对象是特征（变量）与技能（函数）的结合体
而类是一系列对象共同的特征与技能的集合体
class teacher:
lesson = "python"
def __init__(self,name,color,age): # 只干初始化的活
self.name = name
if not isinstance(name,str):
raise TypeError
self.color = color
self.age = age
def jineng(self):
print('新技能')
t1 = teacher('as','pink',13) # t1可以成为teacher类的一个实例，或对象
class teacher:
# 特征
school = 'oldboy'
lesson_default = 'python'
# 技能
def __init__(self,name,age,sex,lesson2):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.sex = sex
self.lesson2 = lesson2
def speak(self):
print('讲课')
def eat(self):
print('吃饭')
t1 = teacher('alex','','男','运维')
t2 = teacher('egon','','男','运维')
类的用法一：实例化产生对象
类的用法二：属性引用
print(teacher.__dict__)
# 对象的属性
# 类的属性
# 属性，就是一个字典
# 对象查看一个属性，先从对象属性找，如果没有，就从类找
继承：
继承是用来创建新的类的一种方式，好处是可以减少重复代码
继承是类与类之间的关系，是一种什么是什么的关系
class People:
def __init__(self,name,age,sex):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.sex = sex
def walk(self):
print('%s is walking' %self.name)
def foo(self):
print('from father %s' %self.name)
class Teacher(People):
school = 'oldboy'
def __init__(self,name,age,sex,level,salary):
People.__init__(self,name,age,sex)
self.level = level
self.salary = salary
def bar(self):
People.foo(self)
print('from teacher')
class Student(People):
pass
t = Teacher('egon',13,'male',10,3000)
# print(t.name,t.age)
print(t.__dict__)
t.walk()
t.bar()
组合
组合是一种什么有什么的关系
class People:
def __init__(self, name, age, year, mon, day):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.birth = Date(year, mon, day) # 组合
def walk(self):
print('%s is walking' % self.name)
class Date:
def __init__(self, year, mon, day):
self.year = year
self.mon = mon
self.day = day
def tell_birth(self):
print('出生于<%s>年 <%s>月 <%s>日' % (self.year, self.mon, self.day))
class Teacher(People):
def __init__(self, name, age, year, mon, day, level, salary):
People.__init__(self, name, age, year, mon, day)
self.level = level
self.salary = salary
def teach(self):
print('%s is teaching' % self.name)
class Student(People):
def __init__(self, name, age, year, mon, day, group):
People.__init__(self, name, age, year, mon, day)
self.group = group
def study(self):
print('%s is studying' % self.name)
t = Teacher('egon', 12, 1991, 12, 12, 10, 1000)
t.teach()
t.walk()
print(t.level)
print(t.birth.tell_birth())
接口
1.子类必须要有父类的方法
2.子类实现的方法必须跟父类的方法的名字一样
class File:#定义接口Interface类来模仿接口的概念，python中压根就没有interface关键字来定义一个接口。
def read(self): #定接口函数read
pass
def write(self): #定义接口函数write
pass
class Txt(File): #文本，具体实现read和write
def du(self):
print('文本数据的读取方法')
def xie(self):
print('文本数据的读取方法')
class Sata(File): #磁盘，具体实现read和write
def read(self):
print('硬盘数据的读取方法')
def write(self):
print('硬盘数据的读取方法')
class Process(File):
def read(self):
print('进程数据的读取方法')
def write(self):
print('进程数据的读取方法')
txt=Txt()
disk=Sata()
process=Process()
txt.du()
# disk.read()
# process.read()
子类实现的方法必须跟父类的方法的名字一样
import abc
class File(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
@abc.abstractmethod
def read(self):
pass
@abc.abstractmethod
def write(self):
pass
class Txt(File): # 文本，具体实现read和write
def read(self):
pass
def write(self):
pass
t = Txt()