文件上传之后端黑白名单绕过

2021-09-04 03:07:52

文件上传常见验证

1. 后缀名

  • 黑名单：后端代码中明确不让上传的文件后缀名。
    比如：asp、php、jsp、aspx、cgi、war等
  • 白名单：后端代码中明确可以上传文件的类型
    比如：jpg、png、zip、rar、gif····

php5、phtml等格式未出现在黑名单中可以绕过，此类型与搭建平台的设置有关。

2. 文件类型

文件类型在http头信息中又称MIME信息。
具体表现在http头中的content-type信息中。

3. 文件头信息

文件头是位于文件开头的一段承担一定任务的数据，一般都在开头的部分。
常见文件的文件头：
JPEG (jpg)， 文件头：FFD8FF
PNG (png)， 　文件头：89504E47 文件尾：0000000049454E44AE426082
GIF (gif)， 文件头：47494638
ZIP Archive (zip)， 文件头：504B0304 文件尾：00000000
TIFF (tif)， 文件头：49492A00
Windows Bitmap (bmp)， 　 文件头：424D
CAD (dwg)， 文件头：41433130
Adobe Photoshop (psd)， 文件头：38425053
Rich Text Format (rtf)， 文件头：7B5C727466
XML (xml)， 文件头：3C3F786D6C
HTML (html)， 文件头：68746D6C3E
Email [thorough only] (eml)， 文件头：44656C69766572792D646174653A
Outlook Express (dbx)， 文件头：CFAD12FEC5FD746F
Outlook (pst)， 文件头：2142444E
MS Word/Excel (xls.or.doc)， 文件头：D0CF11E0
MS Access (mdb)， 文件头：5374616E64617264204A
WordPerfect (wpd)， 文件头：FF575043
Adobe Acrobat (pdf)， 文件头：255044462D312E
Quicken (qdf)， 文件头：AC9EBD8F
Windows Password (pwl)， 文件头：E3828596
RAR Archive (rar)， 文件头：52617221
Wave (wav)， 文件头：57415645
AVI (avi)， 文件头：41564920
Real Audio (ram)， 文件头：2E7261FD
Real Media (rm)， 文件头：2E524D46
MPEG (mpg)， 文件头：000001BA
MPEG (mpg)， 文件头：000001B3
Quicktime (mov)， 文件头：6D6F6F76
Windows Media (asf)， 文件头：3026B2758E66CF11
MIDI (mid)， 文件头：4D546864

相关靶场分析

1. upload-labs第2关(MIME绕过)

查看源码：

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST[‘submit‘])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        if (($_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘type‘] == ‘image/jpeg‘) || ($_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘type‘] == ‘image/png‘) || ($_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘type‘] == ‘image/gif‘)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘tmp_name‘];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH . ‘/‘ . $_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘name‘]            
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = ‘上传出错！‘;
            }
        } else {
            $msg = ‘文件类型不正确，请重新上传！‘;
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH.‘文件夹不存在,请手工创建！‘;
    }
}

通过代码分析，此关是判断上传的文件类型是否在白名单中，在就上传，否则上传失败。
绕过方法为修改上传文件类型为白名单中的任意一个即可。
文件上传之后端黑白名单绕过

2. upload-labs第3关(特殊解析后缀绕过)

查看源码：

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST[‘submit‘])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(‘.asp‘,‘.aspx‘,‘.php‘,‘.jsp‘);//拒绝的后缀名
        $file_name = trim($_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘name‘]);//去除接收过来的文件名中的空格
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, ‘.‘);//将“.”前面的内容截断
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = str_ireplace(‘::$DATA‘, ‘‘, $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //收尾去空

        if(!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘tmp_name‘];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.‘/‘.date("YmdHis").rand(1000,9999).$file_ext;            
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file,$img_path)) {
                 $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = ‘上传出错！‘;
            }
        } else {
            $msg = ‘不允许上传.asp,.aspx,.php,.jsp后缀文件！‘;
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . ‘文件夹不存在,请手工创建！‘;
    }
}

过滤条件为：

  • 过滤后缀名asp,aspx,php,jsp
  • 去除接收过来的文件名中的空格
  • 删除文件名末尾的点
  • 将“.”前面的内容截断
  • 后缀名转换为小写
  • 去除文件后缀含有::$DATA字符串变为空
  • 收尾去掉空格
    绕过方法为：使用特殊的后缀名，php5,phml等
    原因是apache服务器可以解析php5、php3、phtml格式的文件为php格式的文件。
    文件上传之后端黑白名单绕过

3. upload-labs第4关(.htaccess上传漏洞)

源码分析：

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST[‘submit‘])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".php1",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".pHp1",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".ini");
        $file_name = trim($_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘name‘]);
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, ‘.‘);
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = str_ireplace(‘::$DATA‘, ‘‘, $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //收尾去空

        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘tmp_name‘];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.‘/‘.$file_name;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = ‘上传出错！‘;
            }
        } else {
            $msg = ‘此文件不允许上传!‘;
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . ‘文件夹不存在,请手工创建！‘;
    }
}

可以看到限制上传的文件后缀名增多。
我们在本地创建.htaccess文件，
文件上传之后端黑白名单绕过
先将此文件上传至服务器。目的是在.htaccess文件所在的目录中所有格式文件按.htaccess文件规定的方式执行。
再上传一个名为shana.jpg的马即可。
访问http://127.0.0.1/upload-labs/upload/shana.jpg
文件上传之后端黑白名单绕过

4. upload-labs第5关(只进一次过滤检验)

源码分析：

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST[‘submit‘])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".htaccess");
        $file_name = trim($_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘name‘]);
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, ‘.‘);
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = str_ireplace(‘::$DATA‘, ‘‘, $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //首尾去空
        
        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘tmp_name‘];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.‘/‘.$file_name;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = ‘上传出错！‘;
            }
        } else {
            $msg = ‘此文件类型不允许上传！‘;
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . ‘文件夹不存在,请手工创建！‘;
    }
}

可知，过滤掉更多后缀名，且将.htaccess也过滤掉了。
只进行了一次过滤检验，可以使用".php. ."绕过
文件上传之后端黑白名单绕过
文件上传之后端黑白名单绕过

5. upload-labs第6关(大小写绕过)

源码：

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST[‘submit‘])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".htaccess",".ini");
        $file_name = trim($_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘name‘]);
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, ‘.‘);
        $file_ext = str_ireplace(‘::$DATA‘, ‘‘, $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //首尾去空

        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘tmp_name‘];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.‘/‘.date("YmdHis").rand(1000,9999).$file_ext;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = ‘上传出错！‘;
            }
        } else {
            $msg = ‘此文件类型不允许上传！‘;
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . ‘文件夹不存在,请手工创建！‘;
    }
}

源码中没有大小写过滤。
上传".PHp"可绕过
文件上传之后端黑白名单绕过

6. upload-labs第7关(后缀名末尾加空格绕过)

源码;

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST[‘submit‘])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".htaccess",".ini");
        $file_name = $_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘name‘];
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, ‘.‘);
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = str_ireplace(‘::$DATA‘, ‘‘, $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        
        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘tmp_name‘];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.‘/‘.date("YmdHis").rand(1000,9999).$file_ext;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file,$img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = ‘上传出错！‘;
            }
        } else {
            $msg = ‘此文件不允许上传‘;
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . ‘文件夹不存在,请手工创建！‘;
    }
}

源码中没有删除后缀名末尾空格，可增加空格进行绕过。
文件上传之后端黑白名单绕过
文件上传之后端黑白名单绕过

7. upload-labs第8关(后缀名加点绕过)

源码：

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST[‘submit‘])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".htaccess",".ini");
        $file_name = trim($_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘name‘]);
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, ‘.‘);
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = str_ireplace(‘::$DATA‘, ‘‘, $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //首尾去空
        
        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘tmp_name‘];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.‘/‘.$file_name;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = ‘上传出错！‘;
            }
        } else {
            $msg = ‘此文件类型不允许上传！‘;
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . ‘文件夹不存在,请手工创建！‘;
    }
}

分析得缺少删除末尾的点的操作。
抓包加点进行过滤。
文件上传之后端黑白名单绕过
文件上传之后端黑白名单绕过

8. upload-labs第9关(::$DATA绕过)

源码：

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST[‘submit‘])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".htaccess",".ini");
        $file_name = trim($_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘name‘]);
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, ‘.‘);
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //首尾去空
        
        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘tmp_name‘];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.‘/‘.date("YmdHis").rand(1000,9999).$file_ext;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = ‘上传出错！‘;
            }
        } else {
            $msg = ‘此文件类型不允许上传！‘;
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . ‘文件夹不存在,请手工创建！‘;
    }
}

分析得，少了去除文件名中的::$DATA字符串。
后缀名加::$DATA即可绕过。
文件上传之后端黑白名单绕过
文件上传之后端黑白名单绕过

9. upload-labs第10关(一次验证绕过)

方法同第5关
文件上传之后端黑白名单绕过
文件上传之后端黑白名单绕过

10. upload-labs第11关(后缀名重写绕过)

源码:

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST[‘submit‘])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array("php","php5","php4","php3","php2","html","htm","phtml","pht","jsp","jspa","jspx","jsw","jsv","jspf","jtml","asp","aspx","asa","asax","ascx","ashx","asmx","cer","swf","htaccess","ini");

        $file_name = trim($_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘name‘]);
        $file_name = str_ireplace($deny_ext,"", $file_name);
        $temp_file = $_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘tmp_name‘];
        $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.‘/‘.$file_name;        
        if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
            $is_upload = true;
        } else {
            $msg = ‘上传出错！‘;
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . ‘文件夹不存在,请手工创建！‘;
    }
}

分析得，若上传是黑名单中的后缀则删除后缀名。
只需复写后缀名即可绕过。
文件上传之后端黑白名单绕过
文件上传之后端黑白名单绕过

11. upload-labs第12关(%00截断)

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if(isset($_POST[‘submit‘])){
    $ext_arr = array(‘jpg‘,‘png‘,‘gif‘);
    $file_ext = substr($_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘name‘],strrpos($_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘name‘],".")+1);
    if(in_array($file_ext,$ext_arr)){
        $temp_file = $_FILES[‘upload_file‘][‘tmp_name‘];
        $img_path = $_GET[‘save_path‘]."/".rand(10, 99).date("YmdHis").".".$file_ext;

        if(move_uploaded_file($temp_file,$img_path)){
            $is_upload = true;
        } else {
            $msg = ‘上传出错！‘;
        }
    } else{
        $msg = "只允许上传.jpg|.png|.gif类型文件！";
    }
}

分析是取最后一个点后面的格式与白名单进行对比。
使用get传参，可用%00截断。绕过
文件上传之后端黑白名单绕过
文件上传之后端黑白名单绕过

文件上传之后端黑白名单绕过

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