Cobbler 可以用来快速建立 Linux 网络安装环境，它已将 Linux 网络安装的技术门槛，从大专以上文化水平，成功降低到初中以下，连补鞋匠都能学会
网络安装服务器套件 Cobbler(补鞋匠)从前，我们一直在做装机民工这份很有前途的职业。自打若干年前 Red Hat 推出了 Kickstart，此后我们顿觉身价倍增。不再需要刻了光盘一台一台地安装 Linux，只要搞定 PXE、DHCP、TFTP，还有那满屏眼花缭乱不知所云的 Kickstart 脚本，我们就可以像哈里波特一样，轻点魔棒，瞬间安装上百台服务器。这一堆花里胡哨的东西可不是一般人都能整明白的，没有大专以上学历，通不过英语四级，根本别想玩转。总而言之，这是一份多么有前途，多么有技术含量的工作啊。很不幸，Red Hat 最新（Cobbler项目最初在2008年左右发布）发布了网络安装服务器套件 Cobbler(补鞋匠)，它已将 Linux 网络安装的技术门槛，从大专以上文化水平，成功降低到初中以下，连补鞋匠都能学会。对于我们这些在装机领域浸淫多年，经验丰富，老骥伏枥，志在千里的民工兄弟们来说，不啻为一个晴天霹雳。
实验环境
centos-5.8
实验软件
cobbler httpd rsync tftp-server xinetd dhcppython-ctypes cman* pykickstart
ed patch perl perl-Compress-Zlib perl-Cwdperl-Digest-MD5
epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
debmirror-20090807-1.el5.noarch.rpm
软件安装
rpm -ivh epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh debmirror-20090807-1.el5.noarch.rpm
yum install cobbler httpd rsync tftp-serverxinetd dhcp python-ctypes -y
yum install -y cman* pykickstart
yum install ed patch perlperl-Compress-Zlib perl-Cwd perl-Digest-MD5 -y
service iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off
cobbler check 检测cobbler运行的问题
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : The ‘server‘ field in/etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, orkickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server asreachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the‘next_server‘ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something otherthan 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : some network boot-loaders are missingfrom /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ to downloadthem, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure thatyou have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and canignore this message entirely. Files inthis directory, should you want to support all architectures, should includepxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ commandis the easiest way to resolve these requirements.
4 : change ‘disable‘ to ‘no‘ in/etc/xinetd.d/rsync
5 : since iptables may be running, ensure69, 80/443, and 25151 are unblocked
6 : debmirror package is not installed, itwill be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
7 : ksvalidator was not found, installpykickstart
8 : The default password used by the sampletemplates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in/etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to ‘cobbler‘ and should be changed, try:"openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘random-phrase-here‘ ‘your-password-here‘"to generate new one
9 : fencing tools were not found, and arerequired to use the (optional) power management features. install cman orfence-agents to use them
Restart cobblerd and then run ‘cobblersync‘ to apply changes.
vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/wsgi.conf
#LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so找到
LoadModulewsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so 改为
vim /etc/cobbler/settings
next_server: 127.0.0.1 找到
next_server: 192.168.0.102 改为cobbler服务器的ip地址
server: 127.0.0.1 找到
server: 192.168.0.102 改为cobbler服务器ip地址
manage_dhcp: 0 找到
manage_dhcp: 1 改为1 （1为开启 0为关闭）
manage_rsync: 0 找到
manage_rsync: 0 改为1 （1为开启 0为关闭）
vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
disable = yes 找到
disable = no 改为
vim /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
disable = yes 找到
disable = no 改为
openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘random-phrase-here‘ ‘123456‘ 此密码为root密码
$1$random-p$mzxQ/Sx848sXgvfwJCoZM0
vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dhcp分配网段
option routers 192.168.1.5; dhcp 网关ip
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1; 域名服务器
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;子网掩码
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.100 192.168.1.254; 分配ip的地址段
一切配置遵从个人而定
vim /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted:"$1$mF86/UHC$WvcIcX2t6crBz2onWxyac." 找到
default_password_crypted: "$1$random-p$mzxQ/Sx848sXgvfwJCoZM0" 改为实际openssl生成的密码
vim /etc/debmirror.conf
@dists="sid";
@arches="i386"; 找到着两行
#@dists="sid";
#@arches="i386"; 使用#屏蔽
cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2014-04-15_140352_get_loaders
task started (id=Download BootloaderContent, time=Tue Apr 15 14:03:52 2014)
downloadinghttp://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloadinghttp://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/COPYING.elilo to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloadinghttp://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloadinghttp://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
downloadinghttp://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloadinghttp://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/yaboot-1.3.14-12 to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloadinghttp://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.61 to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloadinghttp://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/menu.c32-3.61 to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloadinghttp://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloadinghttp://www.cobblerd.org/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2014-04-15_151301_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Tue Apr 1515:13:01 2014)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
trying hardlink/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
rendering Rsync files
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggercobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: Starting dhcpd: [ OK ]
received on stderr:
running shell triggers from/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python triggercobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from/var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
cobbler check
No configuration problemsfound. All systems go. 看到这个提示就是说明配置正确
mkdir-p /system/centos5.8-i386
mount-o loop CentOS-5.8-i386-bin-DVD-1of2.iso /system/centos5.8-i386/
cobbler import --path=/system/centos5.8-i386/ --name=centos5.8-i386
taskstarted: 2014-04-15_152344_import
taskstarted (id=Media import, time=Tue Apr 15 15:23:44 2014)
Founda candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel5
Founda matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel5
Addingdistros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-i386:
creatingnew distro: centos5.8-xen-i386
tryingsymlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-i386 ->/var/www/cobbler/links/centos5.8-xen-i386
creatingnew profile: centos5.8-xen-i386
creatingnew distro: centos5.8-i386
tryingsymlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-i386 ->/var/www/cobbler/links/centos5.8-i386
creatingnew profile: centos5.8-i386
associatingrepos
checkingfor rsync repo(s)
checkingfor rhn repo(s)
checkingfor yum repo(s)
startingdescent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-i386 for centos5.8-xen-i386
processingrepo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-i386
needto process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-i386
lookingfor /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-i386/repodata/*comps*.xml
running:createrepo -c cache -s sha --groupfile/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-i386/repodata/comps.xml /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-i386
1877/2669- CentOS/jakarta-commons-collections-testframework-javadoc-3.2-2jpp.3.2669/2669- CentOS/java-1.6.0-openjdk-demo-1.6.0.0-1.24.1.10.4.el5.i386.rpm
SavingPrimary metadata
Savingfile lists metadata
Savingother metadata
receivedon stderr: This option is deprecated
startingdescent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-i386 for centos5.8-i386
processingrepo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-i386
needto process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-i386
lookingfor /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-i386/repodata/*comps*.xml
***TASK COMPLETE ***
du-sh /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-i386/
3.7G /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-i386/
du -sh /root/CentOS-5.8-i386-bin-DVD-1of2.iso
3.7G /root/CentOS-5.8-i386-bin-DVD-1of2.iso
cobblerprofile edit --name=centos5.4-i686-x86_64 --kickstart= 制定ks.cfg路径
cobbler report
distros:
==========
Name : centos5.8-xen-i386
Architecture : i386
TFTPBoot Files : {}
Breed : redhat
Comment :
FetchableFiles : {}
Initrd :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-i386/images/xen/initrd.img
Kernel :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-i386/images/xen/vmlinuz
KernelOptions : {}
KernelOptions (Post Install) : {}
KickstartMetadata : {‘tree‘:‘http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/centos5.8-xen-i386‘}
ManagementClasses : []
OSVersion : rhel5
Owners : [‘admin‘]
RedHat Management Key :<<inherit>>
RedHat Management Server :<<inherit>>
TemplateFiles : {}
Name : centos5.8-i386
Architecture : i386
TFTPBoot Files : {}
Breed : redhat
Comment :
FetchableFiles : {}
Initrd :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-i386/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos5.8-i386/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
KernelOptions : {}
KernelOptions (Post Install) : {}
KickstartMetadata : {‘tree‘:‘http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/centos5.8-i386‘}
ManagementClasses : []
OSVersion : rhel5
Owners : [‘admin‘]
RedHat Management Key : <<inherit>>
RedHat Management Server :<<inherit>>
TemplateFiles : {}
profiles:
==========
Name : centos5.8-xen-i386
TFTPBoot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCPTag : default
Distribution : centos5.8-xen-i386
EnablegPXE? : 0
EnablePXE Menu? : 1
FetchableFiles : {}
KernelOptions : {}
KernelOptions (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart :/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.ks
KickstartMetadata : {}
ManagementClasses : []
ManagementParameters :<<inherit>>
NameServers : []
NameServers Search Path : []
Owners : [‘admin‘]
ParentProfile :
Proxy :
RedHat Management Key :<<inherit>>
RedHat Management Server :<<inherit>>
Repos : []
ServerOverride :<<inherit>>
TemplateFiles : {}
VirtAuto Boot : 1
VirtBridge : xenbr0
VirtCPUs : 1
VirtDisk Driver Type : raw
VirtFile Size(GB) : 5
VirtPath :
VirtRAM (MB) : 512
VirtType : xenpv
Name : centos5.8-i386
TFTPBoot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCPTag : default
Distribution : centos5.8-i386
EnablegPXE? : 0
EnablePXE Menu? : 1
FetchableFiles : {}
KernelOptions : {}
KernelOptions (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.ks
KickstartMetadata : {}
ManagementClasses : []
ManagementParameters :<<inherit>>
NameServers : []
NameServers Search Path : []
Owners : [‘admin‘]
ParentProfile :
Proxy :
RedHat Management Key :<<inherit>>
RedHat Management Server :<<inherit>>
Repos : []
ServerOverride :<<inherit>>
TemplateFiles : {}
VirtAuto Boot : 1
VirtBridge : xenbr0
VirtCPUs : 1
VirtDisk Driver Type : raw
VirtFile Size(GB) : 5
VirtPath :
VirtRAM (MB) : 512
VirtType : kvm
systems:
==========
repos:
==========
images:
==========
mgmtclasses:
==========
packages:
==========
files:
==========
service cobblerd restart
service httpd restart
service httpd restart
到此位置服务端就配置完成了，下面演示如何配置客户端
客户端，启动项调整为网卡启动
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