一、HttpClient
两个系统间如何互相访问?两个tomcat上的项目如何互相访问?
采用HttpClient实现跨系统的接口调用。
介绍:
官网:http://hc.apache.org/index.html
现在也叫:HttpComponents
HttpClient可以发送get、post、put、delete、...等请求
使用:
导入坐标
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.4</version>
</dependency>
//1、使用HttpClient发起Get请求
public class DoGET {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建Httpclient对象,相当于打开了浏览器
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建HttpGet请求,相当于在浏览器输入地址
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
// 执行请求,相当于敲完地址后按下回车。获取响应
response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
// 判断返回状态是否为200
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
// 解析响应,获取数据
String content = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(content);
}
} finally {
if (response != null) {
// 关闭资源
response.close();
}
// 关闭浏览器
httpclient.close();
}
}
}
//2、使用HttpClient发起带参数的Get请求
public class DoGETParam {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建URI对象,并且设置请求参数
URI uri = new URIBuilder("http://www.baidu.com/s").setParameter("wd", "java").build();
// 创建http GET请求
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
// HttpGet get = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/s?wd=java");
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
// 执行请求
response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
// 判断返回状态是否为200
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
// 解析响应数据
String content = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(content);
}
} finally {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
httpclient.close();
}
}
}
//3、使用HttpClient发起POST请求
public class DoPOST {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建http POST请求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://www.oschina.net/");
// 把自己伪装成浏览器。否则开源中国会拦截访问
httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36");
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
// 执行请求
response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
// 判断返回状态是否为200
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
// 解析响应数据
String content = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(content);
}
} finally {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
// 关闭浏览器
httpclient.close();
}
}
}
//4、使用HttpClient发起带有参数的POST请求
public class DoPOSTParam {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 创建Httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建http POST请求,访问开源中国
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://www.oschina.net/search");
// 根据开源中国的请求需要,设置post请求参数
List<NameValuePair> parameters = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(0);
parameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("scope", "project"));
parameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("q", "java"));
parameters.add(new BasicNameValuePair("fromerr", "8bDnUWwC"));
// 构造一个form表单式的实体
UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(parameters);
// 将请求实体设置到httpPost对象中
httpPost.setEntity(formEntity);
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
// 执行请求
response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
// 判断返回状态是否为200
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
// 解析响应体
String content = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
System.out.println(content);
}
} finally {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
// 关闭浏览器
httpclient.close();
}
}
}
二、RestTemplate
RestTemplate是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端,RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法
HTTP开发是用apache的HttpClient开发,代码复杂,还得操心资源回收等。代码很复杂,冗余代码多。
导入坐标
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
创建RestTemplate对象
@Configuration//加上这个注解作用,可以被Spring扫描
public class RestTemplateConfig {
/**
* 创建RestTemplate对象,将RestTemplate对象的生命周期的管理交给Spring
* @return
*/
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
//主要解决中文乱码
restTemplate.getMessageConverters().set(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
return restTemplate;
}
}
RestTempController
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/consumer")
public class ConsumerController {
// 从Spring的容器中获取restTemplate
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
/**
* 通过Get请求,保存数据
*/
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public ResponseEntity<String> findById(@PathVariable Integer id){
//发起远程请求:通过RestTemplate发起get请求
ResponseEntity<String> entity = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:8090/goods2/1", String.class);
System.out.println("entity.getStatusCode():"+entity.getStatusCode());
System.out.println(entity.getBody());
return entity;
}
/**
* 通过Post请求,保存数据
*/
@PostMapping
public ResponseEntity<String> saveGoods(@RequestBody Goods goods){
//通过RestTemplate发起远程请求
/**
* 第一个参数:远程地址URI
* 第二个参数:数据
* 第三个参数:返回值类型
*/
ResponseEntity<String> entity = restTemplate.postForEntity("http://localhost:8090/goods2", goods, String.class);
System.out.println("entity.getStatusCode():"+entity.getStatusCode());
System.out.println(entity.getBody());
return entity;
}
@PutMapping
public ResponseEntity<String> updateGoods(@RequestBody Goods goods){
restTemplate.put("http://localhost:8090/goods2",goods);
return new ResponseEntity<>("修改成功", HttpStatus.OK);
}
@DeleteMapping("/{id}")
public ResponseEntity<String> deleteById(@PathVariable Integer id){
restTemplate.delete("http://localhost:8090/goods2/"+id);
return new ResponseEntity<>("删除成功", HttpStatus.OK);
}
}