转自：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36963214/article/details/109047922

ELF详细指南
持续更新中…

拆解的文件放在百度云盘

百度云盘提取文件

elf.h中的宏定义
下列数据类型使用N比特架构 (N=32,64, ElfN 代表 Elf32 或 Elf64, uintN_t 代表 uint32_t or uint64_t):

ElfN_Addr Unsigned program address, uintN_t
ElfN_Off Unsigned file offset, uintN_t
ElfN_Section Unsigned section index, uint16_t
ElfN_Versym Unsigned version symbol information, uint16_t
Elf_Byte unsigned char
ElfN_Half uint16_t
ElfN_Sword int32_t
ElfN_Word uint32_t
ElfN_Sxword int64_t
ElfN_Xword uint64_t

且elf.h中的结构体是以4字节对齐

EFL32
拆解的文件是：elf32（可以从百度云盘下载）

ELF头（Elf32_Ehdr）
ELF32文件头定义为Elf32_Ehdr，大小为52字节

#define EI_NIDENT (16)

typedef struct
{
unsigned char e_ident[EI_NIDENT]; /* Magic number and other info */
Elf32_Half e_type; /* Object file type */
Elf32_Half e_machine; /* Architecture */
Elf32_Word e_version; /* Object file version */
Elf32_Addr e_entry; /* Entry point virtual address */
Elf32_Off e_phoff; /* Program header table file offset */
Elf32_Off e_shoff; /* Section header table file offset */
Elf32_Word e_flags; /* Processor-specific flags */
Elf32_Half e_ehsize; /* ELF header size in bytes */
Elf32_Half e_phentsize; /* Program header table entry size */
Elf32_Half e_phnum; /* Program header table entry count */
Elf32_Half e_shentsize; /* Section header table entry size */
Elf32_Half e_shnum; /* Section header table entry count */
Elf32_Half e_shstrndx; /* Section header string table index */
} Elf32_Ehdr;

7F 45 4C 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
03 00 03 00 01 00 00 00 C0 06 00 00 34 00 00 00
A8 19 00 00 00 00 00 00 34 00 20 00 09 00 28 00
1D 00 1C 00

使用readelf工具查看elf32文件头如下

young@ubuntu:~/c/elf$ readelf -h elf32
ELF Header:
Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Class: ELF32
Data: 2's complement, little endian
Version: 1 (current)
OS/ABI: UNIX - System V
ABI Version: 0
Type: DYN (Shared object file)
Machine: Intel 80386
Version: 0x1
Entry point address: 0x6c0
Start of program headers: 52 (bytes into file)
Start of section headers: 6568 (bytes into file)
Flags: 0x0
Size of this header: 52 (bytes)
Size of program headers: 32 (bytes)
Number of program headers: 9
Size of section headers: 40 (bytes)
Number of section headers: 29
Section header string table index: 28

e_ident
该成员是大小为16字节的数组，存放ELF的魔数及其它信息
如截图所示，e_ident的值为：
7F 45 4C 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

EI_MAG
前四字节为ELFMAG，值为"\x7fELF，用于判断一个文件是否是ELF文件.
EI_MAG0、EI_MAG1、EI_MAG2、EI_MAG3为e_ident的数组下标
ELFMAG0、ELFMAG1、ELFMAG2、ELFMAG3为对应的值。
#define EI_MAG0 0 /* File identification byte 0 index */
#define ELFMAG0 0x7f /* Magic number byte 0 */

#define EI_MAG1 1 /* File identification byte 1 index */
#define ELFMAG1 'E' /* Magic number byte 1 */

#define EI_MAG2 2 /* File identification byte 2 index */
#define ELFMAG2 'L' /* Magic number byte 2 */

#define EI_MAG3 3 /* File identification byte 3 index */
#define ELFMAG3 'F' /* Magic number byte 3 */

/* Conglomeration of the identification bytes, for easy testing as a word. */
#define ELFMAG "\177ELF"
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
EI_CLASS
第五个字节为EI_CLASS，即e_ident[EI_CLASS]，它有四个值。截图中e_ident[EI_CLASS] = 01，表示文件为32 bits的ELF对象
#define EI_CLASS 4 /* File class byte index */
#define ELFCLASSNONE 0 /* Invalid class */
#define ELFCLASS32 1 /* 32-bit objects */
#define ELFCLASS64 2 /* 64-bit objects */
#define ELFCLASSNUM 3

EI_DATA
第六个字节为EI_DATA，即e_ident[EI_DATA]，它有四个值，用来表示文件是大端还是小端的，截图中e_ident[EI_DATA] = 01，表示文件数据是以小端方式存储的。
#define EI_DATA 5 /* Data encoding byte index */
#define ELFDATANONE 0 /* Invalid data encoding */
#define ELFDATA2LSB 1 /* 2's complement, little endian */
#define ELFDATA2MSB 2 /* 2's complement, big endian */
#define ELFDATANUM 3

EI_VERSION
第七个字节为EI_VERSION，即e_ident[EI_VERSION]，它的值必须为EV_CURRENT，EV_CURRENT被宏定义为1
#define EI_VERSION 6 /* File version byte index */
/* Value must be EV_CURRENT */
1
2
/* Legal values for e_version (version). */

#define EV_NONE 0 /* Invalid ELF version */
#define EV_CURRENT 1 /* Current version */
#define EV_NUM 2

EI_OSABI
第八个字节为EI_OSABI，即e_ident[EI_OSABI]，用来标识ELF文件的系统类型，截图中e_ident[EI_OSABI] = 0，表示ELF文件可以在UNIX系统上运行
tips: ABI(application binary interface)
#define EI_OSABI 7 /* OS ABI identification */
#define ELFOSABI_NONE 0 /* UNIX System V ABI */
#define ELFOSABI_SYSV 0 /* Alias. */
#define ELFOSABI_HPUX 1 /* HP-UX */
#define ELFOSABI_NETBSD 2 /* NetBSD. */
#define ELFOSABI_GNU 3 /* Object uses GNU ELF extensions. */
#define ELFOSABI_LINUX ELFOSABI_GNU /* Compatibility alias. */
#define ELFOSABI_SOLARIS 6 /* Sun Solaris. */
#define ELFOSABI_AIX 7 /* IBM AIX. */
#define ELFOSABI_IRIX 8 /* SGI Irix. */
#define ELFOSABI_FREEBSD 9 /* FreeBSD. */
#define ELFOSABI_TRU64 10 /* Compaq TRU64 UNIX. */
#define ELFOSABI_MODESTO 11 /* Novell Modesto. */
#define ELFOSABI_OPENBSD 12 /* OpenBSD. */
#define ELFOSABI_ARM_AEABI 64 /* ARM EABI */
#define ELFOSABI_ARM 97 /* ARM */
#define ELFOSABI_STANDALONE 255 /* Standalone (embedded) application */

EI_ABIVERSION
第九个字节为EI_ABIVERSION，表示ABI版本，
#define EI_ABIVERSION 8 /* ABI version */
1
EI_PAD
第十位及之后的填充0，为了对齐。
#define EI_PAD 9 /* Byte index of padding bytes */
1
e_type
该成员标识ELF文件的类型，有如下类型：

ET_NONE：未知文件
ET_REL：重定位表文件
ET_EXEC：可执行文件
ET_DYN：共享目标文件
ET_CORE：核心文件
截图中e_type为0x0003，表示文件为共享对象文件，但它实际是一个可以执行的文件
注：GCC使用编译选项 -pie 编译的可执行文件实际 也是DT_DYN类型。
/* Legal values for e_type (object file type). */

#define ET_NONE 0 /* No file type */
#define ET_REL 1 /* Relocatable file */
#define ET_EXEC 2 /* Executable file */
#define ET_DYN 3 /* Shared object file */
#define ET_CORE 4 /* Core file */
#define ET_NUM 5 /* Number of defined types */
#define ET_LOOS 0xfe00 /* OS-specific range start */
#define ET_HIOS 0xfeff /* OS-specific range end */
#define ET_LOPROC 0xff00 /* Processor-specific range start */
#define ET_HIPROC 0xffff /* Processor-specific range end */
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
e_machine
表示执行ELF的架构，截图中e_machine为0x0003，表示CPU为Intel 80386架构

/* Legal values for e_machine (architecture). */

#define EM_NONE 0 /* No machine */
#define EM_M32 1 /* AT&T WE 32100 */
#define EM_SPARC 2 /* SUN SPARC */
#define EM_386 3 /* Intel 80386 */
#define EM_68K 4 /* Motorola m68k family */
#define EM_88K 5 /* Motorola m88k family */
#define EM_IAMCU 6 /* Intel MCU */
#define EM_860 7 /* Intel 80860 */
#define EM_MIPS 8 /* MIPS R3000 big-endian */
#define EM_S370 9 /* IBM System/370 */
#define EM_MIPS_RS3_LE 10 /* MIPS R3000 little-endian */
/* reserved 11-14 */
#define EM_PARISC 15 /* HPPA */
/* reserved 16 */
#define EM_VPP500 17 /* Fujitsu VPP500 */
#define EM_SPARC32PLUS 18 /* Sun's "v8plus" */
#define EM_960 19 /* Intel 80960 */
#define EM_PPC 20 /* PowerPC */
#define EM_PPC64 21 /* PowerPC 64-bit */
#define EM_S390 22 /* IBM S390 */
#define EM_SPU 23 /* IBM SPU/SPC */
/* reserved 24-35 */
#define EM_V800 36 /* NEC V800 series */
#define EM_FR20 37 /* Fujitsu FR20 */
#define EM_RH32 38 /* TRW RH-32 */
#define EM_RCE 39 /* Motorola RCE */
#define EM_ARM 40 /* ARM */
#define EM_FAKE_ALPHA 41 /* Digital Alpha */
#define EM_SH 42 /* Hitachi SH */
#define EM_SPARCV9 43 /* SPARC v9 64-bit */
#define EM_TRICORE 44 /* Siemens Tricore */
#define EM_ARC 45 /* Argonaut RISC Core */
#define EM_H8_300 46 /* Hitachi H8/300 */
#define EM_H8_300H 47 /* Hitachi H8/300H */
#define EM_H8S 48 /* Hitachi H8S */
#define EM_H8_500 49 /* Hitachi H8/500 */
#define EM_IA_64 50 /* Intel Merced */
#define EM_MIPS_X 51 /* Stanford MIPS-X */
#define EM_COLDFIRE 52 /* Motorola Coldfire */
#define EM_68HC12 53 /* Motorola M68HC12 */
#define EM_MMA 54 /* Fujitsu MMA Multimedia Accelerator */
#define EM_PCP 55 /* Siemens PCP */
#define EM_NCPU 56 /* Sony nCPU embeeded RISC */
#define EM_NDR1 57 /* Denso NDR1 microprocessor */
#define EM_STARCORE 58 /* Motorola Start*Core processor */
#define EM_ME16 59 /* Toyota ME16 processor */
#define EM_ST100 60 /* STMicroelectronic ST100 processor */
#define EM_TINYJ 61 /* Advanced Logic Corp. Tinyj emb.fam */
#define EM_X86_64 62 /* AMD x86-64 architecture */
#define EM_PDSP 63 /* Sony DSP Processor */
#define EM_PDP10 64 /* Digital PDP-10 */
#define EM_PDP11 65 /* Digital PDP-11 */
#define EM_FX66 66 /* Siemens FX66 microcontroller */
#define EM_ST9PLUS 67 /* STMicroelectronics ST9+ 8/16 mc */
#define EM_ST7 68 /* STmicroelectronics ST7 8 bit mc */
#define EM_68HC16 69 /* Motorola MC68HC16 microcontroller */
#define EM_68HC11 70 /* Motorola MC68HC11 microcontroller */
#define EM_68HC08 71 /* Motorola MC68HC08 microcontroller */
#define EM_68HC05 72 /* Motorola MC68HC05 microcontroller */
#define EM_SVX 73 /* Silicon Graphics SVx */
#define EM_ST19 74 /* STMicroelectronics ST19 8 bit mc */
#define EM_VAX 75 /* Digital VAX */
#define EM_CRIS 76 /* Axis Communications 32-bit emb.proc */
#define EM_JAVELIN 77 /* Infineon Technologies 32-bit emb.proc */
#define EM_FIREPATH 78 /* Element 14 64-bit DSP Processor */
#define EM_ZSP 79 /* LSI Logic 16-bit DSP Processor */
#define EM_MMIX 80 /* Donald Knuth's educational 64-bit proc */
#define EM_HUANY 81 /* Harvard University machine-independent object files */
#define EM_PRISM 82 /* SiTera Prism */
#define EM_AVR 83 /* Atmel AVR 8-bit microcontroller */
#define EM_FR30 84 /* Fujitsu FR30 */
#define EM_D10V 85 /* Mitsubishi D10V */
#define EM_D30V 86 /* Mitsubishi D30V */
#define EM_V850 87 /* NEC v850 */
#define EM_M32R 88 /* Mitsubishi M32R */
#define EM_MN10300 89 /* Matsushita MN10300 */
#define EM_MN10200 90 /* Matsushita MN10200 */
#define EM_PJ 91 /* picoJava */
#define EM_OPENRISC 92 /* OpenRISC 32-bit embedded processor */
#define EM_ARC_COMPACT 93 /* ARC International ARCompact */
#define EM_XTENSA 94 /* Tensilica Xtensa Architecture */
#define EM_VIDEOCORE 95 /* Alphamosaic VideoCore */
#define EM_TMM_GPP 96 /* Thompson Multimedia General Purpose Proc */
#define EM_NS32K 97 /* National Semi. 32000 */
#define EM_TPC 98 /* Tenor Network TPC */
#define EM_SNP1K 99 /* Trebia SNP 1000 */
#define EM_ST200 100 /* STMicroelectronics ST200 */
#define EM_IP2K 101 /* Ubicom IP2xxx */
#define EM_MAX 102 /* MAX processor */
#define EM_CR 103 /* National Semi. CompactRISC */
#define EM_F2MC16 104 /* Fujitsu F2MC16 */
#define EM_MSP430 105 /* Texas Instruments msp430 */
#define EM_BLACKFIN 106 /* Analog Devices Blackfin DSP */
#define EM_SE_C33 107 /* Seiko Epson S1C33 family */
#define EM_SEP 108 /* Sharp embedded microprocessor */
#define EM_ARCA 109 /* Arca RISC */
#define EM_UNICORE 110 /* PKU-Unity & MPRC Peking Uni. mc series */
#define EM_EXCESS 111 /* eXcess configurable cpu */
#define EM_DXP 112 /* Icera Semi. Deep Execution Processor */
#define EM_ALTERA_NIOS2 113 /* Altera Nios II */
#define EM_CRX 114 /* National Semi. CompactRISC CRX */
#define EM_XGATE 115 /* Motorola XGATE */
#define EM_C166 116 /* Infineon C16x/XC16x */
#define EM_M16C 117 /* Renesas M16C */
#define EM_DSPIC30F 118 /* Microchip Technology dsPIC30F */
#define EM_CE 119 /* Freescale Communication Engine RISC */
#define EM_M32C 120 /* Renesas M32C */
/* reserved 121-130 */
#define EM_TSK3000 131 /* Altium TSK3000 */
#define EM_RS08 132 /* Freescale RS08 */
#define EM_SHARC 133 /* Analog Devices SHARC family */
#define EM_ECOG2 134 /* Cyan Technology eCOG2 */
#define EM_SCORE7 135 /* Sunplus S+core7 RISC */
#define EM_DSP24 136 /* New Japan Radio (NJR) 24-bit DSP */
#define EM_VIDEOCORE3 137 /* Broadcom VideoCore III */
#define EM_LATTICEMICO32 138 /* RISC for Lattice FPGA */
#define EM_SE_C17 139 /* Seiko Epson C17 */
#define EM_TI_C6000 140 /* Texas Instruments TMS320C6000 DSP */
#define EM_TI_C2000 141 /* Texas Instruments TMS320C2000 DSP */
#define EM_TI_C5500 142 /* Texas Instruments TMS320C55x DSP */
#define EM_TI_ARP32 143 /* Texas Instruments App. Specific RISC */
#define EM_TI_PRU 144 /* Texas Instruments Prog. Realtime Unit */
/* reserved 145-159 */
#define EM_MMDSP_PLUS 160 /* STMicroelectronics 64bit VLIW DSP */
#define EM_CYPRESS_M8C 161 /* Cypress M8C */
#define EM_R32C 162 /* Renesas R32C */
#define EM_TRIMEDIA 163 /* NXP Semi. TriMedia */
#define EM_QDSP6 164 /* QUALCOMM DSP6 */
#define EM_8051 165 /* Intel 8051 and variants */
#define EM_STXP7X 166 /* STMicroelectronics STxP7x */
#define EM_NDS32 167 /* Andes Tech. compact code emb. RISC */
#define EM_ECOG1X 168 /* Cyan Technology eCOG1X */
#define EM_MAXQ30 169 /* Dallas Semi. MAXQ30 mc */
#define EM_XIMO16 170 /* New Japan Radio (NJR) 16-bit DSP */
#define EM_MANIK 171 /* M2000 Reconfigurable RISC */
#define EM_CRAYNV2 172 /* Cray NV2 vector architecture */
#define EM_RX 173 /* Renesas RX */
#define EM_METAG 174 /* Imagination Tech. META */
#define EM_MCST_ELBRUS 175 /* MCST Elbrus */
#define EM_ECOG16 176 /* Cyan Technology eCOG16 */
#define EM_CR16 177 /* National Semi. CompactRISC CR16 */
#define EM_ETPU 178 /* Freescale Extended Time Processing Unit */
#define EM_SLE9X 179 /* Infineon Tech. SLE9X */
#define EM_L10M 180 /* Intel L10M */
#define EM_K10M 181 /* Intel K10M */
/* reserved 182 */
#define EM_AARCH64 183 /* ARM AARCH64 */
/* reserved 184 */
#define EM_AVR32 185 /* Amtel 32-bit microprocessor */
#define EM_STM8 186 /* STMicroelectronics STM8 */
#define EM_TILE64 187 /* Tileta TILE64 */
#define EM_TILEPRO 188 /* Tilera TILEPro */
#define EM_MICROBLAZE 189 /* Xilinx MicroBlaze */
#define EM_CUDA 190 /* NVIDIA CUDA */
#define EM_TILEGX 191 /* Tilera TILE-Gx */
#define EM_CLOUDSHIELD 192 /* CloudShield */
#define EM_COREA_1ST 193 /* KIPO-KAIST Core-A 1st gen. */
#define EM_COREA_2ND 194 /* KIPO-KAIST Core-A 2nd gen. */
#define EM_ARC_COMPACT2 195 /* Synopsys ARCompact V2 */
#define EM_OPEN8 196 /* Open8 RISC */
#define EM_RL78 197 /* Renesas RL78 */
#define EM_VIDEOCORE5 198 /* Broadcom VideoCore V */
#define EM_78KOR 199 /* Renesas 78KOR */
#define EM_56800EX 200 /* Freescale 56800EX DSC */
#define EM_BA1 201 /* Beyond BA1 */
#define EM_BA2 202 /* Beyond BA2 */
#define EM_XCORE 203 /* XMOS xCORE */
#define EM_MCHP_PIC 204 /* Microchip 8-bit PIC(r) */
/* reserved 205-209 */
#define EM_KM32 210 /* KM211 KM32 */
#define EM_KMX32 211 /* KM211 KMX32 */
#define EM_EMX16 212 /* KM211 KMX16 */
#define EM_EMX8 213 /* KM211 KMX8 */
#define EM_KVARC 214 /* KM211 KVARC */
#define EM_CDP 215 /* Paneve CDP */
#define EM_COGE 216 /* Cognitive Smart Memory Processor */
#define EM_COOL 217 /* Bluechip CoolEngine */
#define EM_NORC 218 /* Nanoradio Optimized RISC */
#define EM_CSR_KALIMBA 219 /* CSR Kalimba */
#define EM_Z80 220 /* Zilog Z80 */
#define EM_VISIUM 221 /* Controls and Data Services VISIUMcore */
#define EM_FT32 222 /* FTDI Chip FT32 */
#define EM_MOXIE 223 /* Moxie processor */
#define EM_AMDGPU 224 /* AMD GPU */
/* reserved 225-242 */
#define EM_RISCV 243 /* RISC-V */

#define EM_BPF 247 /* Linux BPF -- in-kernel virtual machine */

#define EM_NUM 248

/* Old spellings/synonyms. */

#define EM_ARC_A5 EM_ARC_COMPACT

/* If it is necessary to assign new unofficial EM_* values, please
pick large random numbers (0x8523, 0xa7f2, etc.) to minimize the
chances of collision with official or non-GNU unofficial values. */

#define EM_ALPHA 0x9026

e_version
标识文件版本，截图中，文件版本为0x00000001

e_entry
这是比较重要的一个成员，这个成员标识了ELF的程序入口地址，它是一个虚拟机地址，表示在文件中的偏移。截图中，e_entry为0x000006c0，在文件中0x6c0的内容如下：

反汇编其中的内容如下：

e_phoff
该成员记录程序头表文件偏移。

截图中的程序头表为：0x00000034（十进制52）

e_shoff
该成员记录节区头表文件偏移。有的人喜欢将.text称为text节，有的人习惯叫text段或代码段。
按照翻译，section应该翻译为节区，扇区。所以我这里统一称为节区

0x000019a8（十进制6568）

e_flags
处理器指定的与文件相关联的flag

截图中e_flag的值为：0x00000000

e_ehsize
ELF文件头大小，这里是32位的ELF文件，其文件头Eld32_Hdr大小为0x34(52)字节

e_phentsize
程序头表条目大小，用结构体Elf32_Phdr表示。如果ELF文件没有程序头表，该成员的值为0。

截图中为e_phentsize为：0x0020(32)，即结构体Elf32_Phdr的大小为32字节

e_phnum
程序头表条目数量

截图中e_phnum为：0x0009

e_phnnum的特殊值

/* Special value for e_phnum. This indicates that the real number of
program headers is too large to fit into e_phnum. Instead the real
value is in the field sh_info of section 0. */

#define PN_XNUM 0xffff

e_shentsize
节区头表条目大小
截图中e_shentsize为：0x0028

e_shnum
节区头表条目数量

截图中e_shnum为：0x001d

e_shstrndx
节区头字符表索引
截图中e_shstrndx为：0x001c

e_shstrndx的特殊值：

/* Special section indices. */

#define SHN_UNDEF 0 /* Undefined section */
#define SHN_LORESERVE 0xff00 /* Start of reserved indices */
#define SHN_LOPROC 0xff00 /* Start of processor-specific */
#define SHN_BEFORE 0xff00 /* Order section before all others
(Solaris). */
#define SHN_AFTER 0xff01 /* Order section after all others
(Solaris). */
#define SHN_HIPROC 0xff1f /* End of processor-specific */
#define SHN_LOOS 0xff20 /* Start of OS-specific */
#define SHN_HIOS 0xff3f /* End of OS-specific */
#define SHN_ABS 0xfff1 /* Associated symbol is absolute */
#define SHN_COMMON 0xfff2 /* Associated symbol is common */
#define SHN_XINDEX 0xffff /* Index is in extra table. */
#define SHN_HIRESERVE 0xffff /* End of reserved indices */

参考
elf.h头文件
elf man page
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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_36963214/article/details/109047922