Sqlserver2008R2配置数据库镜像之我的经验总结

2023-10-13 09:48:28

一. 相关环境介结。

数据库：Sqlserver2008R2
网络环境：主机、镜像机(阿里云，青岛节点同域)，见证机(本公司自己托管在上海)

二. 服务器相关配置。

    1. 分别开启三台服务器5022的入站端口。
    2. 目标数据库的恢复模式必须为“完整”，具体操作：企业管理器->数据库右键->属性->选项->恢复模式选择“完整”->确定。
    3. 远程连接设置(非必要)，具体操作：数据库服务实例->右键->方面->外围应用配置器->RemoteDACEnabled->True->确定。

三.配置服务器域。

1. 给每台服务器(主机、镜像机、见证机)加上FQDN，即设置同样的DNS后缀名。（方法：计算机右键->属性->更改设置->更改->其他->DNS后缀）,如：jike.cn，设置后需要重启服务器。

    2. 修改每台机的HOST文件，将计算机名和IP绑定，如：
　     115.10.1.1       SqlHost.jike.cn
        115.10.1.2       SqlMirror.jike.cn
        210.14.79.98   SqlWitness.jike.cn
    提示：SqlHost、SqlMirror和SqlWitness分别为三台服务器的机器名，绝对不能随便起个名。

四. 脚本证书方式配置。

1. 备份还原数据库

-- 主机备份
USE master
GO

BACKUP DATABASE [TestSync] TO DISK = N‘D:\SqlserverMirrorCer\TestSync.bak‘
WITH FORMAT, INIT, NAME = N‘TestSync-Full Database Backup‘, SKIP, NOREWIND, NOUNLOAD, STATS = 10;
GO


BACKUP LOG [TestSync] TO DISK = N‘D:\SqlserverMirrorCer\TestSync.bak‘
WITH NOFORMAT, NOINIT, NAME = N‘TestSync-Transaction Log Backup‘, SKIP, NOREWIND, NOUNLOAD, STATS = 10;
GO 





-- 镜像恢复
USE master
GO
RESTORE DATABASE [TestSync] FROM DISK = N‘D:\SqlserverMirrorCer\TestSync.bak‘
WITH FILE = 1,
NORECOVERY, NOUNLOAD, REPLACE, STATS = 10
GO

RESTORE LOG [TestSync] FROM DISK = N‘D:\SqlserverMirrorCer\TestSync.bak‘
WITH FILE = 2, NORECOVERY, NOUNLOAD, STATS = 10
GO

View Code

2. 创建证书

------------------------------------------------------------------------
--============================ 主机上执行 ============================--
------------------------------------------------------------------------
USE master
GO

--创建证书，并备份
IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.databases WHERE name=‘master‘ and is_master_key_encrypted_by_server=1)    
    OPEN MASTER KEY DECRYPTION BY PASSWORD=‘PWD_DBMirror986252588‘;
ELSE
    CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD=‘PWD_DBMirror986252588‘;
GO

IF EXISTS(select * from sys.certificates WHERE name=‘Cert_Host‘)
    DROP CERTIFICATE Cert_Host;
GO
CREATE CERTIFICATE Cert_Host

WITH SUBJECT=N‘Cert_Host Certificate‘,START_DATE=‘20120405‘,EXPIRY_DATE=‘20990405‘;

BACKUP CERTIFICATE Cert_Host TO FILE=N‘D:\SqlserverMirrorCer\Cert_Host.cer‘;
GO

--创建镜像端口
IF EXISTS(select * from sys.database_mirroring_endpoints WHERE name=‘Endpoint_Host‘)
    DROP ENDPOINT Endpoint_Host
GO
CREATE ENDPOINT Endpoint_Host
STATE = STARTED
AS TCP
(
    LISTENER_PORT=5022,
    LISTENER_IP=ALL
)

FOR DATABASE_MIRRORING
(
    AUTHENTICATION=CERTIFICATE Cert_Host,
    ENCRYPTION=REQUIRED ALGORITHM AES,
    ROLE=PARTNER
)

GO


------------------------------------------------------------------------
--============================ 镜像机上执行 ============================--
------------------------------------------------------------------------
USE master
GO

--创建证书，并备份
IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.databases WHERE name=‘master‘ and is_master_key_encrypted_by_server=1)    
    OPEN MASTER KEY DECRYPTION BY PASSWORD=‘PWD_DBMirror986252588‘;
ELSE
    CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD=‘PWD_DBMirror986252588‘;
GO

IF EXISTS(select * from sys.certificates WHERE name=‘Cert_Mirror‘)
    DROP CERTIFICATE Cert_Mirror;
GO
CREATE CERTIFICATE Cert_Mirror

WITH SUBJECT=N‘Cert_Mirror Certificate‘,START_DATE=‘20120405‘,EXPIRY_DATE=‘20990405‘;

BACKUP CERTIFICATE Cert_Mirror TO FILE=N‘D:\SqlserverMirrorCer\Cert_Mirror.cer‘;
GO

--创建镜像端口
IF EXISTS(select * from sys.database_mirroring_endpoints WHERE name=‘Endpoint_Mirror‘)
    DROP ENDPOINT Endpoint_Mirror
GO
CREATE ENDPOINT Endpoint_Mirror
STATE = STARTED
AS TCP
(
    LISTENER_PORT=5022,
    LISTENER_IP=ALL
)

FOR DATABASE_MIRRORING
(
    AUTHENTICATION=CERTIFICATE Cert_Mirror,
    ENCRYPTION=REQUIRED ALGORITHM AES,
    ROLE=PARTNER
)

GO



------------------------------------------------------------------------
--============================ 见证机上执行 ============================--
------------------------------------------------------------------------
USE master
GO

--创建证书，并备份
IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.databases WHERE name=‘master‘ and is_master_key_encrypted_by_server=1)    
    OPEN MASTER KEY DECRYPTION BY PASSWORD=‘PWD_DBMirror986252588‘;
ELSE
    CREATE MASTER KEY ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD=‘PWD_DBMirror986252588‘;
GO

IF EXISTS(select * from sys.certificates WHERE name=‘Cert_Witness‘)
    DROP CERTIFICATE Cert_Witness;
GO

CREATE CERTIFICATE Cert_Witness
    WITH SUBJECT=N‘Cert_Witness Certificate‘,START_DATE=‘20120405‘,EXPIRY_DATE=‘20990405‘;

BACKUP CERTIFICATE Cert_Witness TO FILE=N‘D:\SqlserverMirrorCer\Cert_Witness.cer‘;
GO

--创建镜像端口
IF EXISTS(select * from sys.database_mirroring_endpoints WHERE name=‘Endpoint_Witness‘)
    DROP ENDPOINT Endpoint_Witness
GO
CREATE ENDPOINT Endpoint_Witness
STATE = STARTED
AS TCP
(
    LISTENER_PORT=5022,
    LISTENER_IP=ALL
)

FOR DATABASE_MIRRORING
(
    AUTHENTICATION=CERTIFICATE Cert_Witness,
    ENCRYPTION=REQUIRED ALGORITHM AES,
    ROLE=WITNESS
)

GO

View Code

3.创建登录用户(把上面三个步骤中备份的证书COPY到每台机，确保每台机都有此三个证书)

-- 把上面三个步骤中备份的证书COPY到每台机，确保每台机都有此三个证书。

------------------------------------------------------------------------
--============================ 主机上执行 ============================--
------------------------------------------------------------------------
USE master
GO

--为镜像机访问主机的镜像端口而创建登录和用户，并授予连接权限
CREATE LOGIN Login_For_Mirror WITH PASSWORD=N‘PWD_DBMirror986252588‘;
CREATE USER User_For_Mirror FOR LOGIN Login_For_Mirror;
CREATE CERTIFICATE Cert_For_Mirror AUTHORIZATION User_For_Mirror FROM FILE=N‘D:\SqlserverMirrorCer\Cert_Mirror.cer‘;
GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::Endpoint_Host TO Login_For_Mirror;
GO

--为见证机访问主机的镜像端口而创建登录和用户，并授予连接权限
CREATE LOGIN Login_For_Witness WITH PASSWORD=N‘PWD_DBMirror986252588‘;
CREATE USER User_For_Witness FOR LOGIN Login_For_Witness;
CREATE CERTIFICATE Cert_For_Witness AUTHORIZATION User_For_Witness FROM FILE=N‘D:\SqlserverMirrorCer\Cert_Witness.cer‘;
GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::Endpoint_Host TO Login_For_Witness;

GO

------------------------------------------------------------------------
--============================ 镜像机上执行 ============================--
------------------------------------------------------------------------
USE master
GO

--为主机访问镜像机的镜像端口而创建登录和用户，并授予连接权限
CREATE LOGIN Login_For_Host WITH PASSWORD=N‘PWD_DBMirror986252588‘;
CREATE USER User_For_Host FOR LOGIN Login_For_Host;
CREATE CERTIFICATE Cert_For_Host AUTHORIZATION User_For_Host FROM FILE =N‘D:\SqlserverMirrorCer\Cert_Host.cer‘;
GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::Endpoint_Mirror TO Login_For_Host;
GO

--为见证机访问镜像机的镜像端口而创建登录和用户，并授予连接权限
CREATE LOGIN Login_For_Witness WITH PASSWORD=N‘PWD_DBMirror986252588‘;
CREATE USER User_For_Witness FOR LOGIN Login_For_Witness;
CREATE CERTIFICATE Cert_For_Witness AUTHORIZATION User_For_Witness FROM FILE =N‘D:\SqlserverMirrorCer\Cert_Witness.cer‘;
GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::Endpoint_Mirror TO Login_For_Witness;
GO


------------------------------------------------------------------------
--============================ 见证机上执行 ============================--
------------------------------------------------------------------------
USE master
GO

--为主机访问见证机的镜像端口而创建登录和用户，并授予连接权限
CREATE LOGIN Login_For_Host WITH PASSWORD=N‘PWD_DBMirror986252588‘;
CREATE USER User_For_Host FOR LOGIN Login_For_Host;
CREATE CERTIFICATE Cert_For_Host AUTHORIZATION User_For_Host FROM FILE=N‘D:\SqlserverMirrorCer\Cert_Host.cer‘;
GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::Endpoint_Witness TO Login_For_Host;
GO

--为镜像机访问见证机的镜像端口而创建登录和用户，并授予连接权限
CREATE LOGIN Login_For_Mirror WITH PASSWORD=N‘PWD_DBMirror986252588‘;
CREATE USER User_For_Mirror FOR LOGIN Login_For_Mirror;
CREATE CERTIFICATE Cert_For_Mirror AUTHORIZATION User_For_Mirror FROM FILE=N‘D:\SqlserverMirrorCer\Cert_Mirror.cer‘;
GRANT CONNECT ON ENDPOINT::Endpoint_Witness TO Login_For_Mirror;
GO

View Code

4.最后一步开始镜像。

-- 镜像机上执行：
-- 建立 主机 合作
ALTER DATABASE [TestSync] SET PARTNER =N‘TCP://SqlHost.jike.cn:5022‘; 

-- 主机上执行：
-- 建立 镜像机 合作
ALTER DATABASE [TestSync] SET PARTNER=N‘TCP://SqlMirror.jike.cn:5022‘;
-- 建立 见证机 合作
ALTER DATABASE [TestSync] SET WITNESS=N‘TCP://SqlWitness.jike.cn:5022‘;

View Code

1. 配置成功后，主体数据为会显示：主体，已同步，镜机库为：镜像，已同步，正在还原...
2. 如果镜像创建或同步失败，可通过企业管理器通过配置界面重新配置（数据库->右键->任务->镜像->配置安全性，可参考此文：http://liulike.blog.51cto.com/1355103/339183）。

五。其它问题或说明。

    1. 一台服务器只能有一个端点，即每台服务器只能承担主机、镜像、见证其中一个角色。
    2. 配置域和Host很重要，否则问题很多，笔者在此担搁不少时间。
    3. 见证服务器必须要做，否则不带自动故障转移的镜像没什么大用。

参考文章：
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

http://www.cnblogs.com/Joe-T/archive/2012/04/06/2434350.html
http://liulike.blog.51cto.com/1355103/339183

Sqlserver2008R2配置数据库镜像之我的经验总结

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