返回一个目录的绝对路径

Return an absolute path.

>>> os.path.abspath("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")

'/etc/sysconfig/selinux'

>>> os.getcwd()

'/root'

>>> os.path.abspath("python_modu")

'/root/python_modu'

返回一个目录的基名

Returns the final component of a pathname

>>> os.path.basename("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")

'selinux'

>>> os.path.basename("/usr/local/python3/bin/python3")

'python3'

返回一个目录的目录名

Returns the directory component of a pathname

>>> os.path.dirname("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")

'/etc/sysconfig'

>>> os.path.dirname("/usr/local/python3/bin/python3")

'/usr/local/python3/bin'

测试指定文件是否存在

Test whether a path exists.  Returns False for broken symbolic links

>>> os.path.exists("/home/egon")

False

>>> os.path.exists("/root")

True

>>> os.path.exists("/usr/bin/python")

True

得到指定文件最后一次的访问时间

Return the last access time of a file, reported by os.stat().

>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh")

os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696)

>>> os.path.getatime("/root/test.sh")

1498117664.2808378

得到指定文件最后一次的改变时间

Return the metadata change time of a file, reported by os.stat().

>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh")

os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696)

>>> os.path.getctime("/root/test.sh")

1498117696.039542

得到指定文件最后一次的修改时间

Return the last modification time of a file, reported by os.stat().

>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh")

os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696)

>>> os.path.getmtime("/root/test.sh")

1496629059.9313989

得到得到文件的大小

Return the size of a file, reported by os.stat().

>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh")

os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696)

>>> os.path.getsize("/root/test.sh")

568

测试参数是否是绝对路径

Test whether a path is absolute

>>> os.path.isabs("python_modu")

False

>>> os.path.isabs("/etc/sysconfig")

True

测试指定参数是否是目录名

Return true if the pathname refers to an existing directory.

>>> os.path.isdir("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")

False

>>> os.path.isdir("/home")

True

测试指定参数是否是一个文件

Test whether a path is a regular file

>>> os.path.isfile("/home")

False

>>> os.path.isfile("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")

True

测试指定参数是否是一个软链接

Test whether a path is a symbolic link

>>> os.path.islink("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")

True

>>> os.path.islink("/etc/sysconfig/nfs")

False

测试指定参数是否是挂载点

Test whether a path is a mount point

>>> os.path.ismount("/mnt/cdrom")

False

以上是未挂载光盘，现在把光盘挂载到/mnt/cdrom下，再进行测试

>>> os.path.ismount("/mnt/cdrom")

True

join(a, *p)

将目录名和文件的基名拼接成一个完整的路径

Join two or more pathname components, inserting '/' as needed.

If any component is an absolute path, all previous path components

will be discarded.  An empty last part will result in a path that

ends with a separator.

>>> for filename in os.listdir("/home"):

...     print(os.path.join("/tmp",filename))

...

/tmp/a

/tmp/f1.txt

返回指定文件的标准路径，而非软链接所在的路径

Return the canonical path of the specified filename, eliminating any

symbolic links encountered in the path.

>>> os.path.realpath("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")

'/etc/selinux/config'

>>> os.path.realpath("/usr/bin/python")

'/usr/bin/python2.7'

测试两个路径是否指向同一个文件

Test whether two pathnames reference the same actual file

测试两个打开的文件是否指向同一个文件

Test whether two open file objects reference the same file

分割目录名，返回由其目录名和基名给成的元组

Split a pathname.  Returns tuple "(head, tail)" where "tail" is

everything after the final slash.  Either part may be empty.

>>> os.path.split("/tmp/f1.txt")

('/tmp', 'f1.txt')

>>> os.path.split("/home/test.sh")

('/home', 'test.sh')

分割文件名，返回由文件名和扩展名组成的元组

Split the extension from a pathname.

Extension is everything from the last dot to the end, ignoring

leading dots.  Returns "(root, ext)"; ext may be empty.

>>> os.path.splitext("/home/test.sh")

('/home/test', '.sh')

>>> os.path.splitext("/tmp/f1.txt")

('/tmp/f1', '.txt')