Micro:bit 硬件架构介绍

Micro:bit做为当红的少儿编程工具,这两年在编程教育领域越来越火。今天就从硬件架构开始,分享Micro:bit的相关主题。

Micro:bit 硬件架构介绍

Microbit 硬件设计是根据ARM mbed技术所开发的应用IC及相干周边功能所设计出来的!另外有一颗接口IC 用来处理USB 接口及拖拉式核心软件更新法.这接口IC 并未用来链接任何周边.

两部分关键信息可以一窥Microbit 的内部设计:

·        线路图(schematics,http://tech.microbit.org/hardware/schematic/ ), 可以看到主要零件的链接方式及设计.

·        参考设计及相关模块数据(referencedesign,

http://tech.microbit.org/hardware/reference-design/ ), 这部分的数据可以帮助进一步了解Microbit 的设计及变动性

硬件相关说明

nRF51 应用处理器IC

nRF51 应用处理器IC是让使用者作主要程控的处理器,完整的程序包含了用户客制及中介层(runtime) 及蓝芽协议层(Stack),(译者注:浏览器编译环境会在用户程序写完同时,将这三部分整合完成) 一旦用户将完整程序(HEX 文件)放在USB 闪存根目录上,处理器便会直接执行程序代码。使用者也可对连接在这处理器上的GPIO去做控制. 也可透过2.4GHz 无线去做相关周边的控制.

项目

说明

Model

Nordic nRF51822-QFAA-R rev 3

Core variant

ARM Cortex-M0 32 bit processor

Flash ROM

256KB

RAM

16KB

Speed

16MHz

Debug

SWD, jlink/OB

More Info

http://tech.microbit.org/software/

蓝芽通讯

板子上2.4G无线相关设计提供了对手机平板的蓝芽通讯功能

项目

说明

Stack

Bluetooth 4.1 with Bluetooth low energy

Band

2.4GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific and  Medical) 2.4GHz..2.41GHz

Channels

50 2MHz channels, only 40 used (0 to 39),  3 advertising channels (37,38,39)

Sensitivity

-93dBm in Bluetooth low energy mode

Tx Power

-20dBM to 4dBm in 4 dB steps

Role

GAP Peripheral

Congestion avoidance

Adaptive Frequency Hopping

Profiles

https://lancaster-university.github.io/microbit-docs/ble/profile/

More Info

http://tech.microbit.org/bluetooth/

无线通信

板子上2.4G无线相关设计提供另外的无线通信协议(Nordic Gazell),这通讯协议已经在不同的程序语言环境可以直接使用,并且可以在多个microbit 装置中互相传递并且群组化(group code ).

项目

说明

Protocol

Nordic Gazell

Freq band

2.4GHz

Channel rate

1Mbps or 2Mbps

Encryption

None

Channels

101 (0..100)

Group codes

255

Tx power

Eight user configurable settings from  0(-30dbm) to 7 (+4dbm)

Payload size

32 (standard) 255 (if reconfigured)

More Info

https://lancaster-university.github.io/microbit-docs/ubit/radio/

按键

Microbit 正面有两个按钮,背面有一个。背面的按键连接至KL26 接口IC及 nRF51 处理器做系统重制用(reset)

正面的按键A 、 B 是可以由使用者去做程控包括了短压、长压或是A、B同时按,按键A、B 均连接至金手指(edge connector)上的GPIO ,加上电路设计可以做logic 0 或 1值的操作.

项目

说明

Type

2 tactile user buttons, 1 tactile system  button

Debounce

(A & B) software debounced, 54ms  period

Pullup

(A & B) external 4K7, (System) 10K

显示

在板子上有5x5 数组LEDs.做为显示屏,microbit  是以3x9 数组电路去控制它.并用很高的速度去刷新它。

项目

说明

Type

minature surface mount red LED

Physical structure

5x5 matrix

Electrical structure

3x9

Intensity control

10 steps

Intensity range

TBC

Sensing

ambient light estimation via software  algorithm

Sensing Range

TBC, 10 levels from off to full on

Colour sensitivity

red centric, red is 700nm

重力传感器(加速度传感器)

重力传感器是经由I2C 跟处理器连结,并提供了三轴的感应数据并包含了手势感测的算法 (like : fall detection, logo-up, logo-down, shake)

项目

说明

Model

Freescale MMA8653FC

Features

3 axis, 2/4/8g ranges

Resolution

10 bits (0..1023)

Max output data rate

800Hz

On board gestures

‘freefall’

Other gestures

Other gestures are implemented by  software algorithms in the runtime.

磁力传感器

磁力传感器也是透过I2C 跟处理器连结,提供了磁力感测数值,并提供指南针功能,(The compass must be calibrated before use, and the calibrationprocess is automatically initiated by the runtime software –译者对这段有些疑虑,暂不翻译)

项目

说明

Model

Freescale MAG3110

Max update rate

80Hz

Full Scale range

1000uT

Sensitivity

0.10uT

温度感测

nRF51 处理器提供了板子上的实时温度感测(Runtime ambient temperature sensing ).

项目

说明

Type

on-core nRF51

Sensing range

-25C .. 75C

Resolution

0.25C steps

Accuracy

+/-4C (uncalibrated)

More Info

https://lancaster-university.github.io/microbit-docs/ubit/thermometer/

数字输入输出(GPIO)

金手指 (edge connector) 上有许多 GPIO 。处理器上有许多的多任务讯号针脚(pin define),有些已经设定成GPIO 功能连接至金手指,如何进一步使用这些针脚请参阅 (nRF51 data sheet)

项目

说明

Rings

3 large IO rings and two large power  rings, 4mm plug and crocodile clip compatible

GPIO features

19 assignable GPIO pins

 

2 are assigned to the on board I2C  interface

 

6 are used for display or light sensing  feature

 

2 are used for on board button detection

 

1 is reserved for an accessibility  interface

 

19 may be assigned as digital input or  digital output

 

19 may be assigned for up to 3  simultaneous PWM channels

 

19 may be assigned for 1 serial transmit  and 1 serial receive channel

 

6 may be assigned as analog input pins

 

3 may be assigned to an optional SPI  communications interface

 

3 may be assigned for up to 3 simultaneous  touch sensing inputs

ADC resolution

10 bit (0..1023)

Edge Connector

http://tech.microbit.org/hardware/edgeconnector_ds/

Pitch

1.27mm, 80 way double sided.

Pads

5 pads, with 4mm holes

More Info

http://tech.microbit.org/hardware/edgeconnector/

电力供应

给microbit的电力,主要是由接口IC透过USB 提供,亦可由电池盒连接器提供,在金手指上亦有电力供应的功能,需要熟悉电路设计的人操作.

项目

说明

Operating range

1.8V .. 3.6V

USB current

120mA max

Onboard Peripherals budget

30mA

Battery connector

JST X2B-PH-SM4-TB

Battery current

TBC

Max current provided via edge connector

90mA

More Info

http://tech.microbit.org/hardware/powersupply/

界面

这接口IC提供USB链接功能、拖拉式程序刷新(drag and drop flash program)及跟主计算机做序列通讯(serialcommunication) .

项目

说明

Model

Freescale MKL26Z128VFM4

Core variant:

ARM Cortex-M0+

Flash ROM

32KB

RAM

4KB

Speed

16MHz

Debug capabilities

SWD

More info

http://tech.microbit.org/software/daplink-interface/

USB通讯

项目

说明

Connector

USB micro, MOLEX_47346-0001

USB version

1.1 Full Speed device

Speed

12Mbit/sec

USB classes supported

Mass Storage Class (MSC)

 

Communications Device Class (CDC)

机构

我们有提供2D 跟3D CAD 图文件,这些资料可以用来提供3D printing 的生产制造的图文件数据.

项目

说明

Dimensions

5cm(w) 4cm(h)

Weight

5g

原文链接

https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU0MTg0ODIzNA==&mid=2247483907&idx=3&sn=bef5bb1d947ac09c6355114c78abadef&chksm=fb22e5c6cc556cd090116d3e53dcea9d99b94d27e5fd1d960bfe50399d782ad685bbc2823093#rd

Micro:bit 硬件架构介绍

上一篇:多核CPU硬件架构介绍


下一篇:Exalogic硬件架构