做前端开发,大多数情况下,都需要跟后端打交道,而最常见的方式则是通过http请求,进行通信。
在openresty中,通过http跟后端整合通信的方式又很多种,各有各的好处,可以根据情况交叉使用
1、直接proxy
这种方式最简单,也是我们最熟悉的,直接配置一个反向代理,跟nginx的用法一致
比如我们有一个后端服务,提供用户相关接口,是java写的,端口8080,为了简单起见,我直接在openresty里面配置一个server,模拟java端,通过一个简单的案例的来说明情况
nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
error_log logs/error.log;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
lua_package_path "/Users/john/opensource/openresty-web-dev/demo7/lua/?.lua;/usr/local/openresty/lualib/?.lua";
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
lua_code_cache off;
location / {
root html;
index index.html;
}
location ~ ^/user {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
}
}
# 这个只是模拟后端
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
lua_code_cache off;
location ~ /user/(.+) {
default_type text/html;
content_by_lua_file lua/$1.lua;
}
}
}
上面配置了两个location,将所有以/user开头的请求都转到后端的8080服务器,其他的则是静态页面,直接从html目录读取,然后返回,从这里开始就是前端开发了
为了简单起见,假设后端提供了一个登陆接口,我们这里直接用lua来实现一下就好了,检查用户名跟密码是admin,就返回成功,否则返回失败
lua/login.lua
local req = require "req"
local cjson = require "cjson"
local args = req.getArgs()
local username = args['username']
local password = args['password']
local res = {}
if username == "admin" and password == "admin" then
res['ret'] = true
res['token'] = ngx.md5('admin/' .. tostring(ngx.time()))
else
res['ret'] = false
end
ngx.say(cjson.encode(res))
index.html
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Login Page</title>
</head>
<body>
UserName: <input type="text" id="username" value="admin">
Password: <input type="password" id="password" value="admin">
<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="login()">Login</a>
<script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.2.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
function login() {
var username = $('#username').val();
var password = $('#password').val();
$.post('/user/login', {username: username, password: password}, function(res){
console.log(res)
var msg = res.ret ? "登录成功" : "登录失败"
alert(msg)
}, 'json')
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
2、使用ngx.location.captrue
这个方法主要用于发送内部请求,即请求当前server内的其他location,默认会将当前请求的参数带过去,也可以手动指定参数,GET参数通过args传递,post参数通过body传递
如:
local req = require "req"
local args = req.getArgs()
GET 调用
local res = ngx.location.capture('/user/login', {
method = ngx.HTTP_GET,
args = args,
});
POST 调用
local res = ngx.location.capture('/user/login', {
method = ngx.HTTP_POST,
body = ngx.encode_args(args),
});
现在我们自己写一个lua来调用后台接口实现登陆,然后对请求做一点处理,实现一些额外的逻辑,比如在原来的参数上面加上一个from字段
lua/local-login.lua
local req = require "req"
local cjson = require "cjson"
local args = req.getArgs()
-- GET
local res = ngx.location.capture('/user/login', {method = ngx.HTTP_GET, args = args})
-- POST
-- local res = ngx.location.capture('/user/login', {method = ngx.HTTP_POST, body = ngx.encode_args(args)})
-- print(res.status) -- 状态码
if res.status == 200 then
local ret = cjson.decode(res.body)
ret['from'] = 'local'
ngx.say(cjson.encode(ret))
else
print(res.body)
ngx.say('{"ret": false, "from": "local"}')
end
index.html 也需要改一下,多加一个按钮,调用本地登陆接口
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Login Page</title>
</head>
<body>
UserName: <input type="text" id="username" value="admin">
Password: <input type="password" id="password" value="admin">
<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="login()">Login</a>
<a href="javascript:void(0)" onclick="local_login()">Local Login</a>
<script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.2.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
function login() {
var username = $('#username').val();
var password = $('#password').val();
$.post('/user/login', {username: username, password: password}, function(res){
console.log(res)
var msg = res.ret ? "登录成功" : "登录失败"
alert(msg)
}, 'json')
}
function local_login() {
var username = $('#username').val();
var password = $('#password').val();
$.post('/lua/local-login', {username: username, password: password}, function(res){
console.log(res)
var msg = res.ret ? "本地登录成功" : "本地登录失败"
alert(msg)
}, 'json')
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
3、第三方模块lua-resty-http
这种方式跟上面那种不同的地方是调用的时候,不会带上本地请求的请求头、cookie、以及请求参数,不过这也使得请求更纯粹,不会带上那些没必要的东西,减少数据传输
最后local-login.lua 变成如下
local req = require "req"
local cjson = require "cjson"
local http = require "resty.http"
local args = req.getArgs()
-- GET
-- local res = ngx.location.capture('/user/login', {method = ngx.HTTP_GET, args = args})
-- POST
-- local res = ngx.location.capture('/user/login', {method = ngx.HTTP_POST, body = ngx.encode_args(args)})
-- http
local httpc = http.new()
local res = httpc:request_uri("http://127.0.0.1:8080/user/login", {
method = "POST",
body = ngx.encode_args(args),
headers = {
["Accept"] = "application/json",
["Accept-Encoding"] = "utf-8",
["Cookie"] = ngx.req.get_headers()['Cookie'],
["Content-Type"] = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
}
})
httpc:set_keepalive(60)
print(res.status) -- 状态码
if res.status == 200 then
local ret = cjson.decode(res.body)
ret['from'] = 'local'
ngx.say(cjson.encode(ret))
else
print(res.body)
ngx.say('{"ret": false, "from": "local"}')
end
到此,基本上已经能通过openresty,做一些前后端的交互了,下次介绍怎么使用openresty模板渲染,以及搭配react开发前端。
示例代码 参见demo7部分