mysql修改和查看字符集（数据库全局、schema、表、列）
转自：https://blog.csdn.net/haogexiaole/article/details/80739503
一、查看字符集
1.查看MYSQL数据库服务器和数据库字符集
mysql> show variables like '%character%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /opt/mysql/share/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set mysql>
mysql> show variables like 'collation%'; +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8_general_ci | | collation_server | utf8_general_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+ 3 rows in set mysql>
2.查看MYSQL所支持的字符集
mysql> show charset; +----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen | +----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 | | dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 | | cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 | | hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 | | koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 | | latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 | | latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 | | swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 | | ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 | | ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 | | sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 | | hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 | | tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 | | euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 | | koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 | | gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 | | greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 | | cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 | | gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 | | latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 | | armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 | | utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 | | ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 | | cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 | | keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 | | macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 | | macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 | | cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 | | latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 | | utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 | | cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 | | utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 | | utf16le | UTF-16LE Unicode | utf16le_general_ci | 4 | | cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 | | cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 | | utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 | | binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 | | geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 | | cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 | | eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 | | gb18030 | China National Standard GB18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci | 4 | +----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+ 41 rows in set mysql>
3.查看库的字符集
语法：show database status from 库名 like 表名;
mysql> SHOW CREATE DATABASE shuxiaoer; +-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Database | Create Database | +-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+ | shuxiaoer | CREATE DATABASE `shuxiaoer` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ | +-----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set mysql>
4.查看表的字符集
语法：show table status from 库名 like 表名;
mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE sys_mgr_config
-> ;
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+----------+
| sys_mgr_config | CREATE TABLE `sys_mgr_config` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键',
`config_type` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '配置项类型',
`config_sub_type` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '配置项子类型',
`config_name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '配置项名称',
`config_cn_name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '配置项的中文名称',
`config_value` varchar(500) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '配置项值',
`config_desc` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '配置项描述',
`create_time` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
`update_time` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '修改时间',
`create_user` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '创建人',
`update_user` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '修改人',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=23 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
+---+
1 row in set
mysql>
5.查看表中所有列的字符集
语法：show full columns from 表名;
mysql> SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM sys_mgr_config; +-----------------+--------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+------------------+ | Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment | +-----------------+--------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+------------------+ | id | int(11) | NULL | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | select,insert,update,references | 主键 | | config_type | varchar(50) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | 配置项类型 | | config_sub_type | varchar(50) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | 配置项子类型 | | config_name | varchar(255) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | 配置项名称 | | config_cn_name | varchar(50) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | 配置项的中文名称 | | config_value | varchar(500) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | 配置项值 | | config_desc | varchar(255) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | 配置项描述 | | create_time | timestamp | NULL | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | 创建时间 | | update_time | timestamp | NULL | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | 修改时间 | | create_user | varchar(100) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | 创建人 | | update_user | varchar(100) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | 修改人 | +-----------------+--------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+------------------+ 11 rows in set
二、设置字符集
设置字符集一般有两种方法，一种是在创建表的时候设置字符集，另一种是表建成之后修改字符集。
1.创建时指定字符集
1.1创建库的时候指定字符集：
语法：create database 库名 default character set=字符集；
1.2创建表的时候指定字符集：
语法：create table 表名（属性）default character set = 字符集；
2.修改字符集
修改全局字符集
mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8; mysql> set character_set_database=utf8; mysql> set character_set_results=utf8; mysql> set character_set_server=utf8; mysql> set character_set_system=utf8; mysql> set character_connection=utf8; mysql> set character_database=utf8; mysql> set character_server=utf8;
修改库的字符集
语法：alter database 库名 default character set 字符集;
修改表的字符集
语法：alter table 表名 convert to character set 字符集;
修改字段的字符集
语法：alter table 表名 modify 字段名 字段属性 character set gbk；
三、设置MySQL默认字符集
在命令行上修改字符集后，MySQL重启后，设置会消失，恢复成MySQL配置文件中的字符集设置。
MySQL默认的字符集是latinl 编码，此时建库插入中文会乱码。
在my.cnf中mysqld服务配置加入一行字符集设置。
# vi /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] character_set_server=utf8
保存退出，并重启MySQL。