python爬虫入门与综合应用

2022-03-10 06:26:32

1.练习一：百度首页进行数据

import requests
# 发出http请求
re=requests.get("https://www.baidu.com")
# 查看响应状态
print(re.status_code)
#输出：200
#200就是响应的状态码，表示请求成功
#我们可以通过res.status_code的值来判断请求是否成功。

2.用爬虫下载孔乙己的文章，网址【https://apiv3.shanbay.com/codetime/articles/mnvdu】

import requests
# 发出http请求
re = requests.get('https://apiv3.shanbay.com/codetime/articles/mnvdu')
# 查看响应状态
print('网页的状态码为%s'%re.status_code)
with open('鲁迅文章.txt', 'w') as file:
  # 将数据的字符串形式写入文件中
  print('正在爬取小说')
  file.write(re.text)

3.下载dataware的logo：
【re.content用于图片、视频、音频等内容的获取、下载】

import requests
# 发出http请求
#下载图片
res=requests.get('https://www.icode9.com/i/ll/?i=20210424184053989.PNG')
# 以二进制写入的方式打开一个名为 info.jpg 的文件
with open('datawhale.png','wb') as ff:
    # 将数据的二进制形式写入文件中
    ff.write(res.content)

4.用 BeautifulSoup解析HTML网页
我们来解析豆瓣读书 Top250

import io
import sys
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
###运行出现乱码时可以修改编码方式
#sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdout.buffer,encoding='gb18030')
###
headers = {
  'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.132 Safari/537.36'
}
res = requests.get('https://book.douban.com/top250', headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, 'lxml')
print(soup)

5.自如公寓数据抓取

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import random
import time
import csv
user_agent = [
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:38.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/38.0",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; InfoPath.3; rv:11.0) like Gecko",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1",
    "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11",
    "Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_0) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Maxthon 2.0)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; TencentTraveler 4.0)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; The World)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Avant Browser)"]

#爬取自如前50页
def get_info():
    csvheader=['名称','面积','朝向','户型','位置','楼层','是否有电梯','建成时间',' 门锁','绿化']
    with open('wuhan_ziru.csv', 'a+', newline='') as csvfile:
        writer  = csv.writer(csvfile)
        writer.writerow(csvheader)
        for i in range(1,50):  #总共有50页
            print('正在爬取自如第%s页'%i)
            timelist=[1,2,3]
            print('有点累了，需要休息一下啦（￢㉨￢）')
            time.sleep(random.choice(timelist))   #休息1-3秒，防止给对方服务器过大的压力！！！
            url='https://wh.ziroom.com/z/p%s/'%i
            headers = {'User-Agent': random.choice(user_agent)}
            r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
            r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
            soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text, 'lxml')
            all_info = soup.find_all('div', class_='info-box')
            print('开始干活咯(๑>؂<๑）')
            for info in all_info:
                href = info.find('a')
                if href !=None:
                    href='https:'+href['href']
                    try:
                        print('正在爬取%s'%href)
                        house_info=get_house_info(href)
                        writer.writerow(house_info)
                    except:
                        print('出错啦，%s进不去啦( •̥́ ˍ •̀ू )'%href)

def get_info():
    csvheader=['名称','面积','朝向','户型','位置','楼层','是否有电梯','建成时间',' 门锁','绿化']
    with open('wuhan_ziru.csv', 'a+', newline='') as csvfile:
        writer  = csv.writer(csvfile)
        writer.writerow(csvheader)
        for i in range(1,50):  #总共有50页
            print('正在爬取自如第%s页'%i)
            timelist=[1,2,3]
            print('有点累了，需要休息一下啦（￢㉨￢）')
            time.sleep(random.choice(timelist))   #休息1-3秒，防止给对方服务器过大的压力！！！
            url='https://wh.ziroom.com/z/p%s/'%i
            headers = {'User-Agent': random.choice(user_agent)}
            r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
            r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
            soup = BeautifulSoup(r.text, 'lxml')
            all_info = soup.find_all('div', class_='info-box')
            print('开始干活咯(๑>؂<๑）')
            for info in all_info:
                href = info.find('a')
                if href !=None:
                    href='https:'+href['href']
                    try:
                        print('正在爬取%s'%href)
                        house_info=get_house_info(href)
                        writer.writerow(house_info)
                    except:
                        print('出错啦，%s进不去啦( •̥́ ˍ •̀ू )'%href)

def get_house_info(href):
    #得到房屋的信息
    time.sleep(1)
    headers = {'User-Agent': random.choice(user_agent)}
    response = requests.get(url=href, headers=headers)
    response=response.content.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
    soup = BeautifulSoup(response, 'lxml')
    name = soup.find('h1', class_='Z_name').text
    sinfo=soup.find('div', class_='Z_home_b clearfix').find_all('dd')
    area=sinfo[0].text
    orien=sinfo[1].text
    area_type=sinfo[2].text
    dinfo=soup.find('ul',class_='Z_home_o').find_all('li')
    location=dinfo[0].find('span',class_='va').text
    loucen=dinfo[1].find('span',class_='va').text
    dianti=dinfo[2].find('span',class_='va').text
    niandai=dinfo[3].find('span',class_='va').text
    mensuo=dinfo[4].find('span',class_='va').text
    lvhua=dinfo[5].find('span',class_='va').text
    ['名称','面积','朝向','户型','位置','楼层','是否有电梯','建成时间',' 门锁','绿化']
    room_info=[name,area,orien,area_type,location,loucen,dianti,niandai,mensuo,lvhua]
    return room_info

if __name__ == '__main__':
    get_info()

6.36kr信息抓取与邮件发送

import requests
import random
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import smtplib  # 发送邮件模块
from email.mime.text import MIMEText  # 定义邮件内容
from email.header import Header  # 定义邮件标题

smtpserver = 'smtp.qq.com'

# 发送邮箱用户名密码
user = ''
password = ''

# 发送和接收邮箱
sender = ''
receive = ''

user_agent = [
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:38.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/38.0",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/7.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; InfoPath.3; rv:11.0) like Gecko",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1",
    "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11",
    "Opera/9.80 (Windows NT 6.1; U; en) Presto/2.8.131 Version/11.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_0) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Maxthon 2.0)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; TencentTraveler 4.0)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; The World)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Avant Browser)"]

def main():
    print('正在爬取数据')
    url = 'https://36kr.com/newsflashes'
    headers = {'User-Agent': random.choice(user_agent)}
    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    response=response.content.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
    soup = BeautifulSoup(response, 'lxml')
    news = soup.find_all('a', class_='item-title')  
    news_list=[]
    for i in news:
        title=i.get_text()
        href='https://36kr.com'+i['href']
        news_list.append(title+'<br>'+href)
    info='<br></br>'.join(news_list)
    print('正在发送信息')
    send_email(info)

def send_email(content):
    # 通过QQ邮箱发送
    title='36kr快讯'
    subject = title
    msg = MIMEText(content, 'html', 'utf-8')
    msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
    msg['From'] = sender
    msg['To'] = receive
    # SSL协议端口号要使用465
    smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtpserver, 465)  # 这里是服务器端口！
    # HELO 向服务器标识用户身份
    smtp.helo(smtpserver)
    # 服务器返回结果确认
    smtp.ehlo(smtpserver)
    # 登录邮箱服务器用户名和密码
    smtp.login(user, password)
    smtp.sendmail(sender, receive, msg.as_string())
    smtp.quit()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

注：源自dataware：Datawhale自动化办公课程

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