MySQL主从复制配置-windows单机环境

2021-10-01 08:42:57

windows8.1系统下配置mysql主从复制

1.测试环境概述

本地win8操作系统，64位操作系统，3G内存，下载的是mysql5.6.16-winx64.zip包

在本地磁盘上解压两个mysql，端口分别是3310和3311，即：

localhost:3310 --master服务器

localhost:3311 --slave服务器

2.配置master

将压缩包解压： C:/software/mysql-5.6.16-winx64-3310

在这个目录下建立tmp文件夹

在该目录下新增my.ini文件，其内容如下：

# For advice on how to change settings please see

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It‘s a template which will be copied to the

# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you

# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]

server-id=1

#replicate-same-server-id=0

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data

# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.

# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging

# changes to the binary log between backups.

# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.

basedir = C:/software/mysql-5.6.16-winx64-3310

datadir = C:/software/mysql-5.6.16-winx64-3310/data

tmpdir = C:/software/mysql-5.6.16-winx64-3310/tmp

port = 3310

log-bin=master-bin

log-bin-index=master-bin.index

#default-character-set = utf8

# server_id = .....

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.

# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.

# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.

# join_buffer_size = 128M

# sort_buffer_size = 2M

# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

[client]

port = 3310

#default-character-set = utf8

其中，server-id变量表示该节点在集群内的唯一表示，每个节点必须使用不同的server-id来区分

basedir,datadir,tmpdir这些表示的是数据文件或临时文件的存放路径，因为我们在一台机器上创建2个mysql数据库服务，为了两个实例之间的数据不发生干扰，我们在配置文件中明确指定其位置

port:这个参数就是mysql服务的监听端口，这里我们设置的是3310

log-bin:要将服务器设置为master，需要确保该服务器有一个活动的二进制日志（binary log）,该日志上保留了服务器上的所有改变，并且这些改变可以在slave上被重新执行

3.启动master

命令行切换到 C:\software\mysql-5.6.16-winx64-3310\bin（master解压目录），执行mysqld --console命令，得如下信息，则master启动完毕：

C:\software\mysql-5.6.16-winx64-3310\bin>mysqld --console

2014-03-26 22:20:48 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

2014-03-26 22:20:48 7204 [Note] Plugin ‘FEDERATED‘ is disabled.

2014-03-26 22:20:48 7204 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages

2014-03-26 22:20:48 7204 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled

2014-03-26 22:20:48 7204 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use Windows interlocked functions

2014-03-26 22:20:48 7204 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3

2014-03-26 22:20:48 7204 [Note] InnoDB: Not using CPU crc32 instructions

2014-03-26 22:20:48 7204 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M

2014-03-26 22:20:48 7204 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool

2014-03-26 22:20:48 7204 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.

2014-03-26 22:20:48 7204 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.

2014-03-26 22:20:48 7204 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start

2014-03-26 22:20:48 7204 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.16 started; log sequence number 1625977

2014-03-26 22:20:49 7204 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: d440636c-b4f1-11e3-9ec4-904ce5e379cc.

2014-03-26 22:20:49 7204 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): ‘*‘; port: 3310

2014-03-26 22:20:49 7204 [Note] IPv6 is available.

2014-03-26 22:20:49 7204 [Note] - ‘::‘ resolves to ‘::‘;

2014-03-26 22:20:49 7204 [Note] Server socket created on IP: ‘::‘.

2014-03-26 22:20:50 7204 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events

2014-03-26 22:20:50 7204 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections.

Version: ‘5.6.16-log‘ socket: ‘‘ port: 3310 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

4.在master上创建一个复制用户

4.1修改默认的root密码

如果是已有的数据库则该步骤，则修改密码部分省略

C:/software/mysql-5.6.16-winx64-3310\mysqladmin -uroot password 111111

通过如上命令，我们给默认的root帐号一个密码111111

4.2添加复制用户并给予权限：

C:/software/mysql-5.6.16-winx64-3310 \mysql -uroot -p111111

进入到mysql数据库中

mysql> create user repl_user;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to repl_user identified by ‘111111‘;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

replication slave这个权限没有什么特别之处，只是这个用户可以从master上取得二进制的日志转储数据，完全可以给一个常规帐号赋予replication slave权限，但是最好还是将replication slave权限和其他用户权限分开，这样的话，如果后期想禁止某些slave的链接，只要删除该用户就可以了

5.配置slave

将压缩包解压： C:/software/mysql-5.6.16-winx64-3311

在这个目录下建立tmp文件夹

在该目录下新增my.ini文件，其内容如下：

# For advice on how to change settings please see

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It‘s a template which will be copied to the

# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you

# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]

server-id=2

#replicate-same-server-id=0

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data

# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.

# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging

# changes to the binary log between backups.

# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.

basedir = C:/software/mysql-5.6.16-winx64-3311

datadir = C:/software/mysql-5.6.16-winx64-3311/data

tmpdir = C:/software/mysql-5.6.16-winx64-3311/tmp

port = 3311

relay-log = slave-relay-bin

relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index

#default-character-set = utf8

# server_id = .....

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.

# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.

# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.

# join_buffer_size = 128M

# sort_buffer_size = 2M

# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

[client]

port = 3311

#default-character-set = utf8

与master一样，slave也要配置一个唯一的服务器id,relay-log和relay-log-index表示中继日志文件和中继日志索引文件

6.启动slave

命令行切换到 C:\software\mysql-5.6.16-winx64-3311\bin（slave解压目录），执行mysqld --console命令，得如下信息，则slave启动完毕：

C:\software\mysql-5.6.16-winx64-3311\bin>mysqld --console

2014-03-26 22:21:19 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

2014-03-26 22:21:19 6916 [Note] Plugin ‘FEDERATED‘ is disabled.

2014-03-26 22:21:19 6916 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages

2014-03-26 22:21:19 6916 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled

2014-03-26 22:21:19 6916 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use Windows interlocked functions

2014-03-26 22:21:19 6916 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3

2014-03-26 22:21:19 6916 [Note] InnoDB: Not using CPU crc32 instructions

2014-03-26 22:21:19 6916 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M

2014-03-26 22:21:19 6916 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool

2014-03-26 22:21:19 6916 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.

2014-03-26 22:21:20 6916 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.

2014-03-26 22:21:20 6916 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start

2014-03-26 22:21:20 6916 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.16 started; log sequence number 1625977

2014-03-26 22:21:20 6916 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: e6f98904-b4f1-11e3-9ec5-904ce5e379cc.

2014-03-26 22:21:20 6916 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): ‘*‘; port: 3311

2014-03-26 22:21:20 6916 [Note] IPv6 is available.

2014-03-26 22:21:20 6916 [Note] - ‘::‘ resolves to ‘::‘;

2014-03-26 22:21:20 6916 [Note] Server socket created on IP: ‘::‘.

2014-03-26 22:21:21 6916 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events

2014-03-26 22:21:21 6916 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections.

Version: ‘5.6.16‘ socket: ‘‘ port: 3311 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

7.将slave连接到master上

现在创建基本的复制只剩最后一步了：将slave指向master，让它知道从哪里进行复制，为此你需要知道master的4个信息：主机名，主机端口号，主机数据库用户，主机数据库帐号密码，因为创建master的时候已经创建了一个复制用户，因此在slave节点上执行如下指令：

mysql> change master to master_host=‘localhost‘,master_port=3310,master_user=‘repl_user‘,master_password=‘111111‘;

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.45 sec)

mysql>

mysql> start slave;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

mysql>

8.常见问题排查

执行如上命令后，输出如下信息：

2014-03-26 23:11:23 6916 [ERROR] Slave I/O: error connecting to master ‘repl_user@localhost:3310‘ - retry-time: 60 retries: 1, Error_code: 1045

这个说明slave和master之间的链接没有建立成功，这个时候多半是添加了新用户repl_user后，没有生效导致

在master上执行flush privileges;来将新建的用户及权限生效

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MySQL主从复制配置-windows单机环境

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