'''
基于用户的协同推荐

条目数据
'''

import pandas as pd
from io import StringIO
import json

#数据类型一：条目（用户、商品、打分）（避免巨型稀疏矩阵）
csv_txt = '''"Angelica","Blues Traveler",3.5
"Angelica","Broken Bells",2.0
"Angelica","Norah Jones",4.5
"Angelica","Phoenix",5.0
"Angelica","Slightly Stoopid",1.5
"Angelica","The Strokes",2.5
"Angelica","Vampire Weekend",2.0
"Bill","Blues Traveler",2.0
"Bill","Broken Bells",3.5
"Bill","Deadmau5",4.0
"Bill","Phoenix",2.0
"Bill","Slightly Stoopid",3.5
"Bill","Vampire Weekend",3.0
"Chan","Blues Traveler",5.0
"Chan","Broken Bells",1.0
"Chan","Deadmau5",1.0
"Chan","Norah Jones",3.0
"Chan","Phoenix",5,
"Chan","Slightly Stoopid",1.0
"Dan","Blues Traveler",3.0
"Dan","Broken Bells",4.0
"Dan","Deadmau5",4.5
"Dan","Phoenix",3.0
"Dan","Slightly Stoopid",4.5
"Dan","The Strokes",4.0
"Dan","Vampire Weekend",2.0
"Hailey","Broken Bells",4.0
"Hailey","Deadmau5",1.0
"Hailey","Norah Jones",4.0
"Hailey","The Strokes",4.0
"Hailey","Vampire Weekend",1.0
"Jordyn","Broken Bells",4.5
"Jordyn","Deadmau5",4.0
"Jordyn","Norah Jones",5.0
"Jordyn","Phoenix",5.0
"Jordyn","Slightly Stoopid",4.5
"Jordyn","The Strokes",4.0
"Jordyn","Vampire Weekend",4.0
"Sam","Blues Traveler",5.0
"Sam","Broken Bells",2.0
"Sam","Norah Jones",3.0
"Sam","Phoenix",5.0
"Sam","Slightly Stoopid",4.0
"Sam","The Strokes",5.0
"Veronica","Blues Traveler",3.0
"Veronica","Norah Jones",5.0
"Veronica","Phoenix",4.0
"Veronica","Slightly Stoopid",2.5
"Veronica","The Strokes",3.0'''

#数据类型二：json数据（用户、商品、打分）
json_txt = '''{"Angelica": {"Blues Traveler": 3.5, "Broken Bells": 2.0,
                      "Norah Jones": 4.5, "Phoenix": 5.0,
                      "Slightly Stoopid": 1.5,
                      "The Strokes": 2.5, "Vampire Weekend": 2.0},
         
         "Bill":{"Blues Traveler": 2.0, "Broken Bells": 3.5,
                 "Deadmau5": 4.0, "Phoenix": 2.0,
                 "Slightly Stoopid": 3.5, "Vampire Weekend": 3.0},
         
         "Chan": {"Blues Traveler": 5.0, "Broken Bells": 1.0,
                  "Deadmau5": 1.0, "Norah Jones": 3.0, "Phoenix": 5,
                  "Slightly Stoopid": 1.0},
         
         "Dan": {"Blues Traveler": 3.0, "Broken Bells": 4.0,
                 "Deadmau5": 4.5, "Phoenix": 3.0,
                 "Slightly Stoopid": 4.5, "The Strokes": 4.0,
                 "Vampire Weekend": 2.0},
         
         "Hailey": {"Broken Bells": 4.0, "Deadmau5": 1.0,
                    "Norah Jones": 4.0, "The Strokes": 4.0,
                    "Vampire Weekend": 1.0},
         
         "Jordyn":  {"Broken Bells": 4.5, "Deadmau5": 4.0,
                     "Norah Jones": 5.0, "Phoenix": 5.0,
                     "Slightly Stoopid": 4.5, "The Strokes": 4.0,
                     "Vampire Weekend": 4.0},
         
         "Sam": {"Blues Traveler": 5.0, "Broken Bells": 2.0,
                 "Norah Jones": 3.0, "Phoenix": 5.0,
                 "Slightly Stoopid": 4.0, "The Strokes": 5.0},
         
         "Veronica": {"Blues Traveler": 3.0, "Norah Jones": 5.0,
                      "Phoenix": 4.0, "Slightly Stoopid": 2.5,
                      "The Strokes": 3.0}
}'''


df = None

#方式一：加载csv数据
def load_csv_txt():
    global df
    df = pd.read_csv(StringIO(csv_txt), header=None, names=['user','goods','rate'])

#方式二：加载json数据(把json读成条目)
def load_json_txt():
    global df
    #由json数据得到字典
    users = json.loads(json_txt)
    
    #遍历字典，得到条目
    csv_txt_ = ''
    for user in users:
        for goods in users[user]:
            csv_txt_ += '{},{},{}\n'.format(user, goods, users[user][goods])
    
    df = pd.read_csv(StringIO(csv_txt_), header=None, names=['user','goods','rate'])


print('测试：读取数据')
#load_csv_txt()
load_json_txt()



def build_xy(user_name1, user_name2):
    df1 = df.ix[df['user'] == user_name1, ['goods','rate']]
    df2 = df.ix[df['user'] == user_name2, ['goods','rate']]
    
    df3 = pd.merge(df1, df2, on='goods', how='inner') #只保留两人都有评分的商品的评分
    
    return df3['rate_x'], df3['rate_y'] #merge之后默认的列名：rate_x，rate_y
    



#曼哈顿距离
def manhattan(user_name1, user_name2):
    x, y = build_xy(user_name1, user_name2)
    return sum(abs(x - y))
    
#欧几里德距离
def euclidean(user_name1, user_name2):
    x, y = build_xy(user_name1, user_name2)
    return sum((x - y)**2)**0.5
    
#闵可夫斯基距离
def minkowski(user_name1, user_name2, r):
    x, y = build_xy(user_name1, user_name2)
    return sum(abs(x - y)**r)**(1/r)
    
#皮尔逊相关系数
def pearson(user_name1, user_name2):
    x, y = build_xy(user_name1, user_name2)
    mean1, mean2 = x.mean(), y.mean()
    #分母
    denominator = (sum((x-mean1)**2)*sum((y-mean2)**2))**0.5
    return [sum((x-mean1)*(y-mean2))/denominator, 0][denominator == 0]

#余弦相似度（数据的稀疏性问题，在文本挖掘中应用得较多）
def cosine(user_name1, user_name2):
    x, y = build_xy(user_name1, user_name2)
    #分母
    denominator = (sum(x*x)*sum(y*y))**0.5
    return [sum(x*y)/denominator, 0][denominator == 0]
    
metric_funcs = {
    'manhattan': manhattan,
    'euclidean': euclidean,
    'minkowski': minkowski,
    'pearson': pearson,
    'cosine': cosine
}


print('\n测试：计算Angelica与Bill的曼哈顿距离')
print(manhattan('Angelica','Bill'))


#计算最近的邻居（返回：pd.Series）
def computeNearestNeighbor(user_name, metric='pearson', k=3, r=2):
    '''
    metric: 度量函数
    k:      返回k个邻居
    r:      闵可夫斯基距离专用
    
    返回：pd.Series，其中index是邻居名称，values是距离
    '''
    array = df[df['user'] != user_name]['user'].unique()
    if metric in ['manhattan', 'euclidean']:
        return pd.Series(array, index=array.tolist()).apply(metric_funcs[metric], args=(user_name,)).nsmallest(k)
    elif metric in ['minkowski']:
        return pd.Series(array, index=array.tolist()).apply(metric_funcs[metric], args=(user_name, r,)).nsmallest(k)
    elif metric in ['pearson', 'cosine']:
        return pd.Series(array, index=array.tolist()).apply(metric_funcs[metric], args=(user_name,)).nlargest(k)
    
    
print('\n测试：计算Hailey的最近邻居')
print(computeNearestNeighbor('Hailey'))


#向给定用户推荐（返回：pd.DataFrame）
def recommend(user_name):
    """返回推荐结果列表"""
    # 找到距离最近的用户名
    nearest_username = computeNearestNeighbor(user_name).index[0]
    
    # 找出这位用户评价过、但自己未曾评价的乐队
    df1 = df.ix[df['user'] == user_name, ['goods', 'rate']]
    df2 = df.ix[df['user'] == nearest_username, ['goods', 'rate']]
    
    df3 = pd.merge(df1, df2, on='goods', how='outer')
    
    return df3.ix[(df3['rate_x'].isnull()) & (df3['rate_y'].notnull()), ['goods', 'rate_y']].sort_values(by='rate_y')

    
print('\n测试：为Hailey做推荐')
print(recommend('Hailey'))


#向给定用户推荐（返回：pd.Series）
def recommend2(user_name, metric='pearson', k=3, n=5, r=2):
    '''
    metric: 度量函数
    k:      根据k个最近邻居，协同推荐
    r:      闵可夫斯基距离专用
    n:      推荐的商品数目
    
    返回：pd.Series，其中index是商品名称，values是加权评分
    '''
    # 找到距离最近的k个邻居
    nearest_neighbors = computeNearestNeighbor(user_name, metric='pearson', k=k, r=r)
    
    # 计算权值
    if metric in ['manhattan', 'euclidean', 'minkowski']: # 距离越小，越类似
        nearest_neighbors = 1 / nearest_neighbors # 所以，取倒数（或者别的减函数，如：y=2**-x）
    elif metric in ['pearson', 'cosine']:                 # 距离越大，越类似
        pass
        
    nearest_neighbors = nearest_neighbors / nearest_neighbors.sum() #已经变为权值
    
    # 逐个邻居找出其评价过、但自己未曾评价的乐队（或商品）的评分，并乘以权值
    neighbors_rate_with_weight = []
    for neighbor_name in nearest_neighbors.index:
        # 每个结果：pd.Series，其中index是商品名称，values是评分（已乘权值）
        df1 = df.ix[df['user'] == user_name, ['goods', 'rate']]
        df2 = df.ix[df['user'] == neighbor_name, ['goods', 'rate']]
        
        df3 = pd.merge(df1, df2, on='goods', how='outer')
        
        df4 =  df3.ix[(df3['rate_x'].isnull()) & (df3['rate_y'].notnull()), ['goods', 'rate_y']]
        
        #注意这中间有一个转化为pd.Series的操作！
        neighbors_rate_with_weight.append(pd.Series(df4['rate_y'].tolist(), index=df4['goods']) * nearest_neighbors[neighbor_name])

    # 把邻居们的加权评分拼接成pd.DataFrame，按列累加，取最大的前n个商品的评分
    return pd.concat(neighbors_rate_with_weight, axis=1).sum(axis=1, skipna=True).nlargest(n) # 黑科技！
    
print('\n测试：为Hailey做推荐')
print(recommend2('Hailey', metric='manhattan', k=3, n=5))

print('\n测试：为Hailey做推荐')
print(recommend2('Hailey', metric='euclidean', k=3, n=5, r=2))

print('\n测试：为Hailey做推荐')
print(recommend2('Hailey', metric='pearson', k=1, n=5))