无聊想调用下嘀咕的api的时候，发现需要HTTP Basic Authentication，就看了下。

什么是HTTP Basic Authentication？直接看http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_authentication_scheme吧。

在你访问一个需要HTTP Basic Authentication的URL的时候，如果你没有提供用户名和密码，服务器就会返回401，如果你直接在浏览器中打开，浏览器会提示你输入用户名和密码(google浏览器不会，bug？)。你可以尝试点击这个url看看效果：http://api.minicloud.com.cn/statuses/friends_timeline.xml

要在发送请求的时候添加HTTP Basic Authentication认证信息到请求中，有两种方法：

• 一是在请求头中添加Authorization：
  Authorization: "Basic 用户名和密码的base64加密字符串"
• 二是在url中添加用户名和密码：
  http://userName:password@api.minicloud.com.cn/statuses/friends_timeline.xml

下面来看下对于第一种在请求中添加Authorization头部的各种语言的实现代码。

先看.NET的吧：

string username="username";

string password="password";

//注意这里的格式哦，为 "username:password"

string usernamePassword = username + ":" + password;

CredentialCache mycache = new CredentialCache();

mycache.Add(new Uri(url), "Basic", new NetworkCredential(username, password));

myReq.Credentials = mycache;

myReq.Headers.Add("Authorization", "Basic " + Convert.ToBase64String(new ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(usernamePassword))); 

WebResponse wr = myReq.GetResponse();

Stream receiveStream = wr.GetResponseStream();

StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(receiveStream, Encoding.UTF8);

string content = reader.ReadToEnd();

你当然也可以使用HttpWebRequest或者其他的类来发送请求。

然后是Python的：

import urllib2

import sys

import re

import base64

from urlparse import urlparse 

theurl = 'http://api.minicloud.com.cn/statuses/friends_timeline.xml' 

username = 'qleelulu'

password = 'XXXXXX'  # 你信这是密码吗？ 

base64string = base64.encodestring(

                '%s:%s' % (username, password))[:-1] #注意哦，这里最后会自动添加一个\n

authheader =  "Basic %s" % base64string

req.add_header("Authorization", authheader)

try:

    handle = urllib2.urlopen(req)

except IOError, e:

    # here we shouldn't fail if the username/password is right

    print "It looks like the username or password is wrong."

    sys.exit(1)

thepage = handle.read()

再来是PHP的：

<?php

$fp = fsockopen("www.mydomain.com",80);

fputs($fp,"GET /downloads HTTP/1.0");

fputs($fp,"Host: www.mydomain.com");

fputs($fp,"Authorization: Basic " . base64_encode("user:pass") . "");

fpassthru($fp);

?>

还有flash的AS3的：

import mx.rpc.events.FaultEvent;

import mx.rpc.events.ResultEvent;

import mx.utils.Base64Encoder;

import mx.rpc.http.HTTPService;

URLRequestDefaults.authenticate = false;//设默认为false，否则用户较验错误时会弹出验证框 

private var result:XML;

private function initApp():void

{

    var base64enc:Base64Encoder = new Base64Encoder;

    base64enc.encode("user:password"); //用户名和密码需要Base64编码

    var user:String = base64enc.toString(); 

    var http:HTTPService = new HTTPService;

    http.addEventListener(ResultEvent.RESULT,resultHandler);//监听返回事件

    http.addEventListener(FaultEvent.FAULT,faultHandler);     //监听失败事件

    http.resultFormat = "e4x";//返回格式

    http.url = "http://api.digu.com/statuses/friends_timeline.xml"; 以嘀咕网的API为列

    http.headers = {"Authorization":"Basic " + user};

    http.send();

}

private function resultHandler(e:ResultEvent):void

{

    result = XML(e.result);

    test.dataProvider = result.status;//绑定数据

}

private function faultHandler(e:ResultEvent):void

{

    //处理失败

}

还有Ruby On Rails的：

class DocumentsController < ActionController

  before_filter :verify_access 

  def show

    @document = @user.documents.find(params[:id])

  end 

  # Use basic authentication in my realm to get a user object.

  # Since this is a security filter - return false if the user is not

  # authenticated.

  def verify_access

    authenticate_or_request_with_http_basic("Documents Realm") do |username, password|

      @user = User.authenticate(username, password)

    end

  end

end

汗，忘记JavaScript的了：

//需要Base64见：http://www.webtoolkit.info/javascript-base64.html

function make_base_auth(user, password) {

  var tok = user + ':' + pass;

  var hash = Base64.encode(tok);

  return "Basic " + hash;

} 

var auth = make_basic_auth('QLeelulu','mypassword');

var url = 'http://example.com'; 

// 原始JavaScript

xml = new XMLHttpRequest();

xml.setRequestHeader('Authorization', auth);

xml.open('GET',url) 

// ExtJS

Ext.Ajax.request({

    url : url,

    method : 'GET',

    headers : { Authorization : auth }

}); 

// jQuery

$.ajax({

    url : url,

    method : 'GET',

    beforeSend : function(req) {

        req.setRequestHeader('Authorization', auth);

    }

});

这里提醒下，HTTP Basic Authentication对于跨域又要发送post请求的用JavaScript是实现不了的(注：对于Chrome插件这类允许通过AJAX访问跨域资源的，是可以的)。。