glusterfs部署及卷类型使用
一、环境说明
| hostname | IP | disk | role |
|---|---|---|---|
| gluster-node1 | 192.168.99.251 | /dev/sdb、/dev/sdc、/dev/sdd | server、client |
| gluster-node12 | 192.168.99.252 | /dev/sdb、/dev/sdc、/dev/sdd | server、client |
| gluster-node13 | 192.168.99.253 | /dev/sdb、/dev/sdc、/dev/sdd | server、client |
二、GlusterFS安装
2.1 修改主机名
| $ hostnamectl set-hostname gluster-node1 | |
| $ hostnamectl set-hostname gluster-node2 | |
| $ hostnamectl set-hostname gluster-node3 |
2.2 添加host解析
| $ cat >> /etc/hosts <<EOF | |
| 192.168.99.251 gluster-node1 | |
| 192.168.99.252 gluster-node2 | |
| 192.168.99.253 gluster-node3 | |
| EOF | |
| $ scp /etc/hosts root@gluster-node2:/etc/hosts | |
| $ scp /etc/hosts root@gluster-node3:/etc/hosts |
2.3 关闭SELinux、防火墙
| $ setenforce 0 && sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux | |
| $ systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld |
2.4 glusterfs调优参数（可选）
| $ echo "vm.vfs_cache_pressure = 150" >> /etc/sysctl.conf | |
| $ echo "vm.swappiness = 0" >> /etc/sysctl.conf | |
| $ sysctl -p | |
| $ tuned-adm profile throughput-performance | |
| $ cat >> /var/lib/glusterd/groups/file-cache <<EOF | |
| performance.flush-behind=on | |
| performance.write-behind=on | |
| client.event-threads=8 | |
| server.event-threads=4 | |
| performance.client-io-threads=on | |
| io-thread-count=32 | |
| network.tcp-window-size=1048576 | |
| performance.write-behind-window-size=128MB | |
| server.outstanding-rpc-limit=128 | |
| performance.parallel-readdir=on | |
| lookup-optimize=on | |
| performance.cache-size=4096MB | |
| performance.rda-cache-limit=100MB | |
| nfs.mem-factor=150 | |
| performance.nfs.io-threads=on | |
| performance.nfs.stat-prefetch=on | |
| features.cache-invalidation=on | |
| features.cache-invalidation-timeout=600 | |
| performance.stat-prefetch=on | |
| performance.cache-invalidation=on | |
| performance.md-cache-timeout=600 | |
| network.inode-lru-limit=50000 | |
| cluster.server-quorum-type=server | |
| cluster.quorum-type=auto | |
| cluster.favorite-child-policy=mtime | |
| network.ping-timeout=5 | |
| EOF | |
| # 编辑该文件需使用以下命令关联到卷上，否则没什么意义 | |
| $ gluster volume set gv1 group file-cache |
2.5 安装epel源
| $ yum install epel-release -y |
2.6 安装glusterfs源
| $ yum install centos-release-gluster -y |
2.7 安装glusterfs
| $ yum install glusterfs-server -y |
三、GlusterFS配置
| $ glusterfs -V # 查看glusterfs版本信息 | |
| glusterfs 7.7 | |
| $ systemctl start glusterd && systemctl enable glusterd | |
| # 启动gluster服务 |
在开始创建ClusterFS卷之前，需要创建一个称之为Trusted Storage的池，是一个可信的网络存储服务器，可以理解为集群。为卷提供bricks。
gluster peer probe<主机名或者IP地址>，建议是IP地址，或者内网用DNS做主机名解析，或者在/etc/hosts做好绑定。
3.1 添加GlusterFS对等体
| $ gluster peer probe gluster-node2 | |
| peer probe: success. | |
| $ gluster peer probe gluster-node3 | |
| peer probe: success. | |
| # 注意不要添加本地的服务器。这里在gluster-node1上操作，所以不需要添加gluster-node1 |
3.2 删除GlusterFS对等体
| $ gluster peer detach gluster-node2 | |
| peer detach: success. |
3.3 查看对等体状态
| $ gluster peer status | |
| Number of Peers: 2 | |
| Hostname: gluster-node2 | |
| Uuid: 5faada9a-1168-4a4d-bbb2-decf5b63990e | |
| State: Peer in Cluster (Connected) | |
| Hostname: gluster-node3 | |
| Uuid: 0ba4f9f4-4cc5-4362-ac41-4941285cedbb | |
| State: Peer in Cluster (Connected) | |
| #在glutser-node2上查看 | |
| $ gluster peer status | |
| Number of Peers: 2 | |
| Hostname: gluster-node1 | |
| Uuid: 6899d47f-1ce0-4c37-a6cb-fcd0defbb85f | |
| State: Peer in Cluster (Connected) | |
| Hostname: gluster-node3 | |
| Uuid: 0ba4f9f4-4cc5-4362-ac41-4941285cedbb | |
| State: Peer in Cluster (Connected) |
3.4 配置前准备工作
在各个节点上增加磁盘/dev/sdd，在gluster-node2和gluster-node3上都执行以下步骤：
| $ mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdd | |
| meta-data=/dev/sdd isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks | |
| = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 | |
| = crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0 | |
| data = bsize=4096 blocks=262144, imaxpct=25 | |
| = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks | |
| naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 | |
| log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 | |
| = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 | |
| realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 | |
| $ mkdir -p /storage/brick1 | |
| $ mount /dev/sdd /storage/brick1 | |
| $ df -h | |
| Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on | |
| /dev/sda2 20G 1.5G 19G 8% / | |
| devtmpfs 483M 0 483M 0% /dev | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm | |
| tmpfs 493M 6.8M 486M 2% /run | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup | |
| /dev/sda1 197M 97M 100M 50% /boot | |
| tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0 | |
| /dev/sdd 1014M 33M 982M 4% /storage/brick1 | |
| $ echo "/dev/sdd /storage/brick1 xfs default 0 0" >> /etc/fstab |
3.5创建volume及其他操作
-
Distributed:分布式卷，文件通过hash算法随机的分不到bricks组成的卷上。
-
Replicated：复制卷，类似raid1，replica数必须等于volume中brick所包含的存储服务器数，可用性高。
-
striped：条带式卷，类似raid0，stripe数必须等于volume中brick所包含的存储服务器数，文件会被分成数据块，以Round Robin的方式存储在bricks中，并发粒度是数据块，大文件性能好。
-
Distributed striped：分布式条带卷，volume中brick所包含的存储服务器必须是stripe的倍数（>=2倍），兼顾分布式和条带式的功能。
-
Distributed Replicated：分布式的复制卷，volume中brick所包含的存储服务器数必须是replica的倍数（>=2倍），兼顾分布式和复制式的功能。
-
Stripe Replicated：条带复制卷，volume中brick所包含的存储服务器数必须是stripe和replica的倍数（>=2倍），兼顾条带式和复制式的功能。
-
Distributed Stripe Replicated：分布式条带复制卷，按需存储服务器数量必须是222=8共8台，兼顾分布式，条带式和复制式的功能，此处使用了3台服务器，8块硬盘，不尽完美！
创建各种卷语法格式：
| volume create <NEW-VOLNAME> [stripe <COUNT>] [replica <COUNT> [arbiter <COUNT>]] [disperse [<COUNT>]] [disperse-data <COUNT>] [redundancy <COUNT>] [transport <tcp|rdma|tcp,rdma>] <NEW-BRICK>?<vg_name>... [force] |
下面逐一演示7种卷的使用：
- （1）创建分布式卷
分布式卷架构示意图：
默认模式，既DHT, 也叫 分布卷: 将文件已hash算法随机分布到 一台服务器节点中存储。如：
gluster volume create test-volume server1:/exp1 server2:/exp2
| （1）查看创建命令的帮助 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume create -h | |
| Usage: | |
| volume create <NEW-VOLNAME> [stripe <COUNT>] [replica <COUNT> [arbiter <COUNT>]] [disperse [<COUNT>]] [disperse-data <COUNT>] [redundancy <COUNT>] [transport <tcp|rdma|tcp,rdma>] <NEW-BRICK>?<vg_name>... [force] | |
| （2）创建卷gv1 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume create gv1 gluster-node1:/storage/brick1 gluster-node2:/storage/brick1 force #创建卷gv1，并将gluster-node1和gluster-node2上的/dev/sdb合并空间 | |
| volume create: gv1: success: please start the volume to access data | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume start gv1 #启动gv1卷 | |
| volume start: gv1: success | |
| [root@gluster-node3 ~]# gluster volume info #在glutser-node3上查看volume信息 | |
| Volume Name: gv1 | |
| Type: Distribute | |
| Volume ID: 5773c33b-2371-419a-a753-de89063f4e23 | |
| Status: Started | |
| Snapshot Count: 0 | |
| Number of Bricks: 2 | |
| Transport-type: tcp | |
| Bricks: | |
| Brick1: gluster-node1:/storage/brick1 | |
| Brick2: gluster-node2:/storage/brick1 | |
| Options Reconfigured: | |
| transport.address-family: inet | |
| nfs.disable: on | |
| （3）挂载数据卷 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# mkdir /gv1 #创建挂载目录 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# mount -t glusterfs 127.0.0.1:/gv1 /gv1 #挂载gv1卷 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# df -h #查看挂载信息 | |
| Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on | |
| /dev/sda2 20G 1.5G 19G 8% / | |
| devtmpfs 483M 0 483M 0% /dev | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm | |
| tmpfs 493M 6.8M 486M 2% /run | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup | |
| /dev/sda1 197M 97M 100M 50% /boot | |
| tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0 | |
| /dev/sdb 1014M 33M 982M 4% /storage/brick1 | |
| 127.0.0.1:/gv1 2.0G 85M 1.9G 5% /gv1 #可以看到挂载在gv1目录下的gv1卷磁盘大小为2个G，是gluster-node1和gluster-node2合并一起的磁盘大小 | |
| [root@gluster-node2 ~]# mkdir /gv1 #在gluster-node2上同样创建挂载目录 | |
| [root@gluster-node2 ~]# mount -t glusterfs 127.0.0.1:/gv1 /gv1 #在gluster-node2上挂载gv1卷 | |
| [root@gluster-node2 ~]# df -h | |
| Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on | |
| /dev/sda2 20G 1.3G 19G 7% / | |
| devtmpfs 483M 0 483M 0% /dev | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm | |
| tmpfs 493M 6.8M 486M 2% /run | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup | |
| /dev/sda1 197M 97M 100M 50% /boot | |
| tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0 | |
| /dev/sdb 1014M 33M 982M 4% /storage/brick1 | |
| 127.0.0.1:/gv1 2.0G 85M 1.9G 5% /gv1 | |
| [root@gluster-node3 ~]# mkdir /gv1 | |
| [root@gluster-node3 ~]# mount -t glusterfs 127.0.0.1:/gv1 /gv1 | |
| [root@gluster-node3 ~]# df -h | |
| Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on | |
| /dev/sda3 28G 1.6G 27G 6% / | |
| devtmpfs 483M 0 483M 0% /dev | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm | |
| tmpfs 493M 6.8M 486M 2% /run | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup | |
| /dev/sda1 197M 97M 100M 50% /boot | |
| tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0 | |
| /dev/sdb 1014M 33M 982M 4% /storage/brick1 | |
| 127.0.0.1:/gv1 2.0G 85M 1.9G 5% /gv1 | |
| （4）测试在gluster-node1上写入数据，看挂载在gluster-node2和gluster-node3是否有同样的数据 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 gv1]# touch 1.txt 2.txt 3.txt | |
| [root@gluster-node1 gv1]# ll | |
| total 0 | |
| -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Aug 5 06:33 1.txt | |
| -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Aug 5 06:33 2.txt | |
| -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Aug 5 06:33 3.txt | |
| [root@gluster-node2 ~]# ll /gv1/ | |
| total 0 | |
| -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 5 2018 1.txt | |
| -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 5 2018 2.txt | |
| -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 5 2018 3.txt | |
| [root@gluster-node3 ~]# ll /gv1/ | |
| total 0 | |
| -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 4 18:33 1.txt | |
| -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 4 18:33 2.txt | |
| -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 4 18:33 3.txt |
- （2）创建复制卷
复制卷的架构示意图：
复制模式，既AFR, 创建volume 时带 replica x 数量: 将文件复制到 replica x 个节点中。如：
*gluster volume create test-volume replica 2 transport tcp server1:/exp1 server2:/exp2*
| （1）将gluster-node1和gluster-node2上的/dev/sdc格式化并挂载到/storage/brick2 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdc | |
| meta-data=/dev/sdc isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks | |
| = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 | |
| = crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0 | |
| data = bsize=4096 blocks=262144, imaxpct=25 | |
| = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks | |
| naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 | |
| log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 | |
| = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 | |
| realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# mkdir -p /storage/brick2 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# mount /dev/sdc /storage/brick2 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# df -h | |
| Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on | |
| /dev/sda2 20G 1.5G 19G 8% / | |
| devtmpfs 483M 0 483M 0% /dev | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm | |
| tmpfs 493M 6.8M 486M 2% /run | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup | |
| /dev/sda1 197M 97M 100M 50% /boot | |
| tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0 | |
| /dev/sdb 1014M 33M 982M 4% /storage/brick1 | |
| 127.0.0.1:/gv1 2.0G 85M 1.9G 5% /gv1 | |
| /dev/sdc 1014M 33M 982M 4% /storage/brick2 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# echo "/dev/sdc /storage/brick2 xfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab | |
| （2）创建复制卷 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume create gv2 replica 2 gluster-node1:/storage/brick2 gluster-node2:/storage/brick2 force | |
| volume create: gv2: success: please start the volume to access data | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume start gv2 #启动volume gv2 | |
| volume start: gv2: success | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume info | |
| Volume Name: gv1 | |
| Type: Distribute #gv1为分布卷 | |
| Volume ID: 5773c33b-2371-419a-a753-de89063f4e23 | |
| Status: Started | |
| Snapshot Count: 0 | |
| Number of Bricks: 2 | |
| Transport-type: tcp | |
| Bricks: | |
| Brick1: gluster-node1:/storage/brick1 | |
| Brick2: gluster-node2:/storage/brick1 | |
| Options Reconfigured: | |
| transport.address-family: inet | |
| nfs.disable: off | |
| Volume Name: gv2 | |
| Type: Replicate #可以看到gv2为复制卷 | |
| Volume ID: aee56c69-2c33-455d-8da0-aa4591a25065 | |
| Status: Started | |
| Snapshot Count: 0 | |
| Number of Bricks: 1 x 2 = 2 | |
| Transport-type: tcp | |
| Bricks: | |
| Brick1: gluster-node1:/storage/brick2 | |
| Brick2: gluster-node2:/storage/brick2 | |
| Options Reconfigured: | |
| transport.address-family: inet | |
| nfs.disable: on | |
| performance.client-io-threads: off | |
| （3）创建挂载目录/gv2并将gv2卷挂载 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# mkdir /gv2 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# mount -t glusterfs 127.0.0.1:/gv2 /gv2 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# df -h #查看挂载信息,可以看到gv2的磁盘空间大小为1G，为2块磁盘空间的一般，这就是复制卷，可用空间只有一半 | |
| Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on | |
| /dev/sda2 20G 1.5G 19G 8% / | |
| devtmpfs 483M 0 483M 0% /dev | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm | |
| tmpfs 493M 6.9M 486M 2% /run | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup | |
| /dev/sda1 197M 97M 100M 50% /boot | |
| tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0 | |
| /dev/sdb 1014M 33M 982M 4% /storage/brick1 | |
| 127.0.0.1:/gv1 2.0G 85M 1.9G 5% /gv1 | |
| /dev/sdc 1014M 33M 982M 4% /storage/brick2 | |
| 127.0.0.1:/gv2 1014M 43M 972M 5% /gv2 | |
| （4）在挂载目录/gv2下创建文件测试 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# cd /gv2/ | |
| [root@gluster-node1 gv2]# touch file1 file2 file3 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 gv2]# ls | |
| file1 file2 file3 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 gv2]# ls /storage/brick2/ | |
| file1 file2 file3 | |
| [root@gluster-node2 ~]# ls /storage/brick2/ | |
| file1 file2 file3 | |
| 可以看到创建的文件在gluster-node1和gluster-node2上磁盘挂载目录/storage/brick2目录中的文件是一样的，那么在gluster-node3上挂载后再创建测试 | |
| [root@gluster-node3 ~]# mkdir /gv2 | |
| [root@gluster-node3 ~]# mount -t glusterfs 127.0.0.1:/gv2 /gv2 | |
| [root@gluster-node3 ~]# df -h | |
| Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on | |
| /dev/sda3 28G 1.6G 27G 6% / | |
| devtmpfs 483M 0 483M 0% /dev | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm | |
| tmpfs 493M 6.8M 486M 2% /run | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup | |
| /dev/sda1 197M 97M 100M 50% /boot | |
| tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0 | |
| /dev/sdb 1014M 33M 982M 4% /storage/brick1 | |
| 127.0.0.1:/gv2 1014M 43M 972M 5% /gv2 | |
| [root@gluster-node3 ~]# cd /gv2/ | |
| [root@gluster-node3 gv2]# touch file4 | |
| [root@gluster-node2 ~]# ls /storage/brick2/ | |
| file1 file2 file3 file4 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 gv2]# ls | |
| file1 file2 file3 file4 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 gv2]# ls /storage/brick2/ | |
| file1 file2 file3 file4 | |
| 也可以看到gluster-node1和gluster-node2磁盘挂载目录/storage/brick2的文件是一样的 |
- （3）创建条带卷
条带卷架构示意图：
条带模式，既Striped, 创建volume 时带 stripe x 数量： 将文件切割成数据块，分别存储到 stripe x 个节点中 ( 类似raid 0 )。如：
*gluster volume create test-volume stripe 2 transport tcp server1:/exp1 server2:/exp2*
| （1）格式化gluster-node1和gluster-node2上的磁盘/dev/sdd并挂载到/storage/brick3 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/sdd | |
| meta-data=/dev/sdd isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=65536 blks | |
| = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 | |
| = crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0 | |
| data = bsize=4096 blocks=262144, imaxpct=25 | |
| = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks | |
| naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 | |
| log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2 | |
| = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 | |
| realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# mkdir -p /storage/brick3 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# mount /dev/sdd /storage/brick3 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# echo "/dev/sdd /storage/brick3 xfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab | |
| （2）创建条带卷 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume create gv3 stripe 2 gluster-node1:/storage/brick3 gluster-node2:/storage/brick3 force | |
| volume create: gv3: success: please start the volume to access data | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume info | |
| Volume Name: gv1 | |
| Type: Distribute | |
| Volume ID: 5773c33b-2371-419a-a753-de89063f4e23 | |
| Status: Started | |
| Snapshot Count: 0 | |
| Number of Bricks: 2 | |
| Transport-type: tcp | |
| Bricks: | |
| Brick1: gluster-node1:/storage/brick1 | |
| Brick2: gluster-node2:/storage/brick1 | |
| Options Reconfigured: | |
| transport.address-family: inet | |
| nfs.disable: off | |
| Volume Name: gv2 | |
| Type: Replicate | |
| Volume ID: aee56c69-2c33-455d-8da0-aa4591a25065 | |
| Status: Started | |
| Snapshot Count: 0 | |
| Number of Bricks: 1 x 2 = 2 | |
| Transport-type: tcp | |
| Bricks: | |
| Brick1: gluster-node1:/storage/brick2 | |
| Brick2: gluster-node2:/storage/brick2 | |
| Options Reconfigured: | |
| transport.address-family: inet | |
| nfs.disable: on | |
| performance.client-io-threads: off | |
| Volume Name: gv3 | |
| Type: Stripe | |
| Volume ID: 4d3c3a88-0c3f-4b6f-a2ef-25ab599cb015 | |
| Status: Created | |
| Snapshot Count: 0 | |
| Number of Bricks: 1 x 2 = 2 | |
| Transport-type: tcp | |
| Bricks: | |
| Brick1: gluster-node1:/storage/brick3 | |
| Brick2: gluster-node2:/storage/brick3 | |
| Options Reconfigured: | |
| transport.address-family: inet | |
| nfs.disable: on | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume start gv3 | |
| volume start: gv3: success | |
| （3）创建挂载目录，并挂载 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# mkdir /gv3 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# mount -t glusterfs 127.0.0.1:/gv3 /gv3 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# df -h | |
| Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on | |
| /dev/sda2 20G 1.5G 19G 8% / | |
| devtmpfs 483M 0 483M 0% /dev | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm | |
| tmpfs 493M 6.8M 486M 2% /run | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup | |
| /dev/sda1 197M 97M 100M 50% /boot | |
| tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0 | |
| /dev/sdb 1014M 33M 982M 4% /storage/brick1 | |
| 127.0.0.1:/gv1 2.0G 85M 1.9G 5% /gv1 | |
| /dev/sdc 1014M 33M 982M 4% /storage/brick2 | |
| 127.0.0.1:/gv2 1014M 43M 972M 5% /gv2 | |
| /dev/sdd 1014M 33M 982M 4% /storage/brick3 | |
| 127.0.0.1:/gv3 2.0G 85M 1.9G 5% /gv3 | |
| （4）创建文件测试 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# cd /gv3/ | |
| [root@gluster-node1 gv3]# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1024 count=10000 of=/gv3/10M.file | |
| 10000+0 records in | |
| 10000+0 records out | |
| 10240000 bytes (10 MB) copied, 2.46812 s, 4.1 MB/s | |
| [root@gluster-node1 gv3]# ll | |
| total 10000 | |
| -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10240000 Aug 6 04:14 10M.file | |
| [root@gluster-node1 gv3]# ll -h | |
| total 9.8M | |
| -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9.8M Aug 6 04:14 10M.file | |
| [root@gluster-node1 gv3]# ll /storage/brick3/ #在gluster-node1实际存储目录中文件大小只有4.9M | |
| total 5008 | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 5128192 Aug 6 04:14 10M.file | |
| [root@gluster-node1 gv3]# ll -h /storage/brick3/ #在gluster-node1实际存储目录中文件大小只有4.9M | |
| total 4.9M | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 4.9M Aug 6 04:14 10M.file |
- （4）创建分布式+条带卷
分布式条带卷架构示意图：
分布式条带模式（组合型），最少需要4台服务器或者4块磁盘才能创建。 创建volume 时 stripe 2 server = 4 个节点： 是DHT 与 Striped 的组合型。如：
gluster volume create test-volume stripe 2 transport tcp server1:/exp1 server2:/exp2 server3:/exp3 server4:/exp4
| （1）停止前面的所有卷 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume stop gv1 | |
| Stopping volume will make its data inaccessible. Do you want to continue? (y/n) y | |
| volume stop: gv1: success | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume stop gv2 | |
| Stopping volume will make its data inaccessible. Do you want to continue? (y/n) y | |
| volume stop: gv2: success | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume stop gv3 | |
| Stopping volume will make its data inaccessible. Do you want to continue? (y/n) y | |
| volume stop: gv3: success | |
| （2）删除前面的所有卷 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume delete gv1 | |
| Deleting volume will erase all information about the volume. Do you want to continue? (y/n) y | |
| volume delete: gv1: success | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume delete gv2 | |
| Deleting volume will erase all information about the volume. Do you want to continue? (y/n) y | |
| volume delete: gv2: success | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume delete gv3 | |
| Deleting volume will erase all information about the volume. Do you want to continue? (y/n) y | |
| volume delete: gv3: success | |
| （3）创建分布式条带卷 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume create gv1 stripe 2 gluster-node1:/storage/brick1 gluster-node1:/storage/brick2 gluster-node2:/storage/brick1 gluster-node2:/storage/brick2 force | |
| volume create: gv1: success: please start the volume to access data | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume info | |
| Volume Name: gv1 | |
| Type: Distributed-Stripe #类型为分布式条带卷 | |
| Volume ID: 4e6a8ddd-8403-4eb7-bd28-9365164755e3 | |
| Status: Created | |
| Snapshot Count: 0 | |
| Number of Bricks: 2 x 2 = 4 | |
| Transport-type: tcp | |
| Bricks: | |
| Brick1: gluster-node1:/storage/brick1 | |
| Brick2: gluster-node1:/storage/brick2 | |
| Brick3: gluster-node2:/storage/brick1 | |
| Brick4: gluster-node2:/storage/brick2 | |
| Options Reconfigured: | |
| transport.address-family: inet | |
| nfs.disable: on | |
| （4）启动gv1卷，并挂载到/gv1 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume start gv1 | |
| volume start: gv1: success | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# mount -t glusterfs 127.0.0.1:/gv1 /gv1 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# df -h | |
| Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on | |
| /dev/sda2 20G 1.5G 19G 8% / | |
| devtmpfs 483M 0 483M 0% /dev | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm | |
| tmpfs 493M 6.8M 486M 2% /run | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup | |
| /dev/sda1 197M 97M 100M 50% /boot | |
| tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0 | |
| /dev/sdb 1014M 33M 982M 4% /storage/brick1 | |
| /dev/sdc 1014M 33M 982M 4% /storage/brick2 | |
| /dev/sdd 1014M 38M 977M 4% /storage/brick3 | |
| 127.0.0.1:/gv1 4.0G 170M 3.8G 5% /gv1 | |
| （5）测试创建文件，并查看实际存储信息 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# cd /gv1/ | |
| [root@gluster-node1 gv1]# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1024 count=10000 of=/gv1/10M.file | |
| 10000+0 records in | |
| 10000+0 records out | |
| 10240000 bytes (10 MB) copied, 1.94059 s, 5.3 MB/s | |
| [root@gluster-node1 gv1]# ll -h | |
| total 9.8M | |
| -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9.8M Aug 6 06:58 10M.file | |
| [root@gluster-node1 gv1]# ll -h /storage/brick1/ | |
| total 4.9M | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 4.9M Aug 6 06:58 10M.file | |
| [root@gluster-node1 gv1]# ll -h /storage/brick2/ | |
| total 4.9M | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 4.9M Aug 6 06:58 10M.file |
- （5）创建分布式+复制卷
分布式复制卷架构示意图：
分布式复制模式（组合型）, 最少需要4台服务器或者2台服务器4块磁盘才能创建。 创建volume 时 replica 2 server = 4 个节点：是DHT 与 AFR 的组合型。
gluster volume create test-volume replica 2 transport tcp server1:/exp1 server2:/exp2 server3:/exp3 server4:/exp4
| （1）卸载前面的分布式条带卷并删除 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# umount /gv1/ | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume stop gv1 | |
| Stopping volume will make its data inaccessible. Do you want to continue? (y/n) y | |
| volume stop: gv1: success | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume delete gv1 | |
| Deleting volume will erase all information about the volume. Do you want to continue? (y/n) y | |
| volume delete: gv1: success | |
| （2）创建分布式复制卷 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume create gv1 replica 2 gluster-node1:/storage/brick1/ gluster-node1:/storage/brick2 gluster-node2:/storage/brick1/ gluster-node2:/storage/brick2 force | |
| volume create: gv1: success: please start the volume to access data | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume info | |
| Volume Name: gv1 | |
| Type: Distributed-Replicate | |
| Volume ID: 86f110cb-5075-493e-b49a-d7458b3def79 | |
| Status: Created | |
| Snapshot Count: 0 | |
| Number of Bricks: 2 x 2 = 4 | |
| Transport-type: tcp | |
| Bricks: | |
| Brick1: gluster-node1:/storage/brick1 | |
| Brick2: gluster-node1:/storage/brick2 | |
| Brick3: gluster-node2:/storage/brick1 | |
| Brick4: gluster-node2:/storage/brick2 | |
| Options Reconfigured: | |
| transport.address-family: inet | |
| nfs.disable: on | |
| performance.client-io-threads: off | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume start gv1 | |
| volume start: gv1: success | |
| （3）挂载分布式复制卷/gv1 | |
| [root@gluster-node3 ~]# mount -t glusterfs 127.0.0.1:/gv1 /gv1 | |
| [root@gluster-node3 ~]# df -h | |
| Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on | |
| /dev/sda3 28G 1.7G 27G 6% / | |
| devtmpfs 483M 0 483M 0% /dev | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm | |
| tmpfs 493M 6.8M 486M 2% /run | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup | |
| /dev/sda1 197M 97M 100M 50% /boot | |
| tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0 | |
| /dev/sdb 1014M 33M 982M 4% /storage/brick1 | |
| 127.0.0.1:/gv1 2.0G 120M 1.9G 6% /gv1 | |
| （4）创建文件测试 | |
| [root@gluster-node3 gv1]# touch file1 file2 file3 | |
| [root@gluster-node3 gv1]# ls | |
| file1 file2 file3 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# ll /storage/brick1/ | |
| total 0 | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file3 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# ll /storage/brick2/ | |
| total 0 | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file3 | |
| [root@gluster-node2 ~]# ll /storage/brick1/ | |
| total 0 | |
| -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file1 | |
| -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file2 | |
| [root@gluster-node2 ~]# ll /storage/brick2/ | |
| total 0 | |
| -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file1 | |
| -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file2 | |
| 在gluster-node3上挂载并创建文件，查看在gluster-node1和gluster-node2的实际存储位置/storage/brick1、/storage/brick2可以看到在gluster-node1上存储了file1文件并且在其存储位置brick1和brick2都有该文件，实现了复制功能。同理在gluster-node2上也可以看到file2、file3的存储情况。 |
- （6）创建条带+复制卷
条带+复制卷*架构示意图：*
条带复制卷模式（组合型）, 最少需要4台服务器才能创建。 创建volume 时 stripe 2 replica 2 server = 4 个节点： 是 Striped 与 AFR 的组合型。
gluster volume create test-volume stripe 2 replica 2 transport tcp server1:/exp1 server2:/exp2 server3:/exp3 server4:/exp4
①卸载前面的分布式复制卷并删除
| [root@gluster-node3 ~]# umount /gv1 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume stop gv1 | |
| Stopping volume will make its data inaccessible. Do you want to continue? (y/n) y | |
| volume stop: gv1: success | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume delete gv1 | |
| Deleting volume will erase all information about the volume. Do you want to continue? (y/n) y | |
| volume delete: gv1: success |
②创建条带复制卷并启动
| root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume create gv1 stripe 2 replica 2 gluster-node1:/storage/brick1/ gluster-node1:/storage/brick2 gluster-node2:/storage/brick1/ gluster-node2:/storage/brick2 force | |
| volume create: gv1: success: please start the volume to access data | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume info | |
| Volume Name: gv1 | |
| Type: Striped-Replicate | |
| Volume ID: b65aa061-044d-4a54-ac16-725077c2a0b8 | |
| Status: Created | |
| Snapshot Count: 0 | |
| Number of Bricks: 1 x 2 x 2 = 4 | |
| Transport-type: tcp | |
| Bricks: | |
| Brick1: gluster-node1:/storage/brick1 | |
| Brick2: gluster-node1:/storage/brick2 | |
| Brick3: gluster-node2:/storage/brick1 | |
| Brick4: gluster-node2:/storage/brick2 | |
| Options Reconfigured: | |
| transport.address-family: inet | |
| nfs.disable: on | |
| performance.client-io-threads: off | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume start gv1 | |
| volume start: gv1: success |
③挂载条带复制卷
| [root@gluster-node3 ~]# mount -t glusterfs 127.0.0.1:/gv1 /gv1 | |
| [root@gluster-node3 ~]# df -h | |
| Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on | |
| /dev/sda3 28G 1.7G 27G 6% / | |
| devtmpfs 483M 0 483M 0% /dev | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm | |
| tmpfs 493M 6.8M 486M 2% /run | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup | |
| /dev/sda1 197M 97M 100M 50% /boot | |
| tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0 | |
| /dev/sdb 1014M 33M 982M 4% /storage/brick1 | |
| 127.0.0.1:/gv1 2.0G 85M 1.9G 5% /gv1 |
④touch创建文件测试
| [root@gluster-node3 ~]# cd /gv1/ | |
| [root@gluster-node3 gv1]# touch file1 file2 file3 | |
| [root@gluster-node3 gv1]# ll | |
| total 0 | |
| -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 8 23:25 file1 | |
| -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 8 23:25 file2 | |
| -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 8 23:25 file3 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# ll /storage/brick1/ | |
| total 0 | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file1 | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file2 | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file3 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# ll /storage/brick2/ | |
| total 0 | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file1 | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file2 | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file3 | |
| [root@gluster-node2 ~]# ll /storage/brick1/ | |
| total 0 | |
| -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file1 | |
| -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file2 | |
| -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file3 | |
| [root@gluster-node2 ~]# ll /storage/brick2/ | |
| total 0 | |
| -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file1 | |
| -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file2 | |
| -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file3 |
从touch创建文件可以看到创建的文件，分别在gluster-node1和gluster-node2上的实际存储位置/storage/brick1、/storage/brick2上都存在这些文件，实现了复制功能
⑤dd创建文件测试
| [root@gluster-node3 gv1]# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1024 count=20000 of=/gv1/20M.file | |
| 20000+0 records in | |
| 20000+0 records out | |
| 20480000 bytes (20 MB) copied, 1.08174 s, 18.9 MB/s | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# ll /storage/brick1/ -h | |
| total 9.8M | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 9.8M Aug 7 00:50 20M.file | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file1 | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file2 | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file3 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# ll /storage/brick2/ -h | |
| total 9.8M | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 9.8M Aug 7 00:50 20M.file | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file1 | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file2 | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file3 | |
| [root@gluster-node2 ~]# ll /storage/brick1/ -h | |
| total 9.8M | |
| -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 9.8M Aug 6 19:24 20M.file | |
| -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file1 | |
| -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file2 | |
| -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file3 | |
| [root@gluster-node2 ~]# ll /storage/brick2/ -h | |
| total 9.8M | |
| -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 9.8M Aug 6 19:24 20M.file | |
| -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file1 | |
| -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file2 | |
| -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 0 Aug 9 2018 file3 |
从dd创建的20M文件，在gluster-node1上可以看到20M的文件被切割成10M一份进行存储，并且在gluster-node2上也有这样的一份数据，实现了条带功能，也实现了复制功能。
- （7）创建分布式+条带+复制卷
*分布式+条带+复制卷架构示意图：*
三种模式混合, 至少需要8台 服务器或者2台服务器8块磁盘才能创建。 stripe 2 replica 2 , 每4个节点 组成一个 组。
gluster volume create test-volume stripe 2 replica 2 transport tcp server1:/exp1 server2:/exp2 server3:/exp3 server4:/exp4 server5:/exp5 server6:/exp6 server7:/exp7 server8:/exp8
①卸载前面的条带复制卷并删除
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# umount /gv1 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume stop gv1 | |
| Stopping volume will make its data inaccessible. Do you want to continue? (y/n) y | |
| volume stop: gv1: success | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume delete gv1 | |
| Deleting volume will erase all information about the volume. Do you want to continue? (y/n) y | |
| volume delete: gv1: success |
②创建分布式条带复制卷
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume create gv1 stripe 2 replica 2 gluster-node1:/storage/brick1 gluster-node1:/storage/brick2 gluster-node1:/storage/brick3 gluster-node2:/storage/brick1 gluster-node2:/storage/brick2 gluster-node2:/storage/brick3 gluster-node3:/storage/brick1 gluster-node3:/storage/brick2 force | |
| volume create: gv1: success: please start the volume to access data | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume info | |
| Volume Name: gv1 | |
| Type: Distributed-Striped-Replicate | |
| Volume ID: fc16d0f2-52ec-4932-a21e-4226afc79ddf | |
| Status: Created | |
| Snapshot Count: 0 | |
| Number of Bricks: 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 | |
| Transport-type: tcp | |
| Bricks: | |
| Brick1: gluster-node1:/storage/brick1 | |
| Brick2: gluster-node1:/storage/brick2 | |
| Brick3: gluster-node1:/storage/brick3 | |
| Brick4: gluster-node2:/storage/brick1 | |
| Brick5: gluster-node2:/storage/brick2 | |
| Brick6: gluster-node2:/storage/brick3 | |
| Brick7: gluster-node3:/storage/brick1 | |
| Brick8: gluster-node3:/storage/brick2 | |
| Options Reconfigured: | |
| transport.address-family: inet | |
| nfs.disable: on | |
| performance.client-io-threads: off |
③启动条带复制卷并挂载
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# gluster volume start gv1 | |
| volume start: gv1: success | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# mount -t glusterfs 127.0.0.1:/gv1 /gv1 | |
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# df -h | |
| Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on | |
| /dev/sda2 20G 1.5G 19G 8% / | |
| devtmpfs 483M 0 483M 0% /dev | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm | |
| tmpfs 493M 6.8M 486M 2% /run | |
| tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup | |
| /dev/sda1 197M 97M 100M 50% /boot | |
| tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0 | |
| /dev/sdd 1014M 38M 977M 4% /storage/brick3 | |
| /dev/sdb 1014M 33M 982M 4% /storage/brick1 | |
| /dev/sdc 1014M 43M 972M 5% /storage/brick2 | |
| 127.0.0.1:/gv1 4.0G 200M 3.8G 5% /gv1 | |
| 观察存储容量，一共有4个G，原来的8块磁盘一共是8G大小。使用了分布式条带复制卷，存储空间会减半 |
④dd创建文件查看
| [root@gluster-node1 ~]# cd /gv1/ | |
| [root@gluster-node1 gv1]# dd if=/dev/zero bs=1024 count=100000 of=/gv1/100M.file | |
| 100000+0 records in | |
| 100000+0 records out | |
| 102400000 bytes (102 MB) copied, 29.2668 s, 3.5 MB/s | |
| [root@gluster-node1 gv1]# ll -h | |
| total 98M | |
| -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 98M Aug 7 04:30 100M.file | |
| [root@gluster-node1 gv1]# ll -h /storage/brick1/ | |
| total 64M | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 49M Aug 7 04:30 100M.file | |
| [root@gluster-node1 gv1]# ll -h /storage/brick2/ | |
| total 64M | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 49M Aug 7 04:30 100M.file | |
| [root@gluster-node1 gv1]# ll -h /storage/brick3/ | |
| total 64M | |
| -rw-r--r--. 2 root root 49M Aug 7 04:30 100M.file | |
| [root@gluster-node2 ~]# ll /storage/brick1/ -h | |
| total 49M | |
| -rw-r--r-- 2 root root 49M Aug 6 23:04 100M.file |
从创建的文件上看，创建了100M的文件，会进行分割49M文件作为一份数据进行存储，并通过hash算法随即存储到8块磁盘中的其中2块磁盘，并在另外2块磁盘中作了复制，以保证数据的备份。
本次的部署实验，使用了3台主机，8块磁盘，并不是生产使用方案，而是机子抗不住。在实际生产中，可以独立使用多台服务器进行磁盘整合，实现分布式文件系统。
glusterfs部署及卷类型使用 - 吕振江 - 博客园
https://www.cnblogs.com/lvzhenjiang/p/14199478.html