使用抽象类应该注意的几个要点:
- 包含一个或者多个抽象方法的类必须被声明为抽象类.
- 将类声明为抽象类,不一定含有抽象方法.
- 通常认为,在抽象类中不应该包括具体方法,建议尽量将通用的域和方法放在超类中.
- 抽象类不可以被实例化.即不能创建这个类的对象
实例代码:
import java.util.*; /** * This program demonstrates abstract classes. * @version 1.01 2004-02-21 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class PersonTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Person[] people = new Person[2]; // fill the people array with Student and Employee objects people[0] = new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1); people[1] = new Student("Maria Morris", "computer science"); // print out names and descriptions of all Person objects for (Person p : people) System.out.println(p.getName() + ", " + p.getDescription()); } } abstract class Person { public Person(String n) { name = n; } public abstract String getDescription(); public String getName() { return name; } private String name; } class Employee extends Person { public Employee(String n, double s, int year, int month, int day) { super(n); salary = s; GregorianCalendar calendar = new GregorianCalendar(year, month - 1, day); hireDay = calendar.getTime(); } public double getSalary() { return salary; } public Date getHireDay() { return hireDay; } public String getDescription() { return String.format("an employee with a salary of $%.2f", salary); } public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) { double raise = salary * byPercent / 100; salary += raise; } private double salary; private Date hireDay; } class Student extends Person { /** * @param n the student‘s name * @param m the student‘s major */ public Student(String n, String m) { // pass n to superclass constructor super(n); major = m; } public String getDescription() { return "a student majoring in " + major; } private String major; }
在代码块:
for (Person p : people) System.out.println(p.getName() + ", " + p.getDescription());
中p.getDescription(),将引用具体子类的子类对象的方法.
不可以省略Person类中的getDescription(),原因是编译器只允许调用在类中声明的方法.