RedHat7搭建无人值守自动安装Linux操作系统(PXE+Kickstart)

Kickstart服务器

IP: 192.168.136.253   掩码:255.255.255.0   网关:192.168.136.2   DNS:192.168.136.2

  • 安装部署HTTP服务器

# mkdir -p /content/pub/rhel7/x86_64/{isos,dvd}/

上传RedHat安装光盘镜像至 /content/pub/rhel7/x86_64/isos/rhel-server-7.2-x86_64-dvd.iso

安装HTTP服务器(Nginx)

# rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
# yum -y install nginx

修改默认网站配置文件

# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

server {
listen ;
server_name localhost;
root /content;
index index.html index.htm; location ^~ /pub/ {
autoindex on;
autoindex_exact_size off;
autoindex_localtime on;
} error_page /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
}

启动Nginx服务并设置为开机启动

# systemctl start nginx
# systemctl enable nginx

修改网站目录SELinux类型

# chcon -t public_content_t -R /content/

设置开机自动挂载光盘镜像到/content/pub/rhel7/x86_64/dvd

# echo "/content/pub/rhel7/x86_64/isos/rhel-server-7.2-x86_64-dvd.iso   /content/pub/rhel7/x86_64/dvd   iso9660   loop,ro   0 0" >> /etc/fstab
# mount -a
  • 安装部署DHCP服务器
# yum -y install dhcp

修改配置文件

# vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

log-facility local7;

option domain-name "example.com";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.136.2; default-lease-time ;
max-lease-time ; subnet 192.168.136.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.136.100 192.168.136.200;
option routers 192.168.136.2; #路由器IP,可以写网关IP
next-server 192.168.136.253; #TFTP Server 的IP地址
filename "pxelinux.0"; #pxelinux 启动文件位置
}

启动DHCP服务并设置为开机启动

# systemctl start dhcpd
# systemctl enable dhcpd
  • 安装部署TFTP服务器
# yum -y install tftp-server

修改配置文件

# vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

# default: off
# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \
# protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \
# workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \
# and to start the installation process for some operating systems.
service tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s /var/lib/tftpboot
disable = no #把这行改成no即可
per_source =
cps =
flags = IPv4
}

启动TFTP服务并设置为开机自启动

# systemctl start tftp
# systemctl enable tftp

将客户端所需启动文件复制到TFTP服务器

# yum -y install syslinux
# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux. /var/lib/tftpboot/

复制启动镜像文件和启动配置文件至TFTP共享目录

# cp /content/pub/rhel7/x86_64/dvd/isolinux/{boot.msg,splash.png,vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/
# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/
# cp /content/pub/rhel7/x86_64/dvd/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
# chmod /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

修改启动配置文件

# vi /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

default linux
timeout 600 ... label linux
menu label ^Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.2
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img ks=http://192.168.136.253/ks-config/ks7.cfg
...
  • 创建Kickstart自动应答文件

# mkdir /content/ks-config/

# vi /content/ks-config/ks7.cfg

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us'
# Root password
rootpw --plaintext redhat
# System services
services --enabled="chronyd"
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc
# Use network installation
url --url="http://192.168.136.253/pub/rhel7/x86_64/dvd"
# System language
lang en_US.UTF-8
# System authorization information
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
graphical # Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=2048
part /boot --fstype="xfs" --size=256
part / --fstype="xfs" --grow --size=1

%packages
  @^minimal
  @core
  chrony
  kexec-tools

%end

%post
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-dvd.repo << EOF
[rhel-dvd]
name=rhel dvd
baseurl=http://192.168.136.253/pub/rhel7/x86_64/dvd
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
EOF
%end

或者在有图形界面的RedHat上安装kickstart图形化配置软件system-config-kickstart

# yum -y install system-config-kickstart

运行system-config-kickstart

# system-config-kickstart

RedHat7搭建无人值守自动安装Linux操作系统(PXE+Kickstart)

  • 开通防火墙
# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service={tftp,http}
# firewall-cmd --reload
  •  启动客户端,安装部署系统

在所有客户端主机的BIOS中,将第一启动方式设置为PXE网络启动。设置完成后,重启所有客户端计算机即可完成大规模集中安装部署操作系统。

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