【引子】
在PyQt5自带教程中，地址簿(address book)程序没有完全实现界面与业务逻辑分离。
本文我打算用eric6+PyQt5对其进行改写，以实现界面与逻辑完全分离。
【概览】
1、界面：
2、功能简介：
程序有三种操作模式：浏览模式、添加模式、编辑模式。 其实现的功能都显式的体现在各个按钮上
3、主要步骤：
1）、在eric6中新建项目，新建窗体，取名为 addressbook.ui 文件
2）、（自动打开）进入PyQt5 Desinger，编辑图形界面，保存
3）、回到eric 6，对上一步得到的界面文件 addressbook.ui 文件右击，编译窗体，得到 Ui_addressbook.py 文件
4）、然后再对 addressbook.ui 文件右击，生成对话框代码，得到 addressbook.py 文件。（在addressbook.py中添加自己的程序逻辑）
5）、py2exe打包成exe文件（此步略）
4、涉及的知识点：
import sys, pickle
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSlot, QFile, QIODevice, Qt, QTextStream
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QDialog, QLabel, QLineEdit, QPushButton, QHBoxLayout, QMessageBox, QFileDialog, QApplication
【正文】
1、一般的步骤省略不表，接上面主要步骤第二步：
在Qt设计师中，将行编辑框(lineEdit)、文本编辑框(textEdit)、及十一个按钮(pushButton)的对象名(objectName)分别设置如下：
lineEdit_name（姓名输入框）
textEdit_address（地址输入框）
pushButton_add（添加 按钮）
pushButton_edit（编辑 按钮）
pushButton_remove（删除 按钮）
pushButton_find（查找 按钮）
pushButton_submit（提交 按钮）
pushButton_cancel（取消 按钮）
pushButton_load（导入 按钮）
pushButton_save（保存 按钮）
pushButton_export（导出 按钮）
pushButton_previous（前一个 按钮）
pushButton_next（后一个 按钮）
2、关闭Qt设计师，回到eric6
先右击addressbook.ui 文件，编译窗体，得到 Ui_addressbook.py 文件
然后再次右击addressbook.ui 文件，生成对话框代码，
在弹窗中勾选十一个按钮的 on_x_clicked() 事件，确定，得到 addressbook.py 文件。
3、对addressbook.py 文件执行下面四步处理：
1）、清空所有注释
2）、去掉一个多余的点，将
from .Ui_addressbook import Ui_Form
变成：
from Ui_addressbook import Ui_Form
3）、将所有clicked()下的代码改写为pass
@pyqtSlot() def on_pushButton_add_clicked(self): pass @pyqtSlot() def on_pushButton_edit_clicked(self): pass # ...
4）、在 addressbook.py 文件最后面加上下面几句代码：
if __name__ == '__main__': import sys from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication app = QApplication(sys.argv) dlg = Dialog() dlg.show() sys.exit(app.exec_())
最后，addressbook.py 看起来是这个样子：
1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 2 3 from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSlot 4 from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QDialog 5 6 from Ui_addressbook import Ui_Dialog 7 8 9 class Dialog(QDialog, Ui_Dialog): 10 def __init__(self, parent=None): 11 super(Dialog, self).__init__(parent) 12 self.setupUi(self) 13 14 @pyqtSlot() 15 def on_pushButton_add_clicked(self): 16 pass 17 18 @pyqtSlot() 19 def on_pushButton_edit_clicked(self): 20 pass 21 22 @pyqtSlot() 23 def on_pushButton_remove_clicked(self): 24 pass 25 26 @pyqtSlot() 27 def on_pushButton_find_clicked(self): 28 pass 29 30 @pyqtSlot() 31 def on_pushButton_submit_clicked(self): 32 pass 33 34 @pyqtSlot() 35 def on_pushButton_cancel_clicked(self): 36 pass 37 38 @pyqtSlot() 39 def on_pushButton_load_clicked(self): 40 pass 41 42 @pyqtSlot() 43 def on_pushButton_save_clicked(self): 44 pass 45 46 @pyqtSlot() 47 def on_pushButton_export_clicked(self): 48 pass 49 50 @pyqtSlot() 51 def on_pushButton_previous_clicked(self): 52 pass 53 54 @pyqtSlot() 55 def on_pushButton_next_clicked(self): 56 pass 57 58 if __name__ == '__main__': 59 import sys 60 from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication 61 62 app = QApplication(sys.argv) 63 dlg = Dialog() 64 dlg.show() 65 sys.exit(app.exec_())
4、下面添加逻辑代码
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import pickle from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSlot, QFile, QIODevice, Qt, QTextStream from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QDialog, QLabel, QLineEdit, QPushButton, QHBoxLayout, QMessageBox, QFileDialog from Ui_addressbook import Ui_Dialog class SortedDict(dict): class Iterator(object): def __init__(self, sorted_dict): self._dict = sorted_dict self._keys = sorted(self._dict.keys()) self._nr_items = len(self._keys) self._idx = 0 def __iter__(self): return self def next(self): if self._idx >= self._nr_items: raise StopIteration key = self._keys[self._idx] value = self._dict[key] self._idx += 1 return key, value __next__ = next def __iter__(self): return SortedDict.Iterator(self) iterkeys = __iter__ class FindDialog(QDialog): def __init__(self, parent=None): super(FindDialog, self).__init__(parent) findLabel = QLabel('输入要查找的联系人姓名：') self.lineEdit = QLineEdit() self.findButton = QPushButton('查找') self.findText = '' layout = QHBoxLayout() layout.addWidget(findLabel) layout.addWidget(self.lineEdit) layout.addWidget(self.findButton) self.setLayout(layout) self.setWindowTitle('查找联系人') self.findButton.clicked.connect(self.findClicked) self.findButton.clicked.connect(self.accept) def findClicked(self): text = self.lineEdit.text() if not text: QMessageBox.information(self, '姓名不能为空', '请输入一个姓名') return self.findText = text self.lineEdit.clear() self.hide() def getFindText(self): return self.findText class Dialog(QDialog, Ui_Dialog): NavigationMode, AddingMode, EditingMode = range(3) def __init__(self, parent=None): super(Dialog, self).__init__(parent) self.setupUi(self) self.pushButton_submit.hide() self.pushButton_cancel.hide() self.contacts = SortedDict() self.oldName = '' self.oldAddress = '' self.currentMode = self.NavigationMode self.dialog = FindDialog() @pyqtSlot() def on_pushButton_add_clicked(self): self.oldName = self.lineEdit_name.text() self.oldAddress = self.textEdit_address.toPlainText() self.lineEdit_name.clear() self.textEdit_address.clear() self.updateInterface(self.AddingMode) @pyqtSlot() def on_pushButton_edit_clicked(self): self.oldName = self.lineEdit_name.text() self.oldAddress = self.textEdit_address.toPlainText() self.updateInterface(self.EditingMode) @pyqtSlot() def on_pushButton_remove_clicked(self): name = self.lineEdit_name.text() address = self.textEdit_address.toPlainText() if name in self.contacts: button = QMessageBox.question(self, '确定删除','你真的确定要删除 {} 吗？'.format(name), QMessageBox.Yes | QMessageBox.No) if button == QMessageBox.Yes: self.on_pushButton_previous_clicked() del self.contacts[name] QMessageBox.information(self, '删除成功','{}已经从你的地址簿删除了！'.format(name)) self.updateInterface(self.NavigationMode) @pyqtSlot() def on_pushButton_find_clicked(self): self.dialog.show() if self.dialog.exec_() == QDialog.Accepted: contactName = self.dialog.getFindText() if contactName in self.contacts: self.lineEdit_name.setText(contactName) self.textEdit_address.setText(self.contacts[contactName]) else: QMessageBox.information(self, '找不到','抱歉，{}不在你的地址簿内！'.format(contactName)) return self.updateInterface(self.NavigationMode) @pyqtSlot() def on_pushButton_submit_clicked(self): name = self.lineEdit_name.text() address = self.textEdit_address.toPlainText() if name == "" or address == "": QMessageBox.information(self, '不能为空', '请输入姓名及地址！') return if self.currentMode == self.AddingMode: if name not in self.contacts: self.contacts[name] = address QMessageBox.information(self, '添加成功', '{} 已经添加到你的地址簿！'.format(name)) else: QMessageBox.information(self, '添加失败', '{} 已经存在于你的地址簿！'.format(name)) return elif self.currentMode == self.EditingMode: if self.oldName != name: if name not in self.contacts: QMessageBox.information(self, '编辑成功','{} 已经被编辑到你的地址簿！'.format(self.oldName)) del self.contacts[self.oldName] self.contacts[name] = address else: QMessageBox.information(self, '编辑失败','抱歉，{} 已经存在于你的地址簿！'.format(name)) return elif self.oldAddress != address: QMessageBox.information(self, '编辑成功','{} 已经被编辑到你的地址簿！'.format(name)) self.contacts[name] = address self.updateInterface(self.NavigationMode) @pyqtSlot() def on_pushButton_cancel_clicked(self): self.lineEdit_name.setText(self.oldName) self.textEdit_address.setText(self.oldAddress) self.updateInterface(self.NavigationMode) @pyqtSlot() def on_pushButton_load_clicked(self): fileName, _ = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(self, '打开地址簿', '', '地址簿文件 (*.abk);;所有文件 (*)') if not fileName: return try: in_file = open(str(fileName), 'rb') except IOError: QMessageBox.information(self, '不能打开文件','打开文件 {} 时发生错误！'.format(fileName)) return self.contacts = pickle.load(in_file) in_file.close() if len(self.contacts) == 0: QMessageBox.information(self, '文件中无联系人','你打开的文件中无联系人！') else: for name, address in self.contacts: self.lineEdit_name.setText(name) self.textEdit_address.setText(address) self.updateInterface(self.NavigationMode) @pyqtSlot() def on_pushButton_save_clicked(self): fileName, _ = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(self, '保存地址簿', '', '地址簿文件 (*.abk);;所有文件 (*)') if not fileName: return try: out_file = open(str(fileName), 'wb') except IOError: QMessageBox.information(self, '不能打开文件','打开文件 {} 时发生错误！'.format(fileName)) return pickle.dump(self.contacts, out_file) out_file.close() @pyqtSlot() def on_pushButton_export_clicked(self): name = str(self.lineEdit_name.text()) address = self.textEdit_address.toPlainText() nameList = name.split() if len(nameList) > 1: firstName = nameList[0] lastName = nameList[-1] else: firstName = name lastName = '' fileName, _ = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(self, '导出联系', '', 'vCard 文件 (*.vcf);;所有文件 (*)') if not fileName: return out_file = QFile(fileName) if not out_file.open(QIODevice.WriteOnly): QMessageBox.information(self, '不能打开文件', out_file.errorString()) return out_s = QTextStream(out_file) out_s << 'BEGIN:VCARD' << '\n' out_s << 'VERSION:2.1' << '\n' out_s << 'N:' << lastName << ';' << firstName << '\n' out_s << 'FN:' << ' '.join(nameList) << '\n' address.replace(';', '\\;') address.replace('\n', ';') address.replace(',', ' ') out_s << 'ADR;HOME:;' << address << '\n' out_s << 'END:VCARD' << '\n' QMessageBox.information(self, '导出成功','{} 已经被导出为 vCard ！'.format(name)) @pyqtSlot() def on_pushButton_previous_clicked(self): name = self.lineEdit_name.text() prev_name = prev_address = None for this_name, this_address in self.contacts: if this_name == name: break prev_name = this_name prev_address = this_address else: self.lineEdit_name.clear() self.textEdit_address.clear() return if prev_name is None: for prev_name, prev_address in self.contacts: pass self.lineEdit_name.setText(prev_name) self.textEdit_address.setText(prev_address) @pyqtSlot() def on_pushButton_next_clicked(self): name = self.lineEdit_name.text() it = iter(self.contacts) try: while True: this_name, _ = it.next() if this_name == name: next_name, next_address = it.next() break except StopIteration: next_name, next_address = iter(self.contacts).next() self.lineEdit_name.setText(next_name) self.textEdit_address.setText(next_address) def updateInterface(self, mode): self.currentMode = mode if self.currentMode in (self.AddingMode, self.EditingMode): self.lineEdit_name.setReadOnly(False) self.lineEdit_name.setFocus(Qt.OtherFocusReason) self.textEdit_address.setReadOnly(False) self.pushButton_add.setEnabled(False) self.pushButton_edit.setEnabled(False) self.pushButton_remove.setEnabled(False) self.pushButton_next.setEnabled(False) self.pushButton_previous.setEnabled(False) self.pushButton_submit.show() self.pushButton_cancel.show() self.pushButton_load.setEnabled(False) self.pushButton_save.setEnabled(False) self.pushButton_export.setEnabled(False) elif self.currentMode == self.NavigationMode: if not self.contacts: self.lineEdit_name.clear() self.textEdit_address.clear() self.lineEdit_name.setReadOnly(True) self.textEdit_address.setReadOnly(True) self.pushButton_add.setEnabled(True) number = len(self.contacts) self.pushButton_edit.setEnabled(number >= 1) self.pushButton_remove.setEnabled(number >= 1) self.pushButton_find.setEnabled(number > 2) self.pushButton_next.setEnabled(number > 1) self.pushButton_previous.setEnabled(number >1 ) self.pushButton_submit.hide() self.pushButton_cancel.hide() self.pushButton_export.setEnabled(number >= 1) self.pushButton_load.setEnabled(True) self.pushButton_save.setEnabled(number >= 1) if __name__ == '__main__': import sys from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication app = QApplication(sys.argv) dlg = Dialog() dlg.show() sys.exit(app.exec_())
5、程序运行界面