一、Keepalived简介
Keepalived的作用是检测web服务器的状态,如果有一台web服务器死机,或工作出现故障,Keepalived将检测到,并将有故障的web服务器从系统中剔除,当web服务器工作正常后Keepalived自动将web服务器加入到服务器群中,这些工作全部自动完成,不需要人工干涉,需要人工做的只是修复故障的web服务器。
Layer7:Layer7就是工作在具体的应用层了,比Layer3,Layer4要复杂一点,在网络上占用的带宽也要大一些。Keepalived将根据用户的设定检查服务器程序的运行是否正常,如果与用户的设定不相符,则Keepalived将把服务器从服务器群中剔除。
二、安装配置
1.拓扑图
说明:1.两个代理服务器通过VIP向外提供数据
2.两个代理服务器都可以代理后端的服务器
3.为测试方便,后端服务器至提供静态页面
2.ip规划
功用 | ip地址 | 安装软件 |
VIP | 192.168.1.99 | |
反向代理1 | 192.168.1.201 | keepalived、haproxy |
反向代理2 | 192.168.1.204 | keepalived、haproxy |
web服务器1 | 192.168.1.202 | httpd |
web服务器2 | 192.168.1.203 | httpd |
3.安装配置haproxy
关于haproxy的详细配置,请参照http://wangfeng7399.blog.51cto.com/3518031/1405758
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[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # Example configuration for a possible web application. See the
# full configuration options online. # # http: //haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/doc/configuration.txt
# #--------------------------------------------------------------------- #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # Global settings #--------------------------------------------------------------------- global # to have these messages end up in / var /log/haproxy.log you will
# need to:
#
# 1 ) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done
# by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# 2 ) configure local2 events to go to the / var /log/haproxy.log
# file. A line like the following can be added to
# /etc/sysconfig/syslog
#
# local2.* / var /log/haproxy.log
#
log 127.0 . 0.1 local2
chroot / var /lib/haproxy
pidfile / var /run/haproxy.pid
maxconn 4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
# turn on stats unix socket
stats socket / var /lib/haproxy/stats
#--------------------------------------------------------------------- # common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#--------------------------------------------------------------------- defaults mode http
log global
option httplog
option dontlognull
option http-server-close
option forwardfor except 127.0 . 0.0 / 8
option redispatch
retries 3
timeout http-request 10s
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s
maxconn 3000
#--------------------------------------------------------------------- # main frontend which proxys to the backends #--------------------------------------------------------------------- frontend main *: 80
default_backend static #--------------------------------------------------------------------- # static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such
#--------------------------------------------------------------------- backend static
balance roundrobin
server node2 192.168 . 1.202 : 80 check maxconn 2000
server node3 192.168 . 1.203 : 80 check maxconn 2000
#--------------------------------------------------------------------- # round robin balancing between the var ious backends
#--------------------------------------------------------------------- |
说明:两个节点的HAproxy的配置文件应该保持一样
4.测试haproxy的配置
5.安装配置keepalived
①、安装keepalived
keepalived的安装可以通过yum源来安装,也可以通过编译源码来安装,本处通过yum源赖安装
②、配置keepalived主节点
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[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs { //全局参数
notification_email { //邮件
sysadmin@firewall.loc //收件人地址
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc //发件人地址
smtp_server 127.0 . 0.1 //邮件服务器的地址
smtp_connect_timeout 30 //间隔时间
router_id LVS_DEVEL //邮件服务器的组的id
} vrrp_script chk_haproxy { script "killall -0 haproxy" //检查haproxy是否在线
interval 1 //检查间隔时间
weight - 5 //如果检查失败,则权重-5
} vrrp_instance VI_1 { //定义第一个集群
state MASTER //初始状态为主节点,从节点应该为BACKUP
interface eth0 //配置ip的端口
virtual_router_id 51 //本组集群的id号,主从节点必须一样
priority 100 //主节点的优先级,备用节点的优先级必须低于主节点
advert_int 1 //心跳检查间隔时间
authentication {
auth_type PASS //通信为明文密码通信
auth_pass 1111 //通信的密码,主从节点必须一样
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168 . 1.99 //定义一个VIP
}
track_script { //调用上面的命令
chk_haproxy
} } |
③、配置keepalived从节点
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[root@node4 ~]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs { notification_email {
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
smtp_server 127.0 . 0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
} vrrp_script chk_haproxy { script "killall -0 haproxy"
interval 1
weight - 5
} vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 99
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168 . 1.99
}
track_script { chk_haproxy
} } |
6.测试
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2 : eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00 :0c: 29 : 56 : 78 :cd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168 . 1.204 / 24 brd 192.168 . 1.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168 . 1.99 / 32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe56:78cd/ 64 scope link tentative dadfailed
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
|
可以看到ip地址已经配置上去了
我们可以看到网页访问正常
下面,我们模拟服务器损坏,将node1上的haproxy关掉,看看ip地址是否会转移到node4上
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[root@node4 ~]# ip add 1 : lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00 : 00 : 00 : 00 : 00 : 00 brd 00 : 00 : 00 : 00 : 00 : 00
inet 127.0 . 0.1 / 8 scope host lo
inet6 :: 1 / 128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2 : eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00 :0c: 29 : 56 : 78 :cd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168 . 1.204 / 24 brd 192.168 . 1.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168 . 1.99 / 32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe56:78cd/ 64 scope link tentative dadfailed
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
|
OK!!可以看到我们的页面访问正常,这就可以实现当前段的一个反向代理服务器宕机或者后端的一个web服务宕机,服务都可以正常对外提供
7.扩展
我们还可以自定义通知机制
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#!/bin/bash # Author: wangfeng7399<wangfeng17399@ 163 .com>
# description: An example of notify script # vip= 192.168 . 1.99
contact= 'root@localhost'
notify() { mailsubject= "`hostname` to be $1: $vip floating"
mailbody= "`date '+%F %H:%M:%S'`: vrrp transition, `hostname` changed to be $1"
echo $mailbody | mail -s "$mailsubject" $contact
} case "$1" in
master)
notify master
exit 0
;;
backup)
notify backup
exit 0
;;
fault)
notify fault
exit 0
;;
*)
echo 'Usage: `basename $0` {master|backup|fault}'
exit 1
;;
esac |
在keepalived的配置文件中通过notify来调用,如下所示
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notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"
notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"
notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"
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大功告成,由于本人水平有限,可能有逻辑上的错误,请各位大神匹配指正
本文转自wangfeng7399 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/wangfeng7399/1405785,如需转载请自行联系原作者