Android应用生死轮回的那些事儿(4) - 武器库（2）-应用组件查询相关API

2021-07-06 01:10:13

这一节我们将学习：

如何查询系统中安装了哪些应用
如何获取一个包的信息
如何获取一个Application的信息
如何获取系统中安装的所有的ContentProvider的信息
如何获取一个uid中运行的所有的包
如何查询一个uid的进程名
如何通过一个广播Intent查询接受这个广播所有的BroadcastReceiver
得到一个Intent，如何寻找执行它的最佳的Activity,Service或ContentProvider

首先我们先看一下应用组件查询相关API的分类：

我们先看其中第一类，静态get类的API

应用组件集合查询API

集合查询类API的特点是一次性可以查到符合条件的应用组件，如包或者应用程序的完整列表。

getInstalledApplications

作用：
获取当前系统上安装的所有的应用程序。

原型：

List<ApplicationInfo> getInstalledApplications (int flags);

参数还是那几个，上一节已经讲过了。

GET_META_DATA:
GET_SHARED_LIBRARY_FILES
MATCH_SYSTEM_ONLY
MATCH_UNINSTALLED_PACKAGES

例程：

    public void testGetInstalledApplications() {
        List<ApplicationInfo> installedApplications = mPm.getInstalledApplications(PackageManager.GET_META_DATA | PackageManager.GET_SHARED_LIBRARY_FILES);
        if(installedApplications != null){
            for(ApplicationInfo ai : installedApplications){
                Log.d(TAG,"ApplicationInfo:"+ai.toString());
                Log.d(TAG,"Application class name is:"+ai.className);
                Log.d(TAG,"Application process name is:"+ai.processName);
            }
        }
    }

输出结果例
下面是DocumentsApplication和微信两个应用的结果：

...
08-12 14:06:20.961 724-724/? D/TestPackageManager: ApplicationInfo:ApplicationInfo{4011cb6 com.android.documentsui}
08-12 14:06:20.961 724-724/? D/TestPackageManager: Application class name is:com.android.documentsui.DocumentsApplication
08-12 14:06:20.961 724-724/? D/TestPackageManager: Application process name is:com.android.documentsui
08-12 14:06:20.964 724-724/? D/TestPackageManager: ApplicationInfo:ApplicationInfo{30211f9 com.tencent.mm}
08-12 14:06:20.964 724-724/? D/TestPackageManager: Application class name is:com.tencent.mm.app.Application
08-12 14:06:20.964 724-724/? D/TestPackageManager: Application process name is:com.tencent.mm
...

应用组件单个数据结构查询

getApplicationInfo

作用：根据包名，获取相关的ApplicationInfo

原型：

ApplicationInfo getApplicationInfo (String packageName,int flags);

参数：flags

GET_META_DATA
GET_SHARED_LIBRARY_FILES

例程：

        public void testGetApplicationInfo() {
            try {
                ApplicationInfo ai = mPm.getApplicationInfo("com.android.htmlviewer",
                        PackageManager.GET_META_DATA | PackageManager.GET_SHARED_LIBRARY_FILES);
                Log.d(TAG,"ProcessName is:"+ai.processName);
                Log.d(TAG,"Description is:"+ai.loadDescription(mPm));
                Log.d(TAG, "Share Libraries in:" + ai.nativeLibraryDir);

            } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
                Log.e(TAG, "testGetApplicationInfo error", e);
            }
        }

输出：

08-12 14:49:51.632 1497-1497/? D/TestPackageManager: ProcessName is:com.android.htmlviewer
08-12 14:49:51.633 1497-1497/? D/TestPackageManager: Description is:null
08-12 14:49:51.633 1497-1497/? D/TestPackageManager: Share Libraries in:/system/app/HTMLViewer/lib/arm64

getInstalledPackages

作用：获取当前系统中安装的所有包

原型：

List<PackageInfo> getInstalledPackages (int flags)

参数：

flags:指定需要提供的字段

取值如下,望文知义，就不多解释了：

PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES
PackageManager.GET_CONFIGURATIONS
PackageManager.GET_GIDS
PackageManager.GET_INSTRUMENTATION
PackageManager.GET_INTENT_FILTERS
PackageManager.GET_META_DATA
PackageManager.GET_PERMISSIONS
PackageManager.GET_PROVIDERS
PackageManager.GET_RECEIVERS
PackageManager.GET_SERVICES
PackageManager.GET_SHARED_LIBRARY_FILES
PackageManager.GET_SIGNATURES
PackageManager.GET_URI_PERMISSION_PATTERN

例程：

        public void testGetInstalledPackages() {
            List<PackageInfo> piList = mPm.getInstalledPackages(PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES |
                    PackageManager.GET_CONFIGURATIONS |
                    PackageManager.GET_GIDS |
                    PackageManager.GET_INSTRUMENTATION |
                    PackageManager.GET_INTENT_FILTERS |
                    PackageManager.GET_META_DATA |
                    PackageManager.GET_PERMISSIONS |
                    PackageManager.GET_PROVIDERS |
                    PackageManager.GET_RECEIVERS |
                    PackageManager.GET_SERVICES |
                    PackageManager.GET_SHARED_LIBRARY_FILES |
                    PackageManager.GET_SIGNATURES |
                    PackageManager.GET_URI_PERMISSION_PATTERNS);
            if (piList != null) {
                for(PackageInfo pi : piList){
                    Log.d(TAG,"PackageInfo:"+pi.toString());
                    Log.d(TAG,"Package Name is:"+pi.packageName);
                    Log.d(TAG,"Package shared user id is:"+pi.sharedUserId);
                }
            }
        }

部分输出结果：

08-12 14:27:25.228 1244-1244/? D/TestPackageManager: PackageInfo:PackageInfo{9bc4a05 com.mediatek.gba}
08-12 14:27:25.228 1244-1244/? D/TestPackageManager: Package Name is:com.mediatek.gba
08-12 14:27:25.228 1244-1244/? D/TestPackageManager: Package shared user id is:android.uid.phone
08-12 14:27:25.228 1244-1244/? D/TestPackageManager: PackageInfo:PackageInfo{8973a5a com.mediatek.ims}
08-12 14:27:25.228 1244-1244/? D/TestPackageManager: Package Name is:com.mediatek.ims
08-12 14:27:25.228 1244-1244/? D/TestPackageManager: Package shared user id is:android.uid.phone
08-12 14:27:25.228 1244-1244/? D/TestPackageManager: PackageInfo:PackageInfo{7c7748b com.mediatek.ppl}
08-12 14:27:25.228 1244-1244/? D/TestPackageManager: Package Name is:com.mediatek.ppl
08-12 14:27:25.228 1244-1244/? D/TestPackageManager: Package shared user id is:android.uid.system

getPackageInfo

功能：根据包名获取一个包的信息

原型：

PackageInfo getPackageInfo (String packageName, int flags);

参数：

包名
flgas：跟getInstalledPackages中一样

例程：


    public void testGetPackageInfo() {
        try {
            PackageInfo pi = mPm.getPackageInfo("com.android.externalstorage", PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES |
                    PackageManager.GET_CONFIGURATIONS |
                    PackageManager.GET_GIDS |
                    PackageManager.GET_INSTRUMENTATION |
                    PackageManager.GET_INTENT_FILTERS |
                    PackageManager.GET_META_DATA |
                    PackageManager.GET_PERMISSIONS |
                    PackageManager.GET_PROVIDERS |
                    PackageManager.GET_RECEIVERS |
                    PackageManager.GET_SERVICES |
                    PackageManager.GET_SHARED_LIBRARY_FILES |
                    PackageManager.GET_SIGNATURES |
                    PackageManager.GET_URI_PERMISSION_PATTERNS);
            Log.d(TAG, "PackageInfo:" + pi.toString());
            Log.d(TAG, "Package Name is:" + pi.packageName);
            Log.d(TAG, "Package shared user id is:" + pi.sharedUserId);
            Log.d(TAG, "Version name:" + pi.versionName);
        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
            Log.e(TAG, "testGetPackageInfo error", e);
        }
    }

输出：

08-12 15:07:18.457 2044-2044/? D/TestPackageManager: PackageInfo:PackageInfo{cda5ddc com.android.externalstorage}
08-12 15:07:18.457 2044-2044/? D/TestPackageManager: Package Name is:com.android.externalstorage
08-12 15:07:18.457 2044-2044/? D/TestPackageManager: Package shared user id is:null
08-12 15:07:18.457 2044-2044/? D/TestPackageManager: Version name:6.0-1468998115

getPackageArchiveInfo

功能：从包文件中读取PackageInfo

参数：

文件名
flags：与上面的一样

上个函数是读已安装的活着的，这个是去读文件中的。

getActivityInfo

根据Activity的名称来获取ActivityInfo

原型：

ActivityInfo getActivityInfo (ComponentName component, int flags)

ComponentName是个什么类呢？其实就是包名和类名的组合：

ComponentName(String pkg, String cls);
//Create a new component identifier.

特别要注意，类名是要全路径名，不然会找不到的！

例程：

    public void testGetActivityInfo(){
        try {
            final ActivityInfo ai = mPm.getActivityInfo(new ComponentName("com.android.htmlviewer","com.android.htmlviewer.HTMLViewerActivity"),
                    PackageManager.GET_META_DATA | PackageManager.MATCH_ALL);
            Log.d(TAG,"ActivityInfo:"+ai.toString());
            Log.d(TAG,"ActivityInfo,parentActivityName is:"+ai.parentActivityName);
        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
            Log.e(TAG,"testGetActivityInfo error",e);
        }
    }

输出：

08-15 11:27:57.534 18124-18124/? D/TestPackageManager: ActivityInfo:ActivityInfo{5bb2ee5 com.android.htmlviewer.HTMLViewerActivity}
08-15 11:27:57.534 18124-18124/? D/TestPackageManager: ActivityInfo,parentActivityName is:null

那么，如何可以获取当前系统中都有哪些Activity呢？这可以通过获取系统中安装的所有的包后，遍历其ActivityInfo数组得到：

    public void testGetInstalledPackages() {
        List<PackageInfo> piList = mPm.getInstalledPackages(PackageManager.GET_ACTIVITIES |
                PackageManager.GET_CONFIGURATIONS |
                PackageManager.GET_GIDS |
                PackageManager.GET_INSTRUMENTATION |
                PackageManager.GET_INTENT_FILTERS |
                PackageManager.GET_META_DATA |
                PackageManager.GET_PERMISSIONS |
                PackageManager.GET_PROVIDERS |
                PackageManager.GET_RECEIVERS |
                PackageManager.GET_SERVICES |
                PackageManager.GET_SHARED_LIBRARY_FILES |
                PackageManager.GET_SIGNATURES |
                PackageManager.GET_URI_PERMISSION_PATTERNS);
        if (piList != null) {
            for (PackageInfo pi : piList) {
                Log.d(TAG, "PackageInfo:" + pi.toString());
                Log.d(TAG, "Package Name is:" + pi.packageName);
                Log.d(TAG, "Package shared user id is:" + pi.sharedUserId);
                final ActivityInfo[] ais = pi.activities;
                if (ais != null) {
                    for (ActivityInfo ai : ais) {
                        Log.d(TAG, "Activity in package:{" + pi.packageName + "}:" + ai.name);
                    }
                }

                final InstrumentationInfo[] iis = pi.instrumentation;
                if (iis != null) {
                    for (InstrumentationInfo is : iis) {
                        Log.d(TAG, "Instrumentation info" + is.toString());
                    }
                }

                final ProviderInfo[] pis = pi.providers;
                if (pis != null) {
                    for (ProviderInfo pri : pis) {
                        Log.d(TAG, "Provider info:" + pri);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

getInstrumenationInfo

根据名字获取Instrumentation信息，这个信息在AndroidManifest.xml中的中定义

原型：

InstrumentationInfo getInstrumentationInfo (ComponentName className, int flags);

getServiceInfo

通过ComponentName获取ServiceInfo.

原型：

ServiceInfo getServiceInfo (ComponentName component, int flags);

getReceiverInfo

根据ComponentName获取ReceiverInfo

原型：

ActivityInfo getReceiverInfo (ComponentName component, int flags);

有同学问了，既然可以查询ActivityInfo，ServiceInfo，ReceiverInfo，四大组件中都有三个了，那么为什么没有查询ProviderInfo的呢？
getProviderInfo这个API直到Android 2.3时才有

Android 2.3新增API - getProviderInfo

原型：

ProviderInfo getProviderInfo (ComponentName component, int flags);

Uid/Gid相关查询API

getPackageGids

功能：读取和包名相关的Group id

参数：包名

例程：

    public void testGetPackageGids(){
        try {
            int[] gids = mPm.getPackageGids("com.android.externalstorage");
            if(gids!=null){
                for(int gid:gids){
                    Log.d(TAG,"gid:"+gid);
                }
            }
        } catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {
            Log.e(TAG,"testGetPackageGids error",e);
        }
    }

输出：

08-12 15:30:36.783 2329-2329/? D/TestPackageManager: gid:1023
08-12 15:30:36.783 2329-2329/? D/TestPackageManager: gid:1015

getPackagesForUid

参数：uid

例程，我们查查uid是1000的都是些什么包？

    public void testGetPackagesForUid(){
        String[] packagesForUid = mPm.getPackagesForUid(1000);
        if(packagesForUid!=null){
            for(String package1 : packagesForUid){
                Log.d(TAG, "Package name in 1000:"+package1);
            }
        }
    }

输出如下，原来用了uid 1000的有这么多包！

08-12 16:42:38.730 4736-4736/? D/TestPackageManager: Package name in 1000:com.mediatek
08-12 16:42:38.730 4736-4736/? D/TestPackageManager: Package name in 1000:com.mediatek.thermalmanager
08-12 16:42:38.730 4736-4736/? D/TestPackageManager: Package name in 1000:com.mediatek.batterywarning
08-12 16:42:38.730 4736-4736/? D/TestPackageManager: Package name in 1000:com.mediatek.connectivity
08-12 16:42:38.730 4736-4736/? D/TestPackageManager: Package name in 1000:com.android.server.telecom
08-12 16:42:38.730 4736-4736/? D/TestPackageManager: Package name in 1000:com.android.inputdevices
08-12 16:42:38.730 4736-4736/? D/TestPackageManager: Package name in 1000:com.android.settings
08-12 16:42:38.730 4736-4736/? D/TestPackageManager: Package name in 1000:android
08-12 16:42:38.730 4736-4736/? D/TestPackageManager: Package name in 1000:com.mediatek.atci.service
08-12 16:42:38.730 4736-4736/? D/TestPackageManager: Package name in 1000:com.android.providers.settings
08-12 16:42:38.730 4736-4736/? D/TestPackageManager: Package name in 1000:com.android.vpndialogs
08-12 16:42:38.730 4736-4736/? D/TestPackageManager: Package name in 1000:com.mediatek.ppl
08-12 16:42:38.730 4736-4736/? D/TestPackageManager: Package name in 1000:com.android.location.fused
08-12 16:42:38.730 4736-4736/? D/TestPackageManager: Package name in 1000:com.mediatek.nlpservice
08-12 16:42:38.730 4736-4736/? D/TestPackageManager: Package name in 1000:com.mediatek.schpwronoff
08-12 16:42:38.730 4736-4736/? D/TestPackageManager: Package name in 1000:com.android.keychain

getNameForUid

功能：查询一个uid对应的名字

原型：

String getNameForUid (int uid);

参数：uid

例程：

    public void testGetNameForUid(){
        String name = mPm.getNameForUid(1000);
        Log.d(TAG,"Name for uid 1000 is:"+name);
    }

输出

08-13 16:55:05.207 8899-8899/? D/TestPackageManager: Name for uid 1000 is:android.uid.system:1000

既然可以通过uid查询有哪些包，那么我们可不可以通过一个包名去获取uid呢？
这个API:getPackageUid，在Android 7.0才会加到系统中。

上面都是静态的get API，后面将是query和resolve API依次出场。我们先看动态查询的query系的API:

根据包名动态查询的API

queryContentProviders

功能：查询系统中运行的ContentProvider

原型：

List<ProviderInfo> queryContentProviders (String processName,int uid,int flags)

参数：

进程名：如果希望列出所有的，就为空
uid:如果进程名不为空，需要指定uid
标志位：match的属性

例程：

    public void testQueryContentProviders() {
        List<ProviderInfo> pis = mPm.queryContentProviders(null, 0, PackageManager.MATCH_ALL);
        if (pis != null) {
            for (ProviderInfo pri : pis) {
                Log.d(TAG, "Provider info:" + pri);
            }
        }
    }

输出的前几项，完整的列表很长：

08-15 11:41:39.758 18259-18259/? D/TestPackageManager: Provider info:ContentProviderInfo{name=settings className=com.android.providers.settings.SettingsProvider}
08-15 11:41:39.758 18259-18259/? D/TestPackageManager: Provider info:ContentProviderInfo{name=com.tencent.mm.plugin.ext.NearBy className=com.tencent.mm.plugin.ext.provider.ExtControlProviderNearBy}
08-15 11:41:39.758 18259-18259/? D/TestPackageManager: Provider info:ContentProviderInfo{name=mwimsg className=com.android.providers.telephony.MwiProvider}
...

queryInstrumentation

功能：根据包名查询Instrumentation

原型：

List<InstrumentationInfo> queryInstrumentation (String targetPackage,int flags);

参数：

包名：如果是所有的包，则给null
标志：只支持GET_META_DATA这一个。

例程：

    public void testQueryInstrumentation(){
        List<InstrumentationInfo> list = mPm.queryInstrumentation(null,PackageManager.GET_META_DATA);
        if(list!=null){
            for(InstrumentationInfo ii : list){
                Log.d(TAG,"Instrumentation info:"+ii.toString());
            }
        }
    }

根据Intent查询相关组件的API

queryBroadcastReceivers

功能：根据Intent查询可以处理这个Intent的所有BroadcastReceivers

原型：

List<ResolveInfo> queryBroadcastReceivers (Intent intent,int flags);

queryIntentActivities

功能：查询可以处理这个Intent的所有Activity

原型：

List<ResolveInfo> queryIntentActivities (Intent intent,int flags);

参数：

Intent
参数：MATCH_ALL等

queryIntentActivityOptions

功能：跟queryIntentActivities基本一样，支持更多的查询条件。

原型：

List<ResolveInfo> queryIntentActivityOptions (ComponentName caller, Intent[] specifics, Intent intent,int flags);

queryIntentServices

功能：查询可以处理这个Intent的所有Service

原型：

List<ResolveInfo> queryIntentServices (Intent intent,int flags);

大家都知道，Android有四大组件：Activity, Service, BroadcastReceiver和ContentProvider。前面三个组件都可以通过Intent查询了，为什么没有queryIntentContentProviders呢？
queryIntentContentProviders直到Android 4.4才增加进来。

Android 4.4新增API: queryIntentContentProviders

功能：查询可以处理这个Intent的所有ContentProvider们。

原型：

List<ResolveInfo> queryIntentContentProviders (Intent intent, int flags);

根据Intent查询最佳应用组件API

resolveActivity

功能：查找最适合些Intent的Activity

原型：

ResolveInfo resolveActivity (Intent intent, int flags);

resolveContentProvider

功能：查找最适合些Intent的ContentProvider

原型：

ResolveInfo resolveContentProvider (Intent intent, int flags);

resolveService

功能：查找最适合些Intent的服务

原型：

ResolveInfo resolveService (Intent intent, int flags);

上面3个API都是拿到了Intent再去判断它最适合的应用组件。那么，我们想要做逆运算，知道一个包了，如何去得到启动它的Intent呢？
这个API直到Android 1.5(API 3)时才加入系统中：getLaunchIntentForPackage

Android 1.5新增API - getLaunchIntentForPackage

原型：

Intent getLaunchIntentForPackage (String packageName);

例程：我们想获取微信的启动Intent:

    public void testGetLaunchIntentForPackage() {
        Intent intent = mPm.getLaunchIntentForPackage("com.tencent.mm");
        if (intent != null) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Intent for Launch this is:" + intent.toString());
        }
    }

运行结果如下，原来启动微信的界面是com.tencent.mm.ui.LauncherUI。

08-15 14:23:59.909 18954-18954/? D/TestPackageManager: Intent for Launch this is:Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] flg=0x10000000 pkg=com.tencent.mm cmp=com.tencent.mm/.ui.LauncherUI }

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