1、在实际项目开发中,会使用到很多缓存技术,而且数据库的设计一般也会依赖于有缓存的情况下设计。
- 常用的缓存分两种:本地缓存和分布式缓存。
- 常用的本地缓存是guava cache,本章主要介绍guava cache在项目中的使用。
关于常用缓存以及每种缓存常用场景的介绍,之后可以去查看我记录的"Java缓存相关"系列博客。链接如下:
2、实际使用
本项目的代码基于第六章的代码进行构建,这里只列出修改过的代码:
2.1、ssmm0-data
pom.xml:
<!-- guava cache -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
<version>14.0.1</version>
</dependency>
在pom.xml中引入了guava cache14.0.1的依赖包。
AdminMapper:
package com.xxx.mapper.userManagement; import java.util.List; import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Insert;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Result;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Results;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select; import com.xxx.model.userManagement.Admin; /**
* 管理员Mapper
*/
public interface AdminMapper { /**************注解**************/
@Insert("INSERT INTO userinfo(username, password) VALUES(#{username},#{password})")
public int insertAdmin(Admin admin); @Select("SELECT * FROM userinfo WHERE username = #{username} AND password = #{password}")
@Results(value = {
@Result(id = true, column = "id", property = "id"),
@Result(column = "username", property = "username"),
@Result(column = "password", property = "password") })
public Admin selectAdmin(@Param("username") String username,
@Param("password") String password); /***************xml**************/
/**
* 条件不定式查询
* 我们这里使用@Param指定参数,这样的话,在AdminMapper.xml中就不用再使用parameterType属性了;否则得写parameterType属性
*/
public List<Admin> getAdminByConditions(@Param("username")String username,
@Param("password")String password,
@Param("start")int start,
@Param("limit")int limit); /**
* 返回主键
*/
public int insertAdminWithBackId(Admin admin); /****************guava cache*****************/
@Select("SELECT * FROM userinfo WHERE username = #{username}")
@Results(value = {
@Result(id = true, column = "id", property = "id"),
@Result(column = "username", property = "username"),
@Result(column = "password", property = "password") })
public List<Admin> getUserByName(@Param("username") String username);
}
将使用到的两个方法:
- public List<Admin> getUserByName(String username)
- public List<Admin> getAdminByConditions(String username, String password, int start, int limit)
AdminDao:
package com.xxx.dao.userManagement; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import com.xxx.mapper.userManagement.AdminMapper;
import com.xxx.model.userManagement.Admin; /**
* 管理员DAO
*/
@Repository
public class AdminDao {
@Autowired
private AdminMapper adminMapper;
/***************注解*****************/
public boolean register(Admin admin){
return adminMapper.insertAdmin(admin)==1?true:false;
} public Admin login(String username ,String password){
return adminMapper.selectAdmin(username, password);
}
/****************xml******************/
public List<Admin> findAdmin(String username, String password, int start, int limit){
return adminMapper.getAdminByConditions(username, password, start, limit);
} public int insertAdminWithBackId(Admin admin){
return adminMapper.insertAdminWithBackId(admin);
}
/******************guava cache********************/
public List<Admin> getUserByName(String username){
return adminMapper.getUserByName(username);
}
}
将使用到的两个方法:
- public List<Admin> getUserByName(String username)
- public List<Admin> findAdmin(String username, String password, int start, int limit)
AdminService:
package com.xxx.service.userManagement; import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;
import com.google.common.cache.CacheLoader;
import com.google.common.cache.LoadingCache;
import com.xxx.dao.userManagement.AdminDao;
import com.xxx.model.userManagement.Admin;
import com.xxx.vo.userManagement.AdminCacheKey; /**
* 管理员service
*/
@Service
public class AdminService {
@Autowired
private AdminDao adminDao; public boolean register(Admin admin) {
return adminDao.register(admin);
} public Admin login(String username, String password) {
return adminDao.login(username, password);
} /*********** 以下方法是为了测试mybatis中使用xml **********/
public List<Admin> findAdmin(String username,
String password,
int start,
int limit) {
return adminDao.findAdmin(username, password, start, limit);
} public Admin insertAdminWithBackId(Admin admin) {
int record = adminDao.insertAdminWithBackId(admin);
if (record == 1) {
return admin;// 这时的admin已经被赋予主键了
}
return null;
} /************************ guava cache *************************/
/************单条件的查询,key为String***********/
public List<Admin> findByUsername(String username) {
List<Admin> adminList = null;
try {
adminList = adminListCache.get(username);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return adminList;
} LoadingCache<String, List<Admin>> adminListCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
.expireAfterWrite(20, TimeUnit.MINUTES)// 缓存20分钟
.maximumSize(1000)// 最多缓存1000个对象
.build(new CacheLoader<String, List<Admin>>() {
public List<Admin> load(String username) throws Exception {
return adminDao.getUserByName(username);
}
}); /************多条件的查询,key为Object(封装了多个条件的VO类)***********/
public List<Admin> findAdminList(String username,
String password,
int start,
int limit) {
/*
* 注意:
* 如果以一个新建的对象做为key的话,因为每次都是新建一个对象,所以这样的话,实际上每次访问key都是不同的,即每次访问都是重新进行缓存;
* 但是实际上,我们想要根据对象的属性来判断对象是否相等,只需要根据这些属性重写对象的hashCode与equals方法即可,
* 所以重写了AdminCacheKey类的hashCode和equals方法,这样,每次访问的话,就会以每个条件是否相等来判断对象(即key)是否相等了,这一块儿的缓存就会起作用了
*/
AdminCacheKey cacheKey = new AdminCacheKey(username,
password,
start,
limit);
List<Admin> adminList = null;
try {
System.out.println(cacheKey);
adminList = adminsCache.get(cacheKey);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return adminList;
} LoadingCache<AdminCacheKey, List<Admin>> adminsCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
.expireAfterWrite(60, TimeUnit.MINUTES) // 缓存项在给定时间内(60min)没有被写访问(创建或覆盖),则回收
.maximumSize(100) // 最多缓存100项
.build(new CacheLoader<AdminCacheKey, List<Admin>>() {
public List<Admin> load(AdminCacheKey key) throws Exception {
return adminDao.findAdmin(key.getUsername(),
key.getPassword(),
key.getStart(),
key.getLimit());
}
}); }
将使用到的两个方法:
- public List<Admin> findByUsername(String username)
- public List<Admin> findAdminList(String username, String password, int start, int limit)
这一块儿是整个guava cache使用的部分。这里边写出了两种guava cache使用的方式:
- 单查询条件:key为String或Object都可以
- 多查询条件:key为Object,该Object封装了多个查询条件,并通过这些查询条件重写了该Object的hashcode()和equals()
这一部分中guava cache的使用方式,就是实际开发中最常用的方法。
AdminCacheKey:
package com.xxx.vo.userManagement; /**
* guava cache的key
*/
public class AdminCacheKey {
private String username;
private String password;
private int start;
private int limit; public AdminCacheKey() {
} public AdminCacheKey(String username, String password, int start, int limit) {
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
this.start = start;
this.limit = limit;
} public String getUsername() {
return username;
} public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
} public String getPassword() {
return password;
} public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
} public int getStart() {
return start;
} public void setStart(int start) {
this.start = start;
} public int getLimit() {
return limit;
} public void setLimit(int limit) {
this.limit = limit;
} @Override
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime * result + limit;
result = prime * result
+ ((password == null) ? 0 : password.hashCode());
result = prime * result + start;
result = prime * result
+ ((username == null) ? 0 : username.hashCode());
return result;
} @Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (obj == null)
return false;
if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
AdminCacheKey other = (AdminCacheKey) obj;
if (limit != other.limit)
return false;
if (password == null) {
if (other.password != null)
return false;
} else if (!password.equals(other.password))
return false;
if (start != other.start)
return false;
if (username == null) {
if (other.username != null)
return false;
} else if (!username.equals(other.username))
return false;
return true;
}
}
该类是封装了多个查询条件的一个VO类。
2.2、ssmm0-userManagement
AdminController:
package com.xxx.web.admin; import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import com.xxx.model.userManagement.Admin;
import com.xxx.service.userManagement.AdminService;
import com.xxx.util.admin.AdminCookieUtil; /**
* adminController
*/
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/admin")
public class AdminController { @Autowired
private AdminService adminService; /**
* 管理员注册
*/
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/register")
public boolean register(@RequestParam("username") String username,
@RequestParam("password") String password){
Admin admin = new Admin();
admin.setUsername(username);
admin.setPassword(password); boolean isRegisterSuccess = adminService.register(admin); return isRegisterSuccess;
} /**
* 管理员登录
*/
@RequestMapping("/login")
public ModelAndView login(@RequestParam("username") String username,
@RequestParam("password") String password,
HttpServletResponse response,
HttpSession session){ Admin admin = adminService.login(username, password); ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
if(admin == null){
modelAndView.addObject("message", "用户不存在或者密码错误!请重新输入");
modelAndView.setViewName("error");
}else{
modelAndView.addObject("admin", admin);
modelAndView.setViewName("userinfo");
/*
* 这为什么不直接传一个username,而传了一个admin,
* 是因为在实际开发中,你传过去的信息可能不只是username,还有用户手机号、地址等等
*/
//使用cookie
AdminCookieUtil.addLoginCookie(admin, response);
//使用session
//session.setAttribute("adminSession", admin);
} return modelAndView;
} /*****************************mybatis xml方式解决的问题*******************************/
/**
* 根据username或password查找List<Admin>
*/
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/findAdmin")
public List<Admin> findAdmin(@RequestParam(value="username",required=false) String username,
@RequestParam(value="password",required=false) String password,
@RequestParam("start") int start,
@RequestParam("limit") int limit,
HttpServletRequest request,
HttpSession session){
Admin admin = AdminCookieUtil.getLoginCookie(request);
//Admin admin = (Admin) session.getAttribute("adminSession"); if(admin == null){//未登录
return null;
}
System.out.println(admin.toJson());
List<Admin> adminList = adminService.findAdmin(username, password, start, limit);
return adminList;
} /**
* 插入一个用户并返回主键
* 注意:get请求也会自动装配(即将前台传入的username和password传入admin)
*/
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/insert")
public Admin insertAdminWithBackId(Admin admin){
return adminService.insertAdminWithBackId(admin);
}
/*************************guava cache******************************/
/**
* 根据username查找List<Admin>
*/
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/findAdminByUsername")
public List<Admin> findAdminByUserName(@RequestParam(value="username") String username){ List<Admin> adminList = adminService.findByUsername(username);
return adminList;
} @ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/findAdminList")
public List<Admin> findAdminList(@RequestParam(value="username") String username,
@RequestParam(value="password",required=false) String password,
@RequestParam("start") int start,
@RequestParam("limit") int limit){ List<Admin> adminList = adminService.findAdminList(username, password, start, limit);
return adminList;
}
}
将使用到的两个方法:
- public List<Admin> findAdminByUserName(String username)
- public List<Admin> findAdminList(String username, String password, int start, int limit)
3、测试
- 单元测试:使用springJunit去测就行
- 整体测试:代码写好之后,注意对代码去做测试的方法,先运行相应的controller的方法,然后对查询出来的部分数据在数据库中直接进行修改,再运行之前的controller对应的方法。出现两种结果:
- 第二次运行与第一次结果相同:缓存成功
- 第二次运行与第一次结果不同:缓存不成功
4、总结:
- 常用的几个API:
- get(Object key):首先获取value-->若获取不到,先缓存-->再从缓存中去取(以上三步是原子操作),使用该方法优先于使用put
- getIfPresent(Object key):获取value,若获取不到,返回null;若获取的到,返回value
- put(Object key, Object value):显示的添加缓存key-value
-
guava cache的get(Object key)的value不能为null(这个可以去看源代码的注释),看下边的代码例子:
LoadingCache<String, List<Admin>> adminListCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
.expireAfterWrite(20, TimeUnit.MINUTES)// 缓存20分钟
.maximumSize(1000)// 最多缓存1000个对象
.build(new CacheLoader<String, List<Admin>>() {
public List<Admin> load(String username) throws Exception {
//1、下边这样null的话,不抛异常
/*List<Admin> admins = adminDao.getUserByName(username);
if(admins==null){
return null;
}
return admins;*/
//2、但是如果这里查询出来的结果为null的话,也没关系
//return adminDao.getUserByName(username);
//3、如果这里直接返回null,就会出现com.google.common.cache.CacheLoader$InvalidCacheLoadException
return null;
}
});注意:该代码中的三种null情况,只有第三种会抛出异常。前两种不为空的原因是因为,即使admins没有元素,admins也不会是null,而是[],这应该是mybatis的功劳?!这个是个问题,以后在读mybatis源码的时候,会仔细研究!!!但是实际使用中,我们判断一个list是否为空,会使用CollectionUtil.isNotEmpty(list)类似于下边这样,就会抛出异常了。
LoadingCache<String, List<Admin>> adminListCache = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
.expireAfterWrite(20, TimeUnit.MINUTES)// 缓存20分钟
.maximumSize(1000)// 最多缓存1000个对象
.build(new CacheLoader<String, List<Admin>>() {
public List<Admin> load(String username) throws Exception {
//1、下边这样null的话,不抛异常
List<Admin> admins = adminDao.getUserByName(username);
//System.out.println(admins);//如果admins为空,不会返回null,而是返回[]
if(CollectionUtils.isEmpty(admins)){
System.out.println(admins+"-->");
return null;
}
return admins;
//2、但是如果这里查询出来的结果为null的话,也没关系
//return adminDao.getUserByName(username);
//3、如果这里直接返回null,就会出现com.google.common.cache.CacheLoader$InvalidCacheLoadException
//return null;
}
});但是,为了在guava cache的使用中不抛出异常,我们这里直接使用下边这句就好了,由mybatis将[]返回就好了。
return adminDao.getUserByName(username);