// Connected-Component Labelling.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//如有是使用，请务必注明引用出处网站:http://www.cnblogs.com/AmatVictorialCuram/p/3524877.html,杜绝一切抄袭剽窃行为！//

// 11111111111.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#define M 10
#define N 10
using namespace std;

int minLabel(int a,int b)
{
    return (a>b)?b:a;
}
int maxLabel(int a,int b)
{
    return (a<b)?b:a;
}
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    int data[M][N];
    //int data[M][N]=
    //{
    //    0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,
    //    0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,
    //    0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,
    //    100,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,
    //    0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,
    //    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
    //    0,0,0,0,2,2,2,2,0,0,
    //    0,0,0,0,2,2,2,2,0,0,
    //    0,0,0,0,2,2,2,2,0,0,
    //    0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
    //};
   
    int dataLabel[M][N];//存储像素标记的矩阵，全部初始化为0.
    int i=0,j=0;//用来遍历所有元素的循环变量
    //int nIndex=0;//斑块数目索引
    int nNeighbour=0;//Connected像素的个数初始化为0

    int t=0;
    int replace=0;//测试发生标记替换的次数
    cout<<"输出原数组data[M][N]："<<endl;
    srand(time(NULL));
    for(i=0;i<M;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<N;j++)
        {
            //srand(time(0));
            data[i][j]=rand()%2;
            cout<<setw(3)<<data[i][j];
            dataLabel[i][j]=M*N;//标签数组的所有值均初始化为0
        }
        cout<<endl;
    }
    dataLabel[0][0]=1;//把左上角的第一个标签赋值为1
    int indexcolor=1;
    for(i=0;i<M;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<N;j++)
        {
            if(i==0)
            {
                if(j==0)
                    continue;
                if(data[i][j]==data[i][j-1])
                    dataLabel[i][j]=dataLabel[i][j-1];
                else
                {
                    dataLabel[i][j]=++indexcolor;
                }
                continue;
            }
            if(j==0)
            {
                if(data[i][j]==data[i-1][j])
                {
                    if(dataLabel[i-1][j]<dataLabel[i][j])
                        dataLabel[i][j]=dataLabel[i-1][j];
                }
                if(data[i][j]==data[i-1][j+1])
                {
                    if(dataLabel[i-1][j+1]<dataLabel[i][j])
                        dataLabel[i][j]=dataLabel[i-1][j+1];
                }
                if(dataLabel[i][j]==M*N)
                {
                    dataLabel[i][j]=++indexcolor;
                }
                continue;
            }
            //if(edgeCheckL(i,j) && data[i][j]==data[i][j-1])//左边的,
            if(j>0 && data[i][j]==data[i][j-1])
            {
                if(dataLabel[i][j-1]<dataLabel[i][j])
                    dataLabel[i][j]=dataLabel[i][j-1];

            }
            //if(edgeCheckLU(i,j) && data[i][j]==data[i-1][j-1])//左上角的
            if((i>0 && j>0)&& data[i][j]==data[i-1][j-1])
            {
                if(dataLabel[i-1][j-1]<dataLabel[i][j])
                    dataLabel[i][j]=dataLabel[i-1][j-1];
            }
            //if(edgeCheckU(i,j) && data[i][j]==data[i-1][j])//上面的
            if(i>0 && data[i][j]==data[i-1][j])
            {
                if(dataLabel[i-1][j]<dataLabel[i][j])
                    dataLabel[i][j]=dataLabel[i-1][j];
            }
            //if(edgeCheckUR(i,j) && data[i][j]==data[i-1][j+1])//右上角的
            if((i>0 && j<M-1) && data[i][j]==data[i-1][j+1])
            {
                if(dataLabel[i-1][j+1]<dataLabel[i][j])
                    dataLabel[i][j]=dataLabel[i-1][j+1];
            }
            if(dataLabel[i][j]==M*N)
                dataLabel[i][j]=++indexcolor;
        }
    }
    cout<<"输出第一次标记数组"<<endl<<endl;
    for(i=0;i<M;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<N;j++)
        {
            cout<<setw(3)<<dataLabel[i][j];
        }
        cout<<endl;
    }

    cout<<"合并首次生成的标签数组。。。。"<<endl<<endl;

    //合并：像素值相同，但是标签不同，就把标签值大的变为小的。
    for(i=0;i<M;i++)//行
    {
        for(j=0;j<N;j++)//列
        {
            if(i==0)//第0行,只判左边的！
            {
                if(j==0)//第一个元素
                {
                    j=1;//跳过第一个元素，直接从第二个元素：data[0][1]判断
                    //判断并执行合并：
                    if(data[i][j-1]==data[i][j] && dataLabel[i][j-1]!=dataLabel[i][j])//像素值相同  && 标签不同：合并！
                    {
                        //把所有的大标签替换为当前两个标签中的一个较小的值
                        //执行一次遍历
                        //cout<<"第"<<i<<"行"<<"第"<<j<<"列："<<"第"<<++replace<<"次替换"<<endl;
                        for(int m=0;m<M;m++)
                        {
                            for(int n=0;n<N;n++)
                            {//把大的标签替换为小的标签
                                if(dataLabel[m][n]==maxLabel(dataLabel[i][j],dataLabel[i][j-1]))
                                {
                                    dataLabel[m][n]=minLabel(dataLabel[i][j],dataLabel[i][j-1]);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            else//非0行
            {
                if(j==0)//第0列，但不是第一行的：只判断上、右上两个方向
                {
                    if(data[i-1][j]==data[i][j] && dataLabel[i-1][j]!=dataLabel[i][j])//像素值相同  && 标签不同：合并！
                    {
                        //把所有的大标签替换为当前两个标签中的一个较小的值
                        //执行一次遍历
                        //cout<<"第"<<i<<"行"<<"第"<<j<<"列："<<"第"<<++replace<<"次替换"<<endl;
                        for(int m=0;m<M;m++)
                        {
                            for(int n=0;n<N;n++)
                            {//把大的标签替换为小的标签
                                if(dataLabel[m][n]==maxLabel(dataLabel[i][j],dataLabel[i-1][j]))
                                {
                                    dataLabel[m][n]=minLabel(dataLabel[i][j],dataLabel[i-1][j]);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if(data[i-1][j+1]==data[i][j] && dataLabel[i-1][j=1]!=dataLabel[i][j])//像素值相同  && 标签不同：合并！
                    {
                        //把所有的大标签替换为当前两个标签中的一个较小的值
                        //执行一次遍历
                        //cout<<"第"<<i<<"行"<<"第"<<j<<"列："<<"第"<<++replace<<"次替换"<<endl;
                        for(int m=0;m<M;m++)
                        {
                            for(int n=0;n<N;n++)
                            {//把大的标签替换为小的标签
                                if(dataLabel[m][n]==maxLabel(dataLabel[i][j],dataLabel[i-1][j+1]))
                                {
                                    dataLabel[m][n]=minLabel(dataLabel[i][j],dataLabel[i-1][j+1]);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                else if(j==M-1)//非0行且最后一列的：判断左、左上、上三个方向
                {
                    if(data[i][j-1]==data[i][j] && dataLabel[i][j-1]!=dataLabel[i][j])//像素值相同  && 标签不同：合并！
                    {
                        //把所有的大标签替换为当前两个标签中的一个较小的值
                        //执行一次遍历
                        //cout<<"第"<<i<<"行"<<"第"<<j<<"列："<<"第"<<++replace<<"次替换"<<endl;
                        for(int m=0;m<M;m++)
                        {
                            for(int n=0;n<N;n++)
                            {//把大的标签替换为小的标签
                                if(dataLabel[m][n]==maxLabel(dataLabel[i][j],dataLabel[i][j-1]))
                                {
                                    dataLabel[m][n]=minLabel(dataLabel[i][j],dataLabel[i][j-1]);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if(data[i-1][j-1]==data[i][j] && dataLabel[i-1][j-1]!=dataLabel[i][j])//像素值相同  && 标签不同：合并！
                    {
                        //把所有的大标签替换为当前两个标签中的一个较小的值
                        //执行一次遍历
                        //cout<<"第"<<i<<"行"<<"第"<<j<<"列："<<"第"<<++replace<<"次替换"<<endl;
                        for(int m=0;m<M;m++)
                        {
                            for(int n=0;n<N;n++)
                            {//把大的标签替换为小的标签
                                if(dataLabel[m][n]==maxLabel(dataLabel[i][j],dataLabel[i-1][-1]))
                                {
                                    dataLabel[m][n]=minLabel(dataLabel[i][j],dataLabel[i-1][j-1]);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if(data[i-1][j]==data[i][j] && dataLabel[i-1][j]!=dataLabel[i][j])//像素值相同  && 标签不同：合并！
                    {
                        //把所有的大标签替换为当前两个标签中的一个较小的值
                        //执行一次遍历
                        //cout<<"第"<<i<<"行"<<"第"<<j<<"列："<<"第"<<++replace<<"次替换"<<endl;
                        for(int m=0;m<M;m++)
                        {
                            for(int n=0;n<N;n++)
                            {//把大的标签替换为小的标签
                                if(dataLabel[m][n]==maxLabel(dataLabel[i][j],dataLabel[i-1][j]))
                                {
                                    dataLabel[m][n]=minLabel(dataLabel[i][j],dataLabel[i-1][j]);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                   
                }
                else//非0行且（既不是第一列，也不是最后一列的）：判断左、左上、上、右上四个方向
                {
                    if(data[i][j-1]==data[i][j] && dataLabel[i][j-1]!=dataLabel[i][j])//像素值相同  && 标签不同：合并！
                    {
                        //把所有的大标签替换为当前两个标签中的一个较小的值
                        //执行一次遍历
                        //cout<<"第"<<i<<"行"<<"第"<<j<<"列："<<"第"<<++replace<<"次替换"<<endl;
                        for(int m=0;m<M;m++)
                        {
                            for(int n=0;n<N;n++)
                            {//把大的标签替换为小的标签
                                if(dataLabel[m][n]==maxLabel(dataLabel[i][j],dataLabel[i][j-1]))
                                {
                                    dataLabel[m][n]=minLabel(dataLabel[i][j],dataLabel[i][j-1]);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if(data[i-1][j-1]==data[i][j] && dataLabel[i-1][j-1]!=dataLabel[i][j])//像素值相同  && 标签不同：合并！
                    {
                        //把所有的大标签替换为当前两个标签中的一个较小的值
                        //执行一次遍历
                        //cout<<"第"<<i<<"行"<<"第"<<j<<"列："<<"第"<<++replace<<"次替换"<<endl;
                        for(int m=0;m<M;m++)
                        {
                            for(int n=0;n<N;n++)
                            {//把大的标签替换为小的标签
                                if(dataLabel[m][n]==maxLabel(dataLabel[i][j],dataLabel[i-1][-1]))
                                {
                                    dataLabel[m][n]=minLabel(dataLabel[i][j],dataLabel[i-1][j-1]);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    if(data[i-1][j]==data[i][j] && dataLabel[i-1][j]!=dataLabel[i][j])//像素值相同  && 标签不同：合并！
                    {
                        //把所有的大标签替换为当前两个标签中的一个较小的值
                        //执行一次遍历
                        //cout<<"第"<<i<<"行"<<"第"<<j<<"列："<<"第"<<++replace<<"次替换"<<endl;
                        for(int m=0;m<M;m++)
                        {
                            for(int n=0;n<N;n++)
                            {//把大的标签替换为小的标签
                                if(dataLabel[m][n]==maxLabel(dataLabel[i][j],dataLabel[i-1][j]))
                                {
                                    dataLabel[m][n]=minLabel(dataLabel[i][j],dataLabel[i-1][j]);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                                        if(data[i-1][j+1]==data[i][j] && dataLabel[i-1][j+1]!=dataLabel[i][j])//像素值相同  && 标签不同：合并！
                    {
                        //把所有的大标签替换为当前两个标签中的一个较小的值
                        //执行一次遍历
                        //cout<<"第"<<i<<"行"<<"第"<<j<<"列："<<"第"<<++replace<<"次替换"<<endl;
                        for(int m=0;m<M;m++)
                        {
                            for(int n=0;n<N;n++)
                            {//把大的标签替换为小的标签
                                if(dataLabel[m][n]==maxLabel(dataLabel[i][j],dataLabel[i-1][j+1]))
                                {
                                    dataLabel[m][n]=minLabel(dataLabel[i][j],dataLabel[i-1][j+1]);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

        }
    }
    t=1;

    cout<<"输出合并后的标签数组dataLabel:"<<endl;
    for(i=0;i<M;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<N;j++)
        {
            if(dataLabel[i][j]>t)
            {
                t++;
            }
            cout<<setw(3)<<dataLabel[i][j];
           
        }
        cout<<endl;
    }
    cout<<endl<<"t="<<t<<endl;
    return 0;
}

Connected_Component Labelling（联通区域标记算法） C++实现