HTTPS 其实就是 HTTP + SSL/TLS 的合体，它其实还是 HTTP 协议，只是在外面加了一层，SSL 是一种加密安全协议
引入 SSL 的目的是为了解决 HTTP 协议在不可信网络中使用明文传输数据导致的安全性问题
SSL/TLS协议及其握手过程
在 SSL/TLS 握手的过程中，客户端和服务器彼此交换并验证证书，并协商出一个 “对话密钥” ，后续的所有通信都使用这个 “对话密钥” 进行加密，保证通信安全
1 打招呼
当用户通过浏览器访问 HTTPS 站点时，浏览器会向服务器打个招呼，服务器也会和浏览器打个招呼。所谓的打招呼，实际上是告诉彼此各自的 SSL/TLS 版本号以及各自支持的加密算法等，让彼此有一个初步了解
2 表明身份、验证身份
第二步是整个过程中最复杂的一步，也是 HTTPS 通信中的关键。为了保证通信的安全，首先要保证我正在通信的人确实就是那个我想与之通信的人，服务器会发送一个证书来表明自己的身份，浏览器根据证书里的信息进行核实。如果是双向认证的话，浏览器也会向服务器发送客户端证书
双方的身份都验证没问题之后，浏览器会和服务器协商出一个 “对话密钥”
3 通信
至此，握手就结束了。双方开始聊天，并通过 “对话密钥” 加密通信的数据。
1 工具类
package dd.com; import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry; import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager; import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.SchemeRegistry;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; public class HttpUtils { private static RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(15000).setConnectTimeout(15000)
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(15000).build(); public static String sendHttpGet(String url) {
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
HttpEntity entity = null;
String responseContent = null;
try {
// 创建默认的httpClient实例.
httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig); // 执行请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
entity = response.getEntity();
responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
// 关闭连接,释放资源
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
if (httpClient != null) {
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return responseContent;
} /**
* 发送 post请求
*
* @param httpUrl 地址
* @param maps 参数
*/
public static String sendHttpPost(String httpUrl, Map<String, String> maps) {
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);// 创建httpPost
// 创建参数队列
List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
for (String key : maps.keySet()) {
nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, maps.get(key)));
}
try {
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs, "UTF-8"));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
HttpEntity entity = null;
String responseContent = null;
try {
// 创建默认的httpClient实例.
httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
// 执行请求
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
entity = response.getEntity();
responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
// 关闭连接,释放资源
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
if (httpClient != null) {
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return responseContent;
} @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static String sendHttpsPost(String url, Map<String, String> map, String charset) {
if (null == charset) {
charset = "utf-8";
}
HttpClient httpClient = null;
HttpPost httpPost = null;
String result = null;
try {
httpClient = new SSLClient();
httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 设置参数
List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
Iterator iterator = map.entrySet().iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Entry<String, String> elem = (Entry<String, String>) iterator.next();
list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(elem.getKey(), elem.getValue()));
}
if (list.size() > 0) {
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list, charset);
httpPost.setEntity(entity);
}
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
if (response != null) {
HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
if (resEntity != null) {
result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, charset);
}
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
} public static String sendHttpsGet(String url, String charset) {
if (null == charset) {
charset = "utf-8";
}
HttpClient httpClient = null;
HttpGet httpGet = null;
String result = null; try {
httpClient = new SSLClient();
httpGet = new HttpGet(url); HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
if (response != null) {
HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
if (resEntity != null) {
result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, charset);
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} return result;
} public static class SSLClient extends DefaultHttpClient {
public SSLClient() throws Exception {
super();
SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
X509TrustManager tm = new X509TrustManager() {
@Override
public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
} @Override
public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
} @Override
public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
return null;
}
};
ctx.init(null, new TrustManager[] { tm }, null);
SSLSocketFactory ssf = new SSLSocketFactory(ctx, SSLSocketFactory.ALLOW_ALL_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);
ClientConnectionManager ccm = this.getConnectionManager();
SchemeRegistry sr = ccm.getSchemeRegistry();
sr.register(new Scheme("https", 443, ssf));
}
}
}
2 maven 依赖 和 jdk 编译版本
3 依赖的jar包