单元测试不可测试那些类(无抽象、静态类、静态方法)

实际上“单元测试不可测试那些类(无抽象、静态类、静态方法)”是个伪命题,因为事实是:无抽象、静态类、静态方法都是不可单元测试的。那么,如果我们要写出可测试的代码,又要用到这些静态类等,该怎么办,实际上我们需要两个步骤:

1:为它们写一个包装类,让这个包装类是抽象的(继承自接口,或者抽象类,或者方法本身是Virtual的);

2:通知客户端程序员,使用包装类来代替原先的静态类来写业务逻辑;

实际上,微软也是这么干的,我在上一篇博文《单元测试WebForm的UI逻辑及文件上传》写到,最典型的不可测试类,那就是WebForm架构的网站中,对Response等的模拟。查看Response这个类: 

namespace System.Web
{
    public sealed class HttpResponse
    {
        ...
    }
}

很明显,如果我们在某个WebForm的后台方法中,直接使用它的话:

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EvengArgs e)
{
  this.Response.Write("test u");
}

该后台代码逻辑就无法进行单元测试了,因为类似MOQ的框架所依赖的是代码本身具有可被重写行,如果某个类本身是静态的,就无法在运行时用模拟类替换掉实际类。

所以,写一个包装类吧,我们看到微软为Response写了一个包装类,为HttpResponseWrapper:

单元测试不可测试那些类(无抽象、静态类、静态方法)单元测试不可测试那些类(无抽象、静态类、静态方法)View Code
namespace System.Web
{
    [TypeForwardedFrom("System.Web.Abstractions, Version=3.5.0.0, Culture=Neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35")]
    public class HttpResponseWrapper : HttpResponseBase
    {
        public override bool Buffer
        {
            get
            {
            }
            set
            {
            }
        }
        public override bool BufferOutput
        {
            get
            {
            }
            set
            {
            }
        }
        public override HttpCachePolicyBase Cache
        {
            get
            {
            }
        }
        public override string CacheControl
        {
            get
            {
            }
            set
            {
            }
        }
        public override string Charset
        {
            get
            {
            }
            set
            {
            }
        }
        public override CancellationToken ClientDisconnectedToken
        {
            get
            {
            }
        }
        public override Encoding ContentEncoding
        {
            get
            {
            }
            set
            {
            }
        }
        public override string ContentType
        {
            get
            {
            }
            set
            {
            }
        }
        public override HttpCookieCollection Cookies
        {
            get
            {
            }
        }
        public override int Expires
        {
            get
            {
            }
            set
            {
            }
        }
        public override DateTime ExpiresAbsolute
        {
            get
            {
            }
            set
            {
            }
        }
        public override Stream Filter
        {
            get
            {
            }
            set
            {
            }
        }
        public override NameValueCollection Headers
        {
            get
            {
            }
        }
        public override Encoding HeaderEncoding
        {
            get
            {
            }
            set
            {
            }
        }
        public override bool IsClientConnected
        {
            get
            {
            }
        }
        public override bool IsRequestBeingRedirected
        {
            get
            {
            }
        }
        public override TextWriter Output
        {
            get
            {
            }
            set
            {
            }
        }
        public override Stream OutputStream
        {
            get
            {
            }
        }
        public override string RedirectLocation
        {
            get
            {
            }
            set
            {
            }
        }
        public override string Status
        {
            get
            {
            }
            set
            {
            }
        }
        public override int StatusCode
        {
            get
            {
            }
            set
            {
            }
        }
        public override string StatusDescription
        {
            get
            {
            }
            set
            {
            }
        }
        public override int SubStatusCode
        {
            get
            {
            }
            set
            {
            }
        }
        public override bool SupportsAsyncFlush
        {
            get
            {
            }
        }
        public override bool SuppressContent
        {
            get
            {
            }
            set
            {
            }
        }
        public override bool SuppressFormsAuthenticationRedirect
        {
            get
            {
            }
            set
            {
            }
        }
        public override bool TrySkipIisCustomErrors
        {
            get
            {
            }
            set
            {
            }
        }
        public HttpResponseWrapper(HttpResponse httpResponse)
        {
        }
        public override void AddCacheItemDependency(string cacheKey)
        {
        }
        public override void AddCacheItemDependencies(ArrayList cacheKeys)
        {
        }
        public override void AddCacheItemDependencies(string[] cacheKeys)
        {
        }
        public override void AddCacheDependency(params CacheDependency[] dependencies)
        {
        }
        public override void AddFileDependency(string filename)
        {
        }
        public override void AddFileDependencies(ArrayList filenames)
        {
        }
        public override void AddFileDependencies(string[] filenames)
        {
        }
        public override void AddHeader(string name, string value)
        {
        }
        public override void AppendCookie(HttpCookie cookie)
        {
        }
        public override void AppendHeader(string name, string value)
        {
        }
        public override void AppendToLog(string param)
        {
        }
        public override string ApplyAppPathModifier(string virtualPath)
        {
        }
        public override IAsyncResult BeginFlush(AsyncCallback callback, object state)
        {
        }
        public override void BinaryWrite(byte[] buffer)
        {
        }
        public override void Clear()
        {
        }
        public override void ClearContent()
        {
        }
        public override void ClearHeaders()
        {
        }
        public override void Close()
        {
        }
        public override void DisableKernelCache()
        {
        }
        public override void DisableUserCache()
        {
        }
        public override void End()
        {
        }
        public override void EndFlush(IAsyncResult asyncResult)
        {
        }
        public override void Flush()
        {
        }
        public override void Pics(string value)
        {
        }
        public override void Redirect(string url)
        {
        }
        public override void Redirect(string url, bool endResponse)
        {
        }
        public override void RedirectPermanent(string url)
        {
        }
        public override void RedirectPermanent(string url, bool endResponse)
        {
        }
        public override void RedirectToRoute(object routeValues)
        {
        }
        public override void RedirectToRoute(string routeName)
        {
        }
        public override void RedirectToRoute(RouteValueDictionary routeValues)
        {
        }
        public override void RedirectToRoute(string routeName, object routeValues)
        {
        }
        public override void RedirectToRoute(string routeName, RouteValueDictionary routeValues)
        {
        }
        public override void RedirectToRoutePermanent(object routeValues)
        {
        }
        public override void RedirectToRoutePermanent(string routeName)
        {
        }
        public override void RedirectToRoutePermanent(RouteValueDictionary routeValues)
        {
        }
        public override void RedirectToRoutePermanent(string routeName, object routeValues)
        {
        }
        public override void RedirectToRoutePermanent(string routeName, RouteValueDictionary routeValues)
        {
        }
        public override void RemoveOutputCacheItem(string path)
        {
        }
        public override void RemoveOutputCacheItem(string path, string providerName)
        {
        }
        public override void SetCookie(HttpCookie cookie)
        {
        }
        public override void TransmitFile(string filename)
        {
        }
        public override void TransmitFile(string filename, long offset, long length)
        {
        }
        public override void Write(string s)
        {
        }
        public override void Write(char ch)
        {
        }
        public override void Write(char[] buffer, int index, int count)
        {
        }
        public override void Write(object obj)
        {
        }
        public override void WriteFile(string filename)
        {
        }
        public override void WriteFile(string filename, bool readIntoMemory)
        {
        }
        public override void WriteFile(string filename, long offset, long size)
        {
        }
        public override void WriteFile(IntPtr fileHandle, long offset, long size)
        {
        }
        public override void WriteSubstitution(HttpResponseSubstitutionCallback callback)
        {
        }
    }
}

光从代码本身的角度来说,可以说这个类什么事情也没做,但是它为我们提供了一个抽象体系(从抽象类HttpResponseBase继承),这样的话,我们的客户端代码就可以改写为:

protected HttpResponseBase _response;

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EvengArgs e)
{
  _response.Write("test u");
}

OK,可测试了,因为我们可以在某个地方注入依赖给_response了。

注意,包装类的撰写,还可以使用接口,或者干脆也仅仅只是一个类,只要让被包装的这个同名的方法是virtual的就可以了。

另外,不可测试的那些类,可能往往已经作为稳定版本提交给客户了,我们就不能修改源代码然后告诉客户说你替换下我们的DLL吧,所以,为了让客户端程序员找到我们的包装类,可以让包装类以及被包装的类使用同一个命名空间。 

单元测试不可测试那些类(无抽象、静态类、静态方法)本文基于Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 China Mainland License发布,欢迎转载,演绎或用于商业目的,但是必须保留本文的署名http://www.cnblogs.com/luminji(包含链接)。如您有任何疑问或者授权方面的协商,请给我留言。
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