AC在应用中大量使用了block,由于Objective-C语言的内存管理是基于引用计数的,为了避免循环引用问题,在block中如果要引用self,需要使用@weakify(self)和@strongify(self)来避免强引用。
一、block的循环引用问题
- - (void)loadView
- {
- [superloadView];
- _observer = [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserverForName:@"testKey"
- object:nil
- queue:nil
- usingBlock:^(NSNotification *note) {
- [self dismissModalViewControllerAnimated:YES];
- }];
- }
- - (void)dealloc
- {
- [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:_observer];
- }
代码分析:
在上面代码中,我们添加向通知中心注册了一个观察者,然后在 dealloc 时解除该注册,一切看起来正常。但这里有两个问题:
这段代码中涉及到的对象包括:notificationcenter, _observer, block, self.
a) 在消息通知 block 中引用到了 self,所以这里 self 对象被 block retain;而 _observer 又对该 block 进行retain,通知中心 notificationcentre 又持有 _observer。因此只要 _observer 对象还没有被解除注册,block 就会一直被持有,从而 self 就不会被释放,那么 dealloc 就不会被调用。而我们却又期望在 dealloc 中通过 removeObserver 来解除注册以消除通知中心 notificationcenter 对 _observer 的 retain。
小结:notificationcenter --> _observer --> block --> self 只有在 self 释放,dealloc 调用的时候,notificationcenter 才会释放 _observer,显然其中存在循环引用。
b) 同时,_observer 是在 self 所在类中定义赋值,因此是被 self retain 的,这样就形成了循环引用。
小结: self --> _observer --> block --> self 显然这也是一个循环引用。
二、Weak-Strong Dance
对于在block中的retain cycle,在2011 WWDC Session #322 (Objective-C Advancements in Depth)有一个解决方案weak-strong dance,很漂亮的名字。其实现如下:
- - (void)dealloc
- {
- [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:_observer];
- }
- - (void)loadView
- {
- [superloadView];
- __weak TestViewController *wself = self;
- _observer = [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserverForName:@"testKey"
- object:nil
- queue:nil
- usingBlock:^(NSNotification *note) {
- TestViewController *sself = wself;
- [sself dismissModalViewControllerAnimated:YES];
- }];
- }
在 block 使用 self 之前先用 __weak 修饰 self 创建一个 self 弱引用变量 ,然后在 block 中使用 self 之前先用 __strong 修饰创建一个 对该弱引用 self 的强引用,防止 self 被提前释放。
这样的话就可以打破循环引用了。
当然,__weak 和 __strong 只在 ARC 情形下有效;对于非 ARC ,就需要用到 __block 了,效果相同,如下:
- - (void)dealloc
- {
- [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:_observer];
- [_observer release];
- [superdealloc];
- }
- - (void)loadView
- {
- [superloadView];
- __block TestViewController *bself = self;
- _observer = [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserverForName:@"testKey"
- object:nil
- queue:nil
- ngBlock:^(NSNotification *note) {
- [bself retain];
- [bself dismissModalViewControllerAnimated:YES];
- [bself release];
- }];
- }
三、ReactiveCocoa中的Weak-Strong Dance
例如:
- @weakify(self);
- [RACObserve(self,photosArray) subscribeNext:^(id x){
- @strongify(self);
- [self.collectionView reloadData];
- }];
RACObserver is a C macro that takes two parameters: an object and a key path on that object. It returns a signal whose values are sent whenever the key path’s value changes. A completion value is sent when the object, in this case self, is deallocated. --> ? We subscribe to this signal in order to reload our collection view whenever our photosArray property is changed.
译注:RACObserver 是一个宏定义,有两个参数:an object and a key path on that object。当 object key path value 变化时,就会返回一个 signal。
我们对这个 signal 进行订阅,一旦 photoArray 属性发送变化,返回signal,就可以 reload collection view。
The weakify/strongify dance is all too common in Objective-C under ARC.Weakify creates a new, weak variable assigned to self. Strongify then creates a new, strong variable in its scope assigned to the weak self. When strongify does this, it’s using what’s called a “shadow variable” – so named because the new, strong variable is called self, replacing the former strong reference to self.
Basically, the subscribeNext: block is going to capture self in its lexical scope, causing a reference cycle between self and the block. The block is strongly referenced by the return value of subscribeNext:, a RACSubscriber instance. This is then captured by the RACObserver macro, which will be automatically deallocated once its first parameter, self is deallocated. Without the weakify/strongify invocations, self would never be deallocated.
译注:分析一下其中可能存在的 block 循环引用问题。
self --> RACObserver macro --> RACSubscriber instance --> block --> self. 假如不使用 weakify/strongify 那么现实其中的循环引用导致 self 始终无法释放。
最后友情提示:在使用时应该注意block的嵌套层数,不恰当的滥用多层嵌套block可能给程序的可维护性带来灾难。