之前使用Cobbler搭建自动安装系统,最近Cobbler网站http://www.cobblerd.org/无法访问,执行命令cobbler get-loaders下载获取PXE启动需要的文件时报404,即使下载成功,所有文件都为0字节,导致服务器安装系统自动获取到IP地址后卡住。不得已自己想办法解决,重新用Nginx DHCP TFTP Kickstart搭建了一套自动安装系统。Nginx安装和配置都挺简单,代替了Cobbler中使用的Apache。
虚拟环境
网段:192.168.200.0
掩码:255.255.255.0
网关:192.168.200.2
自动安装系统地址:192.168.200.10
DHCP分配地址范围:192.168.200.11 - 192.168.200.254
一、安装配置Nginx
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下载编译安装Nginx
cd /App/src wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz tar zxf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz cd nginx-1.8.0 ./configure \ --prefix=/App/nginx \ --without-http_access_module \ --without-http_auth_basic_module \ --without-http_browser_module \ --without-http_empty_gif_module \ --without-http_fastcgi_module \ --without-http_geo_module \ --without-http_limit_conn_module \ --without-http_limit_req_module \ --without-http_map_module \ --without-http_memcached_module \ --without-http_proxy_module \ --without-http_referer_module \ --without-http_rewrite_module \ --without-http_scgi_module \ --without-http_split_clients_module \ --without-http_ssi_module \ --without-http_upstream_hash_module \ --without-http_upstream_ip_hash_module \ --without-http_upstream_keepalive_module \ --without-http_upstream_least_conn_module \ --without-http_userid_module \ --without-http_uwsgi_module \ --without-mail_imap_module \ --without-mail_pop3_module \ --without-mail_smtp_module \ --without-pcre \ --without-poll_module \ --without-select_module make && make install
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修改Nginx配置文件/App/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user nginx nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log logs/error.log error; pid logs/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 65536; events { use epoll; accept_mutex off; worker_connections 65536; } http { include mime.types; default_type text/html; charset UTF-8; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 4k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_max_body_size 8m; open_file_cache max=65536 inactive=60s; open_file_cache_valid 80s; open_file_cache_min_uses 1; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; server_tokens off; keepalive_timeout 60; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 64k; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript application/xml; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; index index.html; root /App/web; autoindex on; } }
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新建Nginx运行账号和Web目录
useradd -s /bin/false -M nginx mkdir -p /App/web
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下载CentOS镜像iso文件并导入Web目录
cd /App/src wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/6.6/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso mount -o loop CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /mnt rsync -avP /mnt/ /App/web/CentOS-6.6-x86_64
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启动Nginx
/App/nginx/sbin/nginx
二、安装配置DHCP
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Yum安装dhcp服务端
yum -y install dhcp
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修改配置dhcp文件/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
allow booting; allow bootp; subnet 192.168.200.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { option routers 192.168.200.2; option domain-name-servers 223.5.5.5,223.6.6.6; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; range dynamic-bootp 192.168.200.11 192.168.200.254; filename "/pxelinux.0"; default-lease-time 21600; max-lease-time 43200; next-server 192.168.200.10; }
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启动dhcp服务
/etc/init.d/dhcpd start
三、安装配置TFTP
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Yum安装tftp服务端
yum -y install tftp-server
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修改tftp配置并启动xinetd服务
sed -i '/disable/s/yes/no/' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp /etc/init.d/xinetd start
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Yum安装syslinux引导加载程序,拷贝相关文件至tftp根目录
yum -y install syslinux cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/ cd /App/web/CentOS-6.6-x86_64/isolinux/ cp vesamenu.c32 boot.msg splash.jpg vmlinuz initrd.img memtest /var/lib/tftpboot/ mkdir -p /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg cp isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
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修改启动菜单/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default,特别注意menu default这个配置决定了默认启动哪个选项,如果是【label linux】下,服务器一旦重启将删除所有分区并格式化,非常危险,一定要修改此项。
default vesamenu.c32 prompt 0 timeout 60 display boot.msg menu background splash.jpg menu title Welcome to CentOS 6.6! menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000 menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000 menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000 menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000 menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000 menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffff menu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000 menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000 label linux menu label ^Install or upgrade an existing system kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img ks=http://192.168.200.10/CentOS-6.6-x86_64/ks.cfg ksdevice=em1 label vesa menu label Install system with ^basic video driver kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img xdriver=vesa nomodeset label rescue menu label ^Rescue installed system kernel vmlinuz append initrd=initrd.img rescue label local menu label Boot from ^local drive menu default localboot 0xffff label memtest86 menu label ^Memory test kernel memtest append -
四、添加Kickstart配置
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Web目录中添加kickstart配置文件/App/web/CentOS-6.6-x86_64/ks.cfg
install keyboard us lang zh_CN url --url=http://192.168.200.10/CentOS-6.6-x86_64/ network --onboot yes --device eth0 --bootproto dhcp --noipv6 rootpw --iscrypted $6$y0UTGMGnCEgUJmUB$IPcaQ8ipx24V8lAq.XepGoilvjXM9kFs5YrivQQoejYmLOmeVXSeM6IvzxtdsUJ0CFuTMzANEmlj5FOluuwy40 auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512 reboot firewall --disabled firstboot --disable selinux --disabled logging --level=info timezone Asia/Shanghai bootloader --location=mbr zerombr yes clearpart --all --initlabel part /boot --fstype ext4 --size=200 part swap --size=2048 part / --fstype ext4 --size=200 --grow %packages @chinese-support @core @server-policy @workstation-policy %end %post ServiceList=`chkconfig --list | grep '0' | awk '{print $1}' | grep -Ev 'sshd|network|crond|syslog'` for Service in $ServiceList do /etc/init.d/$Service stop chkconfig --level 0123456 $Service off done cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF vm.swappiness = 0 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.core.somaxconn = 262144 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 262144 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144 net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 10000 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65500 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 786432 1048576 1572864 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 1048576 EOF sysctl -p cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf << EOF * - nofile 1048576 * - nproc 65536 * - stack 1024 EOF cat >> /etc/profile << EOF ulimit -n 1048576 ulimit -u 65536 ulimit -s 1024 alias grep='grep --color=auto' export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S " EOF sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config setenforce 0 sed -i 's/.*UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config sed -i 's/.*GSSAPIAuthentication yes/GSSAPIAuthentication no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config /etc/init.d/sshd restart cat >> $HOME/.bash_profile << EOF export PATH=/App/script:\$PATH EOF mkdir -p /App/script /App/src mount --bind /dev/shm /tmp echo "/bin/mount --bind /dev/shm /tmp" >> /etc/rc.local
五、检查相关服务监听端口
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http:80、dhcp:67、tftp:69
netstat -tunlp | grep -E '(0.0.0.0:80|0.0.0.0:67|0.0.0.0:69)'
如下图说明各服务已监听
本文转自dongsong1117 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/dongsong/1678460,如需转载请自行联系原作者