SpringMVC源码总结(六)mvc:annotation-driven中的HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler

经过了两篇的乱码说明,要重新回到mvc:annotation-driven标签中,继续说说HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler的使用,下一篇文章主要说说HttpMessageConverter。 

HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler是RequestMappingHandlerAdapter用来处理当含有@RequestMapping的方法调度完成后,后面要进行的事情。 
首先是HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler的自定义注册: 
mvc:annotation-driven配置如下:
 
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<mvc:annotation-driven>
        <mvc:return-value-handlers>
            <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ModelAndViewMethodReturnValueHandler"></bean>
        </mvc:return-value-handlers>
    </mvc:annotation-driven>

在启动AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser来解析mvc:annotation-driven标签的过程中(见本系列第三篇博客),会注册我们所配置的HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler,如下: 
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ManagedList<?> returnValueHandlers = getReturnValueHandlers(element, parserContext);

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private ManagedList<?> getReturnValueHandlers(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {
        Element handlersElement = DomUtils.getChildElementByTagName(element, "return-value-handlers");
        if (handlersElement != null) {
            return extractBeanSubElements(handlersElement, parserContext);
        }
        return null;
    }

然后将会这些自定义的HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler设置到RequestMappingHandlerAdapter的customReturnValueHandlers属性中, 

RequestMappingHandlerAdapter的两个重要属性: 
customReturnValueHandlers:存放我们自定义的HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler; 
returnValueHandlers:存放最终所有的HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler; 
如下所示:
 
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public class RequestMappingHandlerAdapter extends AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter
        implements BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean {
 
    private List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> customArgumentResolvers;
 
    private HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite argumentResolvers;
 
    private HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite initBinderArgumentResolvers;
 
//这里这里这里这里这里这里这里这里
    private List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> customReturnValueHandlers;
//这里这里这里这里这里这里这里这里
    private HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite returnValueHandlers;

returnValueHandlers的属性类型为HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite,里面也有一个list集合,来存放所有的HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler。 
HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite结构如下:
 
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public class HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite implements HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler {
 
    protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
 
    private final List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> returnValueHandlers =
        new ArrayList<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler>();
 
    /**

在RequestMappingHandlerAdapter创建出来后,会执行afterPropertiesSet()方法,在该方法中会设置所有的HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler到RequestMappingHandlerAdapter的returnValueHandlers属性中如下: 
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@Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() {
        if (this.argumentResolvers == null) {
            List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> resolvers = getDefaultArgumentResolvers();
            this.argumentResolvers = new HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite().addResolvers(resolvers);
        }
        if (this.initBinderArgumentResolvers == null) {
            List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> resolvers = getDefaultInitBinderArgumentResolvers();
            this.initBinderArgumentResolvers = new HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite().addResolvers(resolvers);
        }
        if (this.returnValueHandlers == null) {
//获取所有的HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler
            List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> handlers = getDefaultReturnValueHandlers();
            this.returnValueHandlers = new HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite().addHandlers(handlers);
        }
        initControllerAdviceCache();
    }

getDefaultReturnValueHandlers()方法会获取默认要注册的和我们自定义的HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler,如下: 
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private List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> getDefaultReturnValueHandlers() {
        List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> handlers = new ArrayList<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler>();
 
        // Single-purpose return value types
        handlers.add(new ModelAndViewMethodReturnValueHandler());
        handlers.add(new ModelMethodProcessor());
        handlers.add(new ViewMethodReturnValueHandler());
        handlers.add(new HttpEntityMethodProcessor(getMessageConverters(), this.contentNegotiationManager));
        handlers.add(new HttpHeadersReturnValueHandler());
        handlers.add(new CallableMethodReturnValueHandler());
        handlers.add(new DeferredResultMethodReturnValueHandler());
        handlers.add(new AsyncTaskMethodReturnValueHandler(this.beanFactory));
 
        // Annotation-based return value types
        handlers.add(new ModelAttributeMethodProcessor(false));
        handlers.add(new RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor(getMessageConverters(), this.contentNegotiationManager));
 
        // Multi-purpose return value types
        handlers.add(new ViewNameMethodReturnValueHandler());
        handlers.add(new MapMethodProcessor());
 
        // Custom return value types
//这里这里会从customReturnValueHandlers属性中获取我们自定的HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler
        if (getCustomReturnValueHandlers() != null) {
            handlers.addAll(getCustomReturnValueHandlers());
        }
 
        // Catch-all
        if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(getModelAndViewResolvers())) {
            handlers.add(new ModelAndViewResolverMethodReturnValueHandler(getModelAndViewResolvers()));
        }
        else {
            handlers.add(new ModelAttributeMethodProcessor(true));
        }
 
        return handlers;
    }

至此,所有的HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler的注册已经完成。我们可以再回顾下,在该系列的第三篇博客中介绍HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler的使用。 
第一步:获取合适的HandlerAdapter,当方法含有@RequestMaiing注释的时候,便选择RequestMappingHandlerAdapter来进行方法的调度处理 
第二步:方法的调度处理过程为:首先执行方法体,然后根据返回值来选择一个合适的HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler,如下代码:
 
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public final void invokeAndHandle(ServletWebRequest webRequest,
            ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
 
        Object returnValue = invokeForRequest(webRequest, mavContainer, providedArgs);
 
        setResponseStatus(webRequest);
 
        if (returnValue == null) {
            if (isRequestNotModified(webRequest) || hasResponseStatus() || mavContainer.isRequestHandled()) {
                mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);
                return;
            }
        }
        else if (StringUtils.hasText(this.responseReason)) {
            mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);
            return;
        }
 
        mavContainer.setRequestHandled(false);
//重点重点重点重点重点重点重点重点重点重点
        try {
            this.returnValueHandlers.handleReturnValue(returnValue, getReturnValueType(returnValue), mavContainer, webRequest);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                logger.trace(getReturnValueHandlingErrorMessage("Error handling return value", returnValue), ex);
            }
            throw ex;
        }
    }

this.returnValueHandlers.handleReturnValue(returnValue, getReturnValueType(returnValue), mavContainer, webRequest)会遍历所有的已注册的HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler判断他们支不支持returnValue的返回类型。如下: 
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public void handleReturnValue(
            Object returnValue, MethodParameter returnType,
            ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, NativeWebRequest webRequest)
            throws Exception {
 
        HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler handler = getReturnValueHandler(returnType);
        Assert.notNull(handler, "Unknown return value type [" + returnType.getParameterType().getName() + "]");
        handler.handleReturnValue(returnValue, returnType, mavContainer, webRequest);
    }
 
    /**
     * Find a registered {@link HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler} that supports the given return type.
     */
    private HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler getReturnValueHandler(MethodParameter returnType) {
        for (HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler returnValueHandler : returnValueHandlers) {
            if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                logger.trace("Testing if return value handler [" + returnValueHandler + "] supports [" +
                        returnType.getGenericParameterType() + "]");
            }
            if (returnValueHandler.supportsReturnType(returnType)) {
                return returnValueHandler;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

找到支持的HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler后,就要执行它的handleReturnValue方法。 
下面就具体介绍下下常用的这几个HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler; 
HttpEntityMethodProcessor:用来处理返回值类型是HttpEntity的方法,简单用法如下
 
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@RequestMapping(value="/test/httpEntity",method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public HttpEntity<String> testHttpEntity() throws UnsupportedEncodingException{
        String body="中国";
        HttpHeaders headers=new HttpHeaders();
        headers.add("Content-type","text/html;charset=GBK");
        HttpEntity<String> ret=new HttpEntity<String>(body,headers);
        return ret;
    }

就是在构建http协议的返回体和返回头。 

使用案例如,文件下载。 
经常有人直接用HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse来做文件下载,这种方式便与web容器产生的对象耦合在一起,不推荐使用,而是直接使用spring为我们提供的HttpEntityMethodProcessor这一返回值处理器,虽然springmvc最终还是用HttpServletResponse来实现,但是这种方式便断开我们直接与web容器之间的耦合。 

这一过程分析: 
当这个方法执行完成之后,会调用HttpEntityMethodProcessor的handleReturnValue方法, 
该方法内容就是为response设置响应头,然后将响应体的内容写入response的body中,此时又会涉及到HttpMessageConverter,当HttpEntity中的body类型为String,又会让StringHttpMessageConverter来进行转换。这和@ResponseBody的处理过程是一样的。 

ViewNameMethodReturnValueHandler:主要用来处理返回值是String类型(前提不含@ResponseBody标签),它会将返回的字符串作为view视图的名字,如下所示。 

SpringMVC源码总结(六)mvc:annotation-driven中的HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler 
另一种用法,当返回的字符串以redirect:开始,不再作为view视图名而是作为重定向的地址,如下:
 
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@RequestMapping(value="/test/string",method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public String testString(){
        return "redirect:/string";
    }

有了重定向,也有转发。以forward:开头便是转发。 
如下: 
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@RequestMapping(value="/test/string",method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public String testString(){
        return "forward:/string";
    }

ModelMethodProcessor:用来处理返回类型为Model的,它默认采用请求路径作为视图名称,如下: 
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@RequestMapping(value="/test/model",method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public Model handleModel(String name) throws Exception {
        Model model=new ExtendedModelMap();
        model.addAttribute("name",name);
        return model;
    }


SpringMVC源码总结(六)mvc:annotation-driven中的HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler 
ModelAndViewMethodReturnValueHandler:用来处理返回值类型为ModelAndView,如下: 
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@RequestMapping(value="/test/modelandview",method=RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView testModelAndView() throws Exception {
        return new ModelAndView("hello");
    }


RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor:则是用于处理方法中含有@ResponseBody注解,或类上含有@ResponseBody注解。这一处理过程在本系列的第三篇博客中有介绍,这里不再叙述。 
还有其他的HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler,这里仅仅是作为引路,对HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler有个整体的认识,具体的内容,需要读者去具体研究。
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