对于PyQt5+QML+Python3混合编程,如何实现PyQt5与QML响应彼此发送的信号,这是一个棘手的问题。
大抵有如下五种方式:
(要运行下面五个例子,千万不能在eric6中运行,会报错。错误信息是:qml-test.py文件的第一个字符是无效的标识符)
(1)QML显式的调用Python函数,无返回值
#文件名:qml-test.py
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#文件名:test.qml
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#!/usr/bin/env python ''' (1)QML显式的调用Python函数 定义一个类,并继承QtCore.QObject对象,并使用@修饰符修饰pyqtSlot 创建rootContext对象,并使用setContextProperty(string, object)注册对象,
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import QtQuick 2.0 Rectangle { width: 320; height: 240 color: "lightblue" Text { id: txt text: "Clicked me" font.pixelSize: 20 anchors.centerIn: parent } MouseArea { id: mouse_area anchors.fill: parent // 有效区域 onClicked: { con.outputString("Hello, Python3") //QML显式的调用Python函数 } } }
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(2)QML显式的调用Python函数,有返回值
#文件名:qml-test2.py
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#文件名:test2.qml
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#!/usr/bin/env python ''' (2)QML显式的调用Python函数,并有返回 这个例子跟上一个相类似,只是这次调用Python的函数具有返回值功能。 运行程序后,点击鼠标,左上角会显示数字30。 ''' from PyQt5.QtCore import QUrl, QObject, pyqtSlot from PyQt5.QtGui import QGuiApplication from PyQt5.QtQuick import QQuickView class MyClass(QObject): @pyqtSlot(int, result=str) # 声明为槽,输入参数为int类型,返回值为str类型 def returnValue(self, value): return str(value+10) if __name__ == '__main__': path = 'test2.qml' # 加载的QML文件 app = QGuiApplication([]) view = QQuickView() con = MyClass() context = view.rootContext() context.setContextProperty("con", con) view.engine().quit.connect(app.quit) view.setSource(QUrl(path)) view.show() app.exec_()
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import QtQuick 2.0 Rectangle { id: root width: 320; height: 240 color: "lightgray" Text { id: txt text: "Clicked me" font.pixelSize: 20 anchors.centerIn: parent } Text { id: txt1 text: "..." font.pixelSize: 20 } MouseArea { id: mouse_area anchors.fill: parent // 有效区域 onClicked: { console.log("test...") // 控制台打印信息 txt1.text = con.returnValue(20) //QML显式的调用Python函数 } } }
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(3)QML连接信号到Python
#文件名:qml-test3.py
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#文件名:test3.qml
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#!/usr/bin/env python ''' (3)QML连接信号到Python 当QML触发事件的时候,发射一个信号给Python,此时Python调用一个函数。 先在QML中定义一个信号, 然后在捕获事件的时候,发射信号, 最后Python中创建一个rootObject对象,然后连接这个对象, 这个例子中,当点击鼠标的时候,控制台会打印信息。 ''' from PyQt5.QtCore import QUrl from PyQt5.QtGui import QGuiApplication from PyQt5.QtQuick import QQuickView def outputString(string): print(string) if __name__ == '__main__': path = 'test3.qml' # 加载的QML文件 app = QGuiApplication([]) view = QQuickView() view.engine().quit.connect(app.quit) view.setSource(QUrl(path)) view.show() context = view.rootObject() context.sendClicked.connect(outputString) # 连接QML信号sendCLicked app.exec_()
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import QtQuick 2.0 Rectangle { id: root width: 320; height: 240 color: "lightgray" signal sendClicked(string str) // 定义信号 Text { id: txt text: "Clicked me" font.pixelSize: 20 anchors.centerIn: parent } MouseArea { id: mouse_area anchors.fill: parent //有效区域 onClicked: { root.sendClicked("Hello, Python3")//发射信号到Python } } }
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(4)Python调用QML函数
#文件名:qml-test4.py
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#文件名:test4.qml
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- ''' (4)Python调用QML函数 QML中创建一个函数, Python中创建一个rootObject对象,并连接这个函数, 例子中,每隔1s,指针会旋转45 deg;。 ''' from PyQt5.QtCore import QUrl, QTimer from PyQt5.QtGui import QGuiApplication from PyQt5.QtQuick import QQuickView if __name__ == '__main__': path = 'test4.qml' # 加载的QML文件 app = QGuiApplication([]) view = QQuickView() view.engine().quit.connect(app.quit) view.setSource(QUrl(path)) view.show() timer = QTimer() timer.start(2000) root = view.rootObject() timer.timeout.connect(root.updateRotater) # 调用QML函数 app.exec_()
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import QtQuick 2.0 Rectangle { id: page width: 500; height: 200 color: "lightgray" function updateRotater() {// 定义函数 rotater.angle += 5 } Rectangle { id: rotater property real angle : 0 x: 240; y: 95 width: 100; height: 5 color: "black" transform: Rotation { origin.x: 10; origin.y: 5 angle: rotater.angle } } }
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(5)信号/槽 机制
#文件名:qml-test5.py
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#文件名:test5.qml
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from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtProperty, pyqtSignal, pyqtSlot, QRectF, Qt, QUrl from PyQt5.QtGui import QColor, QGuiApplication, QPainter, QPen from PyQt5.QtQml import qmlRegisterType from PyQt5.QtQuick import QQuickPaintedItem, QQuickView class PieChart(QQuickPaintedItem): chartCleared = pyqtSignal() # 定义信号 @pyqtProperty(str) def name(self): return self._name @name.setter def name(self, name): self._name = name @pyqtProperty(QColor) def color(self): return self._color @color.setter def color(self, color): self._color = QColor(color) def __init__(self, parent=None): super(PieChart, self).__init__(parent) self._name = '' self._color = QColor() def paint(self, painter): painter.setPen(QPen(self._color, 2)) painter.setRenderHints(QPainter.Antialiasing, True) rect = QRectF(0, 0, self.width(), self.height()).adjusted(1, 1, -1, -1) painter.drawPie(rect, 90 * 16, 290 * 16) @pyqtSlot() def clearChart(self): self.color = QColor(Qt.transparent) self.update() self.chartCleared.emit() # 发射信号 if __name__ == '__main__': import os import sys app = QGuiApplication(sys.argv) qmlRegisterType(PieChart, "Charts", 1, 0, "PieChart") view = QQuickView() view.setResizeMode(QQuickView.SizeRootObjectToView) view.setSource( QUrl.fromLocalFile( os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__),'tes5.qml'))) view.show() sys.exit(app.exec_())
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import Charts 1.0 import QtQuick 2.0 Item { width: 300; height: 200 PieChart { id: aPieChart anchors.centerIn: parent width: 100; height: 100 color: "red" onChartCleared: console.log("The chart has been cleared") //槽 } MouseArea { anchors.fill: parent onClicked: aPieChart.clearChart() } Text { anchors { bottom: parent.bottom; horizontalCenter: parent.horizontalCenter; bottomMargin: 20 } text: "Click anywhere to clear the chart" } }
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参考:
【QML与Python通信】
http://my.oschina.net/u/1275030/blog/186341
【Connecting QML signals in PySide】
http://qt-project.org/wiki/Connecting_QML_Signals_in_PySide
【PyQt 5.1.1 Reference Guide -> Support for Signals and Slots】:
http://pyqt.sourceforge.net/Docs/PyQt5/signals_slots.html?highlight=pyqtslot#PyQt5.QtCore.pyqtSlot