual hosts; however, we recommend the method below. This configuration instructs Apache to listen on all IP addresses available to it.

Create virtual host entries for each site that we need to host with this server. For this example we are using “example.com” and “example.org”.

/etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf

NameVirtualHost *:80
        
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com
    ServerName example.com
    ServerAlias www.example.com
    DocumentRoot /srv/www/example.com/public_html/
    ErrorLog /srv/www/example.com/logs/error.log
    CustomLog /srv/www/example.com/logs/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin webmaster@example.org
    ServerName example.org
    ServerAlias www.example.org
    DocumentRoot /srv/www/example.org/public_html/
    ErrorLog /srv/www/example.org/logs/error.log
    CustomLog /srv/www/example.org/logs/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

Notes regarding this example configuration:

All of the files for the sites that you host will be located in directories that exist underneath /srv/www. You can symbolically link these directories into other locations if you need them to exist elsewhere.
ErrorLog and CustomLog entries are suggested for more fine-grained logging, but are not required. If they are defined (as shown above), the logs directories must be created before you restart Apache.

Before you can use the above configuration you’ll need to create the specified directories. For the above configuration, you can do this by issuing the following commands:

sudo mkdir -p /srv/www/example.com/public_html
sudo mkdir /srv/www/example.com/logs

sudo mkdir -p /srv/www/example.org/public_html
sudo mkdir /srv/www/example.org/logs

After you’ve set up your virtual hosts, you can issue the following commands to enable Apache to start on boot and run for the first time:
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sudo /bin/systemctl enable httpd.service sudo /bin/systemctl start httpd.service

Assuming that you have configured the DNS for your domain to point to your Linode’s IP address, virtual hosting for your domain should now work. Remember that you can create as many virtual hosts as you require.

Any time you change an option in your vhost.conf file, or any other Apache configuration file, remember to reload the configuration with the following command:

sudo /bin/systemctl reload httpd.service

Install and Configure MariaDB Database Server

MariaDB is a relational database management system (RDBMS) and ships by default in CentOS 7. MariaDB is a popular component in contemporary web development tool-chains, and is used to store data for many popular applications, including Wordpress and Drupal.

If you prefer to use the MySQL branded database in CentOS 7, you will need to add the required repositories by issuing the following command:
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sudo yum install http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm

Install MariaDB

Install the MariaDB-server package:
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sudo yum install mariadb-server
CentOS 7 provides version 10.1.1 of MariaDB. Before you can use MariaDB some configuration is required. If you want to run MariaDB by default when the system boots, execute the following command:
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sudo /bin/systemctl enable mariadb.service
Now you can start the MariaDB daemon (mariadb) with the following command:
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sudo /bin/systemctl start mariadb.service
At this point, MariaDB should be ready to configure and run. While you shouldn’t need to change the configuration file, note that it is located at /etc/my.cnf for future reference. The default values should be fine for a Linode 1GB, but if you decide to adjust them you should first make a backup copy:
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cp /etc/my.cnf ~/my.cnf.backup

Configure MariaDB and Set Up MariaDB databases

After installing MariaDB, it’s recommended that you run mysql_secure_installation, a program that helps secure MariaDB. While running mysql_secure_installation, you will be presented with the opportunity to change the MariaDB root password, remove anonymous user accounts, disable root logins outside of localhost, and remove test databases and reload privileges. It is recommended that you answer yes to these options. Run the following command to execute the program:
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mysql_secure_installation
Next, we’ll create a database and grant your users permissions to use databases. First, log in to MariaDB:
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mysql -u root -p
Enter MariaDB’s root password, and you’ll be presented with a prompt where you can issue SQL statements to interact with the database.

In the example below, example_database_name is the name of the database, example_user is used as the username, and example_password is used as the password for the root account on this newly established database. You should replace all three of these parameters to reflect your unique circumstances. It is recommended to create both a root and one additional user account within your database.
To create a new database and grant your users permissions on it, issue the following commands. Note that the semi-colons (;) at the end of the lines are crucial for ending the commands:
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create database example_database_name; grant all on example_database_name.* to 'example_user'@'localhost' identified by 'example_password';
Database user names and passwords are only used by scripts connecting to the database, and that database user account names need not (and perhaps should not) represent actual user accounts on the system. If you need to create additional users in the database you just created, simply run the command below, substituting the new user name and password where appropriate:
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grant all on example_database_name.* to 'example_user2'@'localhost' identified by 'example_password2';
With that completed, you’ve successfully configured MariaDB. To exit the MariaDB database administration utility issue the following command:
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quit

With Apache and MariaDB installed you are now ready to move on to installing PHP to provide scripting support for your web pages.

Installing and Configuring PHP

PHP makes it possible to produce dynamic and interactive pages using your own scripts and web development frameworks. Furthermore, many popular web applications like WordPress are written in PHP. If you want to be able to develop your websites using PHP, you must first install it.

CentOS includes packages for installing PHP from the terminal. Issue the following command:
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sudo yum install php php-pear

Once PHP5 is installed we’ll need to tune the configuration file located in /etc/php.ini to enable more descriptive errors, logging, and better performance. These modifications provide a good starting point if you’re unfamiliar with PHP configuration. Make sure that the following values are set, and relevant lines are uncommented (comments are lines beginning with a semi-colon [;]):

/etc/php.ini

error_reporting = E_COMPILE_ERROR|E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR|E_ERROR|E_CORE_ERROR
display_errors = Off
log_errors = On
error_log = /var/log/php/error.log
max_execution_time = 30
memory_limit = 128M
max_input_time = 30

Create the log directory for PHP and give the Apache user ownership:
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sudo mkdir /var/log/php sudo chown apache /var/log/php
If you need support for MariaDB or MySQL in PHP, then install the php5-mysql package with the following command:
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sudo yum install php-mysql
After making changes to PHP, restart Apache by issuing the following command:
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sudo /bin/systemctl reload httpd

You should now have a fully functioning LAMP stack on your Linode! From here, you can serve up tons of content to your followers on the internet. If you are interested in setting up a WordPress site on your new LAMP stack, please consider reviewing this tutorial: Manage Web Content with WordPress.

More Information

You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.

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