摘要：
通过下面的这些命令在接触到新的数据库服务器的时候能更好更快的了解服务器和数据库的状况。
1：pt-summary：查看系统摘要报告
执行：
pt-summary
打印出来的信息包括：CPU、内存、硬盘、网卡等信息，还包括文件系统、磁盘调度和队列大小、LVM、RAID、网络链接信息、netstat 的统计，以及前10的负载占用信息和vmstat信息。
# Percona Toolkit System Summary Report ######################
Date | 2013-10-23 09:06:37 UTC (local TZ: CST +0800)
Hostname | zhoujy
Uptime | 5 days, 23:25, 3 users, load average: 1.31, 1.32, 1.27
Platform | Linux
Release | Ubuntu 11.10 (oneiric)
Kernel | 3.0.0-32-generic-pae
Architecture | CPU = 64-bit, OS = 32-bit
Threading | NPTL 2.13
SELinux | No SELinux detected
Virtualized | No virtualization detected
# Processor ##################################################
Processors | physical = 1, cores = 2, virtual = 2, hyperthreading = no
Speeds | 2x1600.000
Models | 2xPentium(R) Dual-Core CPU E6600 @ 3.06GHz
Caches | 2x2048 KB
# Memory #####################################################
Total | 3.9G
Free | 389.6M
Used | physical = 3.5G, swap allocated = 0.0, swap used = 0.0, virtual = 3.5G
Buffers | 322.0M
Caches | 1.4G
Dirty | 344 kB
UsedRSS | 2.2G
Swappiness | 60
DirtyPolicy | 10, 5
DirtyStatus | 0, 0
Locator Size Speed Form Factor Type Type Detail
========= ======== ================= ============= ============= ===========
# Mounted Filesystems ########################################
Filesystem Size Used Type Opts Mountpoint
/dev/sda1 46G 63% ext4 rw,errors=remount-ro,commit=0 /
/dev/sda3 272G 15% ext4 rw,commit=0 /home
/dev/sda5 144G 55% fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096,default_permissions /media/other
none 2.0G 1% tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880 /run/shm
none 2.0G 1% tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev /run/shm
none 2.0G 1% debugfs rw /run/shm
none 2.0G 1% securityfs rw /run/shm
none 5.0M 0% tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880 /run/lock
none 5.0M 0% tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev /run/lock
none 5.0M 0% debugfs rw /run/lock
none 5.0M 0% securityfs rw /run/lock
tmpfs 799M 1% tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755 /run
udev 2.0G 1% devtmpfs rw,mode=0755 /dev
# Disk Schedulers And Queue Size #############################
sda | [cfq] 128
# Disk Partioning ############################################
# Kernel Inode State #########################################
dentry-state | 92512 78396 45 0 0 0
file-nr | 9632 0 407487
inode-nr | 166660 105139
# LVM Volumes ################################################
Unable to collect information
# LVM Volume Groups ##########################################
Unable to collect information
# RAID Controller ############################################
Controller | No RAID controller detected
# Network Config #############################################
Controller | Atheros Communications AR8151 v2.0 Gigabit Ethernet (rev c0)
FIN Timeout | 60
Port Range | 61000
# Interface Statistics #######################################
interface rx_bytes rx_packets rx_errors tx_bytes tx_packets tx_errors
========= ========= ========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
lo 1000000000 100000 0 1000000000 100000 0
eth0 3000000000 5000000 0 600000000 2000000 0
# Network Connections ########################################
Connections from remote IP addresses
61.135.208.76 6
61.135.208.77 15
61.158.248.86 1
74.125.31.125 1
74.125.235.64 1
74.125.235.70 1
74.125.235.71 2
74.125.235.72 1
74.125.235.73 1
74.125.235.78 2
74.125.235.99 1
74.125.235.101 3
74.125.235.102 1
74.125.235.111 2
74.125.235.161 1
74.125.235.166 1
74.125.235.201 1
91.189.89.88 1
91.189.89.144 1
91.189.90.41 1
101.71.248.195 1
112.95.242.170 1
120.92.249.43 2
125.39.127.17 3
173.194.72.95 1
180.149.134.229 1
192.168.200.25 4
192.168.200.202 1
192.168.200.227 1
203.208.46.200 1
Connections to local IP addresses
192.168.200.25 60
Connections to top 10 local ports
56897 1
56898 1
56899 1
57817 1
58279 1
58283 1
59046 1
59883 1
60109 1
6379 1
States of connections
CLOSE_WAIT 50
ESTABLISHED 10
LISTEN 20
# Top Processes ##############################################
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
2687 zhoujy 20 0 1182m 620m 43m S 24 15.5 1871:17 firefox
521 zhoujy 20 0 504m 95m 28m S 4 2.4 83:28.96 plugin-containe
2365 zhoujy 20 0 328m 105m 21m S 2 2.6 88:37.26 compiz
2378 zhoujy 9 -11 162m 9620 7412 S 2 0.2 34:09.55 pulseaudio
3136 zhoujy 20 0 92228 20m 12m S 2 0.5 0:27.86 gnome-terminal
1 root 20 0 3428 1896 1212 S 0 0.0 0:00.52 init
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.01 kthreadd
3 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:07.45 ksoftirqd/0
5 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0 0.0 0:00.51 kworker/u:0
# Notable Processes ##########################################
PID OOM COMMAND
824 -17 sshd
# Simplified and fuzzy rounded vmstat (wait please) ##########
procs ---swap-- -----io---- ---system---- --------cpu--------
r b si so bi bo ir cs us sy il wa st
1 0 0 0 2 15 15 10 13 1 85 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1500 3500 21 10 69 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1250 2250 16 2 83 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1000 2250 13 2 85 0
1 0 0 0 0 175 1750 4000 35 8 56 0
# The End ####################################################
更多信息见：http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-toolkit/2.2/pt-summary.html
2：pt-mysql-summary：查看mysql各个统计信息
执行：
pt-mysql-summary --user=root --password=123456 --host=192.168.200.25 --port=3306
打印出来的信息包括：版本信息、数据目录、命令的统计、用户，数据库以及复制等信息还包括各个变量（status、variables）信息和各个变量的比例信息，还有配置文件等信息。
zhoujy@zhoujy:~$ pt-mysql-summary --user=root --password=123456 --host=192.168.200.25 --port=3306
# Percona Toolkit MySQL Summary Report #######################
System time | 2013-10-23 09:20:38 UTC (local TZ: CST +0800)
# Instances ##################################################
Port Data Directory Nice OOM Socket
===== ========================== ==== === ======
3307 /opt/mysql/mysql5.6 0 0 /var/run/mysqld/mysqld2.sock
# MySQL Executable ###########################################
Path to executable | /opt/mysql/server-5.6/bin/mysqld
Has symbols | Yes
Path to executable | /usr/sbin/mysqld
Has symbols | No
# Report On Port 3306 ########################################
User | root@192.168.200.%
Time | 2013-10-23 17:20:38 (CST)
Hostname | zhoujy
Version | 5.1.69-0ubuntu0.11.10.1-log (Ubuntu)
Built On | debian-linux-gnu i686
Started | 2013-10-17 17:41 (up 5+23:39:35)
Databases | 33
Datadir | /var/lib/mysql/
Processes | 3 connected, 2 running
Replication | Is not a slave, has 1 slaves connected
Pidfile | /var/lib/mysql/zhoujy.pid (does not exist)
# Processlist ################################################ Command COUNT(*) Working SUM(Time) MAX(Time)
------------------------------ -------- ------- --------- ---------
Binlog Dump 1 1 175 175
Query 1 1 0 0
Sleep 1 0 7000 7000 User COUNT(*) Working SUM(Time) MAX(Time)
------------------------------ -------- ------- --------- ---------
rep 1 1 175 175
root 2 1 0 0 Host COUNT(*) Working SUM(Time) MAX(Time)
------------------------------ -------- ------- --------- ---------
localhost 1 0 0 0
zhoujy.local 2 2 175 175 db COUNT(*) Working SUM(Time) MAX(Time)
------------------------------ -------- ------- --------- ---------
aaa 1 0 0 0
NULL 2 2 175 175 State COUNT(*) Working SUM(Time) MAX(Time)
------------------------------ -------- ------- --------- ---------
1 0 0 0
Has sent all binlog to slave; 1 1 175 175
NULL 1 1 0 0 # Status Counters (Wait 10 Seconds) ##########################
Variable Per day Per second 10 secs
Aborted_connects 2
Binlog_cache_use 2
Bytes_received 12500 200
Bytes_sent 60000 1750
Com_admin_commands 20
Com_create_table 1
Com_insert 1
Com_select 50 1
Com_set_option 70
Com_show_binlogs 1
Com_show_create_table 1
Com_show_databases 1
Com_show_status 1
Com_show_tables 1
Com_show_variables 50
Connections 35 1
Created_tmp_disk_tables 5 1
Created_tmp_tables 70 3
Handler_commit 6
Handler_prepare 3
Handler_read_first 3
Handler_read_key 3
Handler_read_next 4
Handler_read_rnd_next 1250 35
Handler_write 1000 35
Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_flushed 15
Innodb_buffer_pool_read_requests 4500 70
Innodb_buffer_pool_reads 250
Innodb_buffer_pool_write_requests 60
Innodb_data_fsyncs 15
Innodb_data_read 4500000 50
Innodb_data_reads 250
Innodb_data_writes 20
Innodb_data_written 500000 5
Innodb_dblwr_pages_written 15
Innodb_dblwr_writes 2
Innodb_log_write_requests 7
Innodb_log_writes 2
Innodb_os_log_fsyncs 4
Innodb_os_log_written 5000
Innodb_pages_created 2
Innodb_pages_read 250
Innodb_pages_written 15
Innodb_rows_inserted 1
Innodb_rows_read 7
Key_read_requests 5
Key_reads 1
Key_write_requests 2
Key_writes 1
Open_table_definitions 45
Opened_files 400 70
Opened_table_definitions 90 15
Opened_tables 175 30
Queries 300 4
Questions 300 4
Select_scan 60
Table_locks_immediate 10
Uptime 90000 1 1
# Table cache ################################################
Size | 64
Usage | 100%
# Key Percona Server features ################################
Table & Index Stats | Not Supported
Multiple I/O Threads | Enabled
Corruption Resilient | Not Supported
Durable Replication | Not Supported
Import InnoDB Tables | Not Supported
Fast Server Restarts | Not Supported
Enhanced Logging | Not Supported
Replica Perf Logging | Not Supported
Response Time Hist. | Not Supported
Smooth Flushing | Not Supported
HandlerSocket NoSQL | Not Supported
Fast Hash UDFs | Unknown
# Percona XtraDB Cluster #####################################
# Plugins ####################################################
InnoDB compression | ACTIVE
# Query cache ################################################
query_cache_type | OFF
Size | 0.0
Usage | 0%
HitToInsertRatio | 0%
# Schema #####################################################
Would you like to mysqldump -d the schema and analyze it? y/n
Skipping schema analysis
# Noteworthy Technologies ####################################
SSL | No
Explicit LOCK TABLES | No
Delayed Insert | No
XA Transactions | No
NDB Cluster | No
Prepared Statements | No
Prepared statement count | 0
# InnoDB #####################################################
Version | 5.1.69
Buffer Pool Size | 500.0M
Buffer Pool Fill | 4%
Buffer Pool Dirty | 0%
File Per Table | ON
Page Size | 16k
Log File Size | 2 * 16.0M = 32.0M
Log Buffer Size | 8M
Flush Method | O_DIRECT
Flush Log At Commit | 0
XA Support | ON
Checksums | ON
Doublewrite | ON
R/W I/O Threads | 4 4
I/O Capacity | 200
Thread Concurrency | 0
Concurrency Tickets | 500
Commit Concurrency | 0
Txn Isolation Level | REPEATABLE-READ
Adaptive Flushing | ON
Adaptive Checkpoint |
Checkpoint Age | 0
InnoDB Queue | 0 queries inside InnoDB, 0 queries in queue
Oldest Transaction | 0 Seconds
History List Len | 107
Read Views | 1
Undo Log Entries | 0 transactions, 0 total undo, 0 max undo
Pending I/O Reads | 0 buf pool reads, 0 normal AIO, 0 ibuf AIO, 0 preads
Pending I/O Writes | 0 buf pool (0 LRU, 0 flush list, 0 page); 0 AIO, 0 sync, 0 log IO (0 log, 0 chkp); 0 pwrites
Pending I/O Flushes | 0 buf pool, 0 log
Transaction States | 1xnot started
# MyISAM #####################################################
Key Cache | 16.0M
Pct Used | 10%
Unflushed | 0%
# Security ###################################################
Users | 8 users, 0 anon, 0 w/o pw, 0 old pw
Old Passwords | OFF
# Binary Logging #############################################
Binlogs | 3
Zero-Sized | 0
Total Size | 4.8k
binlog_format | ROW
expire_logs_days | 10
sync_binlog | 0
server_id | 1
binlog_do_db |
binlog_ignore_db |
# Noteworthy Variables #######################################
Auto-Inc Incr/Offset | 1/1
default_storage_engine |
flush_time | 0
init_connect |
init_file |
sql_mode |
join_buffer_size | 128k
sort_buffer_size | 2M
read_buffer_size | 128k
read_rnd_buffer_size | 256k
bulk_insert_buffer | 0.00
max_heap_table_size | 16M
tmp_table_size | 16M
max_allowed_packet | 64M
thread_stack | 192k
log | OFF
log_error | /var/log/mysql/error.log
log_warnings | 1
log_slow_queries | OFF
log_queries_not_using_indexes | OFF
log_slave_updates | OFF
# Configuration File #########################################
Config File | /etc/mysql/my.cnf [client]
port = 3306
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock [mysqld_safe]
innodb_stats_sample_pages = 16
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
nice = 0 [mysqld]
ft_min_word_len = 2
ft_stopword_file = /var/lib/mysql/stopword.txt
innodb_adaptive_hash_index = 0
low-priority-updates
show-slave-auth-info
ignore_builtin_innodb
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 500M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_log_file_size = 16M
innodb_file_per_table
myisam-recover = force,backup
myisam_block_size = 2048
user = mysql
socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port = 3306
basedir = /usr
datadir = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir = /tmp
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
kb1.key_buffer_size = 10M
kb2.key_buffer_size = 10M
max_allowed_packet = 64M
thread_stack = 192K
thread_cache_size = 8
myisam-recover = BACKUP
max_connections = 600
query_cache_type = 0
log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log
server-id = 1
log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log
binlog_format = MIXED
expire_logs_days = 10
max_binlog_size = 1024M
max_relay_log_size = 500M [mysqldump]
quick
quote-names
max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] [isamchk]
key_buffer = 16M
# The End ####################################################
更多信息见：http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-toolkit/2.2/pt-mysql-summary.html
3：pt-config-diff：对比配置文件的异同，类似Linux的diff命令
执行：
pt-config-diff h=localhost,P=3306 h=192.168.200.25,P=3307 --user=root --password=123456
打印出来的信息包括：指定MySQL它们配置文件的不同。
zhoujy@zhoujy:~$ pt-config-diff --ask-pass h=localhost,P=3306 h=192.168.200.25,P=3307 --user=root
Enter MySQL password:
Enter MySQL password:
49 config differences
Variable zhoujy zhoujy
========================= ========================= =========================
back_log 50 170
basedir /usr/ /opt/mysql/server-5.6
character_sets_dir /usr/share/mysql/chars... /opt/mysql/server-5.6/...
completion_type 0 NO_CHAIN
concurrent_insert 1 AUTO
datadir /var/lib/mysql/ /opt/mysql/mysql5.6/
ft_min_word_len 2 4
general_log_file /var/lib/mysql/zhoujy.log /opt/mysql/mysql5.6/zh...
ignore_builtin_innodb ON OFF
innodb_adaptive_hash_i... OFF ON
innodb_autoextend_incr... 8 64
innodb_buffer_pool_size 524288000 134217728
innodb_change_buffering inserts all
innodb_concurrency_tic... 500 5000
innodb_data_file_path ibdata1:10M:autoextend ibdata1:12M:autoextend
innodb_file_format_check Barracuda ON
innodb_flush_log_at_tr... 0 1
innodb_flush_method O_DIRECT
innodb_log_file_size 16777216 50331648
innodb_old_blocks_time 0 1000
innodb_open_files 300 2000
innodb_stats_on_metadata ON OFF
innodb_version 5.1.69 1.2.10
join_buffer_size 131072 262144
log_error /var/log/mysql/error.log /var/log/mysql/error2.log
low_priority_updates ON OFF
max_binlog_cache_size 4294963200 18446744073709547520
max_connect_errors 10 100
open_files_limit 3000 65535
optimizer_switch index_merge=on,index_m... index_merge=on,index_m...
pid_file /var/lib/mysql/zhoujy.pid /opt/mysql/mysql5.6/zh...
plugin_dir /usr/lib/mysql/plugin /opt/mysql/server-5.6/...
port 3306 3307
query_cache_size 0 16777216
report_port 3306 3307
secure_auth OFF ON
server_id 1 2
slow_query_log_file /var/lib/mysql/zhoujy-... /opt/mysql/mysql5.6/zh...
socket /var/run/mysqld/mysqld... /var/run/mysqld/mysqld...
sort_buffer_size 2097144 262144
sql_auto_is_null ON OFF
sql_mode NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
sql_slave_skip_counter 0
storage_engine MyISAM InnoDB
table_definition_cache 256 1400
table_open_cache 64 2000
version 5.1.69-0ubuntu0.11.10.... 5.6.10-log
version_comment (Ubuntu) MySQL Community Server...
version_compile_os debian-linux-gnu debian6.0
更多信息见：http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-toolkit/2.2/pt-config-diff.html
4：pt-variable-advisor：通过该命令，分析MySQL的变量（my.cnf），并对可能存在的问题提出建议
执行：
从指定地址获取变量值：
pt-variable-advisor --user=root --password=123456 192.168.220.245
打印出来的信息包括：一些变量设置的是否合理已经给出的建议
zhoujy@zhoujy:~$ pt-variable-advisor --ask-pass --user=zjy 192.168.220.245
Enter password:
# WARN delay_key_write: MyISAM index blocks are never flushed until necessary. # WARN innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit-1: InnoDB is not configured in strictly ACID mode. # WARN innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit-2: Setting innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit to 0 has no performance benefits over setting it to 2, and more types of data loss are possible. # NOTE innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct: The innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct is lower than the default. # NOTE log_warnings-2: Log_warnings must be set greater than 1 to log unusual events such as aborted connections. # NOTE max_connect_errors: max_connect_errors should probably be set as large as your platform allows. # WARN slave_net_timeout: This variable is set too high. # NOTE sort_buffer_size-1: The sort_buffer_size variable should generally be left at its default unless an expert determines it is necessary to change it. # NOTE innodb_data_file_path: Auto-extending InnoDB files can consume a lot of disk space that is very difficult to reclaim later. # NOTE innodb_flush_method: Most production database servers that use InnoDB should set innodb_flush_method to O_DIRECT to avoid double-buffering, unless the I/O system is very low performance. # WARN log_bin: Binary logging is disabled, so point-in-time recovery and replication are not possible.
更多信息见：http://www.percona.com/doc/percona-toolkit/2.2/pt-variable-advisor.html