微信公众号共有三种，服务号、订阅号、企业号。它们在获取AccessToken上各有不同。其中订阅号比较坑，它的AccessToken是需定时刷新，重复获取将导致上次获取的AccessToken失效。而企业号就比较好，AccessToken有效期同样为7200秒，但有效期内重复获取返回相同结果。为兼容这两种方式，因此按照订阅号的方式处理。
处理办法与接口文档中的要求相同：
为了保密appsecrect，第三方需要一个access_token获取和刷新的中控服务器。而其他业务逻辑服务器所使用的access_token均来自于该中控服务器，不应该各自去刷新，否则会造成access_token覆盖而影响业务。
下面的代码以企业号为例，将access_token储存在sqlite3数据库中，相比储存在文本中,放在数据库里，可以为后期存放其他数据提供向后兼容。如果放在文本中，则不如放在数据库中灵活。
设计思路和使用方法：
自动创建sqlite3数据库，包括表结构和数据，并能在数据库表结构不存在或者数据不存在或遭删除的情况下，创建新的可用的数据
尽可能的保证Class中每一个可执行的函数单独调用都能成功。
Class中只将真正能被用到的方法和变量设置为public的。
使用时只需要修改此文件中的weixin_qy_CorpID和weixin_qy_Secret改成自己的，并import此文件，使用WeiXinTokenClass().get()方法即可得到access_token。
脚本内容可以从github上获取，地址：https://github.com/DingGuodong/LinuxBashShellScriptForOps/blob/master/projects/WeChatOps/OpsDevBestPractice/odbp_getToken.py
脚本内容如下：
#!/usr/bin/python
# encoding: utf-8
# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
"""
Created by PyCharm.
File: LinuxBashShellScriptForOps:odbp_getToken.py
User: Guodong
Create Date: 2016/8/10
Create Time: 17:04
"""
import os
import sqlite3
import sys
import urllib
import urllib2
import json
import datetime
# import time
enable_debug = True
def debug(msg, code=None):
if enable_debug:
if code is None:
print "message: %s" % msg
else:
print "message: %s, code: %s " % (msg, code)
AUTHOR_MAIL = "uberurey_ups@163.com"
weixin_qy_CorpID = "your_corpid"
weixin_qy_Secret = "your_secret"
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
‘default‘: {
‘ENGINE‘: ‘db.backends.sqlite3‘,
‘NAME‘: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ‘.odbp_db.sqlite3‘),
}
}
sqlite3_db_file = str(DATABASES[‘default‘][‘NAME‘])
def sqlite3_conn(database):
try:
conn = sqlite3.connect(database)
except sqlite3.Error:
print >> sys.stderr, """ There was a problem connecting to Database:
%s
The error leading to this problem was:
%s
It‘s possible that this database is broken or permission denied.
If you cannot solve this problem yourself, please mail to:
%s
""" % (database, sys.exc_value, AUTHOR_MAIL)
sys.exit(1)
else:
return conn
def sqlite3_commit(conn):
return conn.commit()
def sqlite3_close(conn):
return conn.close()
def sqlite3_execute(database, sql):
try:
sql_conn = sqlite3_conn(database)
sql_cursor = sql_conn.cursor()
sql_cursor.execute(sql)
sql_conn.commit()
sql_conn.close()
except sqlite3.Error as e:
print e
sys.exit(1)
def sqlite3_create_table_token():
sql_conn = sqlite3_conn(sqlite3_db_file)
sql_cursor = sql_conn.cursor()
sql_cursor.execute(‘‘‘CREATE TABLE "main"."weixin_token" (
"id" INTEGER ,
"access_token" TEXT,
"expires_in" TEXT,
"expires_on" TEXT,
"is_expired" INTEGER
)
;
‘‘‘)
sqlite3_commit(sql_conn)
sqlite3_close(sql_conn)
def sqlite3_create_table_account():
sql_conn = sqlite3_conn(sqlite3_db_file)
sql_cursor = sql_conn.cursor()
sql_cursor.execute(‘‘‘CREATE TABLE "main"."weixin_account" (
"id" INTEGER,
"name" TEXT,
"corpid" TEXT,
"secret" TEXT,
"current" INTEGER
)
;
‘‘‘)
sqlite3_commit(sql_conn)
sqlite3_close(sql_conn)
def sqlite3_create_tables():
print "sqlite3_create_tables"
sql_conn = sqlite3_conn(sqlite3_db_file)
sql_cursor = sql_conn.cursor()
sql_cursor.execute(‘‘‘CREATE TABLE "main"."weixin_token" (
"id" INTEGER ,
"access_token" TEXT,
"expires_in" TEXT,
"expires_on" TEXT,
"is_expired" INTEGER
)
;
‘‘‘)
sql_cursor.execute(‘‘‘CREATE TABLE "main"."weixin_account" (
"id" INTEGER,
"name" TEXT,
"corpid" TEXT,
"secret" TEXT,
"current" INTEGER
)
;
‘‘‘)
sqlite3_commit(sql_conn)
sqlite3_close(sql_conn)
def sqlite3_set_credential(corpid, secret):
try:
sql_conn = sqlite3_conn(sqlite3_db_file)
sql_cursor = sql_conn.cursor()
sql_cursor.execute(‘‘‘INSERT INTO "weixin_account" ("id", "name", "corpid", "secret", "current") VALUES
(1,
‘odbp‘,
?,
?,
1)
‘‘‘, (corpid, secret))
sqlite3_commit(sql_conn)
sqlite3_close(sql_conn)
except sqlite3.Error:
sqlite3_create_table_account()
sqlite3_set_credential(corpid, secret)
def sqlite3_set_token(access_token, expires_in, expires_on, is_expired):
try:
sql_conn = sqlite3_conn(sqlite3_db_file)
sql_cursor = sql_conn.cursor()
sql_cursor.execute(‘‘‘INSERT INTO "weixin_token"
("id", "access_token", "expires_in", "expires_on", "is_expired") VALUES
(
1,
?,
?,
?,
?
)
‘‘‘, (access_token, expires_in, expires_on, is_expired))
sqlite3_commit(sql_conn)
sqlite3_close(sql_conn)
except sqlite3.Error:
sqlite3_create_table_token()
sqlite3_set_token(access_token, expires_in, expires_on, is_expired)
def sqlite3_get_credential():
try:
sql_conn = sqlite3_conn(sqlite3_db_file)
sql_cursor = sql_conn.cursor()
credential = sql_cursor.execute(‘‘‘SELECT "corpid", "secret" FROM weixin_account WHERE current == 1;‘‘‘)
result = credential.fetchall()
sqlite3_close(sql_conn)
except sqlite3.Error:
sqlite3_set_credential(weixin_qy_CorpID, weixin_qy_Secret)
return sqlite3_get_credential()
else:
if result is not None and len(result) != 0:
return result
else:
print "unrecoverable problem, please alter to %s" % AUTHOR_MAIL
sys.exit(1)
def sqlite3_get_token():
try:
sql_conn = sqlite3_conn(sqlite3_db_file)
sql_cursor = sql_conn.cursor()
credential = sql_cursor.execute(
‘‘‘SELECT "access_token", "expires_on" FROM weixin_token WHERE "is_expired" == 1 ;‘‘‘)
result = credential.fetchall()
sqlite3_close(sql_conn)
except sqlite3.Error:
info = sys.exc_info()
print info[0], ":", info[1]
else:
if result is not None and len(result) != 0:
return result
else:
# print "unrecoverable problem, please alter to %s" % AUTHOR_MAIL
# sys.exit(1)
return None
def sqlite3_update_token(access_token, expires_on):
sql_conn = sqlite3_conn(sqlite3_db_file)
sql_cursor = sql_conn.cursor()
sql_cursor.execute(‘‘‘UPDATE "weixin_token" SET
access_token=?,
expires_on=?
WHERE _ROWID_ = 1;‘‘‘, (access_token, expires_on)
)
sqlite3_commit(sql_conn)
sqlite3_close(sql_conn)
class WeiXinTokenClass(object):
def __init__(self):
self.__corpid = None
self.__corpsecret = None
self.__use_persistence = True
self.__access_token = None
self.__expires_in = None
self.__expires_on = None
self.__is_expired = None
if self.__use_persistence:
self.__corpid = sqlite3_get_credential()[0][0]
self.__corpsecret = sqlite3_get_credential()[0][1]
else:
self.__corpid = weixin_qy_CorpID
self.__corpsecret = weixin_qy_Secret
def __get_token_from_weixin_qy_api(self):
parameters = {
"corpid": self.__corpid,
"corpsecret": self.__corpsecret
}
url_parameters = urllib.urlencode(parameters)
token_url = "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/gettoken?"
url = token_url + url_parameters
response = urllib2.urlopen(url)
result = response.read()
token_json = json.loads(result)
if token_json[‘access_token‘] is not None:
get_time_now = datetime.datetime.now()
# TODO(Guodong Ding) token will expired ahead of time or not expired after the time
expire_time = get_time_now + datetime.timedelta(seconds=token_json[‘expires_in‘])
token_json[‘expires_on‘] = str(expire_time)
self.__access_token = token_json[‘access_token‘]
self.__expires_in = token_json[‘expires_in‘]
self.__expires_on = token_json[‘expires_on‘]
self.__is_expired = 1
try:
token_result_set = sqlite3_get_token()
except sqlite3.Error:
token_result_set = None
if token_result_set is None and len(token_result_set) == 0:
sqlite3_set_token(self.__access_token, self.__expires_in, self.__expires_on, self.__is_expired)
else:
if self.__is_token_expired() is True:
sqlite3_update_token(self.__access_token, self.__expires_on)
else:
debug("pass")
return
else:
if token_json[‘errcode‘] is not None:
print "errcode is: %s" % token_json[‘errcode‘]
print "errmsg is: %s" % token_json[‘errmsg‘]
else:
print result
def __get_token_from_persistence_storage(self):
try:
token_result_set = sqlite3_get_token()
except sqlite3.Error:
self.__get_token_from_weixin_qy_api()
finally:
if token_result_set is None:
self.__get_token_from_weixin_qy_api()
token_result_set = sqlite3_get_token()
access_token = token_result_set[0][0]
expire_time = token_result_set[0][1]
else:
access_token = token_result_set[0][0]
expire_time = token_result_set[0][1]
expire_time = datetime.datetime.strptime(expire_time, ‘%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f‘)
now_time = datetime.datetime.now()
if now_time < expire_time:
# print "The token is %s" % access_token
# print "The token will expire on %s" % expire_time
return access_token
else:
self.__get_token_from_weixin_qy_api()
return self.__get_token_from_persistence_storage()
@staticmethod
def __is_token_expired():
try:
token_result_set = sqlite3_get_token()
except sqlite3.Error as e:
print e
sys.exit(1)
expire_time = token_result_set[0][1]
expire_time = datetime.datetime.strptime(expire_time, ‘%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f‘)
now_time = datetime.datetime.now()
if now_time < expire_time:
return False
else:
return True
def get(self):
return self.__get_token_from_persistence_storage()
tag:微信公众号,python,sqlite3
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