背景

近期在项目中需要使用多数据源，其中有一些表的数据量比较大，需要对其进行分库分表；而其他数据表数据量比较正常，单表就可以。
项目中可能使用其他组的数据源数据，因此需要多数据源支持。
经过调研多数据源配置比较方便。在该项目中分库分表的策略比较简单，仅根据一个字段分就可以，因此分库分表方案选用比较流行方便易用的 sharding-jdbc
需要实现的目标是 根据学生姓名字段 student_name 进行分表，但是不需要分库。数据表是student_hist0 - student_hist9

引入 sharding-jdbc maven 依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
    <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-core</artifactId>
    <version>4.1.1</version>
</dependency>

数据源配置文件

spring:
  application:
    name: student-service-provider
  jackson:
    date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
    time-zone: GMT+8
    defaultPropertyInclusion: non_null
    deserialization:
      FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES: false 
  #对返回的时间进行格式化
  datasource:
    hikari:
      student:
        url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/student_service?allowMultiQueries=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=false&useTimezone=true&serverTimezone=GMT%2
        username: root
        password: root123
      log1:
        url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/log1?allowMultiQueries=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=false
        username: root
        password: root123
      log2:
        url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/log2?allowMultiQueries=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=false
        username: root
        password: root123

配置多数据源代码

DataSourceProperties 数据源

import com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource;
import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Data
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.hikari")
public class DataSourceProperties {

    private HikariDataSource student;
	private HikariDataSource log1;
	private HikariDataSource log2;

}

DynamicDataSource 动态数据源

import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;

public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {

    /*
    当前据源名称
     */
    private static final ThreadLocal<String> dataSourceContextHolder = new ThreadLocal<>();

    /*
    设置数据源名称
     */
    public static void setDataSourceName(String dataSourceName) {
        dataSourceContextHolder.set(dataSourceName);
    }

    /*
    获取据源名称
     */
    public static String getDataSourceName() {
        return dataSourceContextHolder.get();
    }

    /*
    清除当数据源名称
     */
    public static void clearDataSource() {
        dataSourceContextHolder.remove();
    }

    @Override
    protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
        return getDataSourceName();
    }
}

MultiDataSource 多数据源标记

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.METHOD})
public @interface MultiDataSource {
    String value() default DataSourceConfig.DEFAULT_DATASOURCE_NAME;
}

重点来了，因为是根据表的某一个字段进行分表，该字段是一个字符串类型，因此需要想根据字符串的一致性hash码算出在哪张表上。在sharding-jdbc需要实现 PreciseShardingAlgorithm 类
例如：想要在student.student_hist 表中根据学生姓名进行分表，逻辑表是student_hist，真实表是 student_hist0 - student_hist9
DataSourceConfig.SHARD_MMS_DATASOURCE_TABLE_COUNT=10

import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.sharding.standard.PreciseShardingAlgorithm;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.sharding.standard.PreciseShardingValue;
import java.util.Collection;

public class PreciseNodeIdShardingAlgorithm implements PreciseShardingAlgorithm<String> {

    @Override
    public String doSharding(Collection<String> collection, PreciseShardingValue<String> preciseShardingValue) {
        for (String tbnm : collection) {
            if (tbnm.endsWith("hist" + (getHash(preciseShardingValue.getValue()) % DataSourceConfig.SHARD_MMS_DATASOURCE_TABLE_COUNT))) {
                return tbnm;
            }
        }
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
	
	private static int getHash(String str) {
        final int p = 16777619;
        int hash = (int) 2166136261L;
        for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++)
            hash = (hash ^ str.charAt(i)) * p;
        hash += hash << 13;
        hash ^= hash >> 7;
        hash += hash << 3;
        hash ^= hash >> 17;
        hash += hash << 5;
 
        // 如果算出来的值为负数则取其绝对值
        if (hash < 0)
            hash = Math.abs(hash);
        return hash;
    }
}

多数据源装配 DataSourceConfig 。需要指定默认数据源，当不需要使用 分表的表时就使用默认的数据源，否则指定需要分表的数据源。
在配置分表策略时如果不需要分库，可以不进行设置 tableRuleConfiguration.setDatabaseShardingStrategyConfig();

import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.ShardingRuleConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.TableRuleConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.api.config.sharding.strategy.StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.shardingjdbc.api.ShardingDataSourceFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;

import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;

@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {

    public static final String DEFAULT_DATASOURCE_NAME = "defaultDataSource";
    public static final String MMS_DATASOURCE_NAME = "mmsDatasource";
    public static final String SHARD_MMS_DATASOURCE_NAME = "shardMmsDatasource";

    public static int SHARD_MMS_DATASOURCE_TABLE_COUNT = 10;

    @Autowired
    private DataSourceProperties properties;

    @Primary
    @Bean(name = "dynamicDataSource")
    public DataSource dynamicDataSource() {
        DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource = new DynamicDataSource();
        // 默认数据源
        dynamicDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(properties.getMms());
        // 配置多数据源
        Map<Object, Object> dsMap = new HashMap();
        dsMap.put(DEFAULT_DATASOURCE_NAME, properties.getStudent());
        dsMap.put(MMS_DATASOURCE_NAME, properties.getStudent());
        dsMap.put(SHARD_MMS_DATASOURCE_NAME, buildShardDatasources());
        dynamicDataSource.setTargetDataSources(dsMap);
        return dynamicDataSource;
    }

    public DataSource buildShardDatasources() {
        // 配置多数据源
        Map<String, DataSource> dsMap = new HashMap();
        dsMap.put("shardMms", properties.getMms());
        TableRuleConfiguration stuHisTableRuleConfig = new TableRuleConfiguration("student_hist", "shardMms.student_hist${0.." + (SHARD_MMS_DATASOURCE_TABLE_COUNT - 1) + "}");
//        tableRuleConfiguration.setDatabaseShardingStrategyConfig();
        stuHisTableRuleConfig.setTableShardingStrategyConfig(new StandardShardingStrategyConfiguration("student_name", new PreciseNodeIdShardingAlgorithm()));

        ShardingRuleConfiguration shardingRuleConfig = new ShardingRuleConfiguration();
        shardingRuleConfig.getTableRuleConfigs().add(stuHisTableRuleConfig);
        try {
            Properties properties = new Properties();
            properties.setProperty("sql.show", "true");
            return ShardingDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(dsMap, shardingRuleConfig, properties);
        } catch (SQLException throwables) {
            throwables.printStackTrace();
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
    }

    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager() {
        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dynamicDataSource());
    }

}

多数据源切换 DataSourceAspect ,需要使用多数据源切换时，需要在service方法上使用标注方法 MultiDataSource 并指定数据源。

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

@Aspect
@Configuration
@Slf4j
@Order(1)
public class DataSourceAspect {

    //切入点，service 中所有注解方法
    @Pointcut("execution(* com.huitong..service..*.*(..)) && @annotation(com.huitong.app.config.datasource.MultiDataSource)")
    public void dataSourceAspect() {
    }

    @Around("dataSourceAspect()")
    public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
        MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();
        Method method = signature.getMethod();
        MultiDataSource ds = method.getAnnotation(MultiDataSource.class);
        if (ds != null) {
            DynamicDataSource.setDataSourceName(ds.value());
        }
        try {
            return joinPoint.proceed();
        } finally {
            DynamicDataSource.clearDataSource();
        }
    }
}

参考文献：

• https://shardingsphere.apache.org/document/legacy/4.x/document/cn/manual/sharding-jdbc/usage/sharding/
• https://www.cnblogs.com/lpfuture/p/5796398.html
• https://blog.csdn.net/u010558660/article/details/52767218

在多数据源中对部分数据表使用shardingsphere进行分库分表