概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)

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概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY) :所有基本事件(elementary events)组成的集合

概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY),  概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY) :集族(family)

一个集族概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)被称为概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)代数(概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY),当它满足以下3个条件:

(1)(空集)概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY);

(2)(余集)概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY);

(3)(可数并)概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY).

//下文中的概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)均满足以上条件。


概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY): 在概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)上包含概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)的最小的σ代数,其中概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)的一族子集

概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)


可测空间(measurable space): 概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY) 

概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)可测集(F-measurable sets): 概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY) 的元素(代替events的说法)

Borel可测函数(Borel measurable function):概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)函数,若可测空间是概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)

Borel代数(Borel 概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY) ):概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY),即 取概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)中所有开集的集族

Borel集(Borel sets):Borel代数的元素


概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)可测(概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)):

(1)实值函数概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)

  若对于所有的概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY),有概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY).

(2)概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)

  若所有的元素概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)都是概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)可测的.

(3)示性函数(indicator function)概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)

  若概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)可测的,即概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY).

 

概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)可测(概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)):

  概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)都是可测空间,映射概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY),若对于所有的,有概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY).

 

//实变函数中的Lebesgue可测函数:定义在可测集上的,任意给定的概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY),有集合概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)是可测的. 


在可测空间概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)上的函数概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY),称为是概率测度(probability measure),当它满足以下2个条件:

(1)概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY);

(2)对于任何不相交的数列(disjoint sequence)概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY),有概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)

概率空间:概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)

概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)的完备集(the completion of 概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)):概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY),且概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)代数. 

概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)的完备空间(the completion of 概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)):概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)

概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY),则概率空间概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)完备的(complete). 


三大不等式:

(1)Holder’s inequality

概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY),则概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)

(2)Minkovski’s inequality

概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY),则概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)

(3)Chebyshev’s inequality

概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY),则概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)

// 概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)


收敛概念convergence concepts

(1)几乎处处收敛(converge to X almost surely or with probability 1)

        若存在一个概率为0(P-null)的集合概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY),使得概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY),在概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)上,in the usual sense,概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)收敛于概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)

(2)依概率收敛 / 随机收敛(converge to X stochastically or in probability)

        对于概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY), 当概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY),有概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)

(3)概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)阶矩收敛(converge to X in pth moment or in 概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)

        若概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)

(4)依分布收敛(converge to X in distribution)

        若对于所有定义在概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)上的实值连续有界函数概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY),有概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)

 

依概率收敛当且仅当每个子列有一个几乎处处收敛的子列. 

概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)的一个充分条件为对于一些概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)


Doob-Dynkin lemma

两个给定的函数概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY),则概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)可测当且仅当存在Borel可测函数概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY)使得概率论的基本概念(BASIC NOTATIONS OF PROBABILITY THEORY).

Monotonic convergence theorem单调收敛定理

Dominated convergence theorem控制收敛定理

Borel-Cantelli’s lemma


参考文献:STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS and APPICATION(Second Edition)  Xuerong Mao

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