Mysql上的RAC：Percona XtraDB Cluster负载均衡集群安装部署手冊

2023-08-21 19:17:58

 

 Percona XtraDB Cluster安装部署手冊

 


引言

编写目的

编写此文档，供PerconaXtraDB Cluster部署时使用。

预期读者

系统维护人员及实施人员。

编制根据及參考资料

目标

通过阅读该手冊，让读者明白PerconaXtraDB Cluster的安装、配置和维护情况，为兴许数据库运维工作提供指导。

应用部署方案

环境准备

服务器列表

序号

IP

用途

HOSTNAME

操作系统

1

192.168.0.7

Percona XtraDB Cluster

 

RedHat 6.3

2

192.168.0.9

Percona XtraDB Cluster

 

RedHat 6.3

3

192.168.0.15

LVS+Keepalived

 

RedHat 5.6

4

192.168.0.17

LVS+Keepalived

 

RedHat 5.6

IP列表

序号

名称

IP

1

LVS-DR-VIP

192.168.0.110

2

LVS-DR-Master

192.168.0.15

3

LVS-DR-BACKUP

192.168.0.17

4

MySQL1-Realserver

192.168.0.7

5

MySQL2-Realserver

192.168.0.9

6

GateWay

192.168.0.1

配置网易的YUM源

1. 导入证书（证书的位置http://mirrors.163.com/centos/）

rpm -importhttp://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

2. 使用网易的源

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

wgethttp://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo

3. 改动文件（把全部$releasever替换成5，保存）

vim CentOS5-Base-163.repo

4. 更新yum

yum -y update

LVS安装

1.    安装

yum install ipvsadm –y

Installing : ipvsadm-1.25-9.el6.i686 1/1

Installed:

ipvsadm.i686 0:1.25-9.el6

Complete!

2.   Ipvsadm命令參数

-C 清除表中全部的记录

ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.3.187:80 -s rr

-A --add-service在服务器列表中新加入一条新的虚拟服务器记录

-t 表示为tcp服务

-u 表示为udp服务

-s --scheduler 使用的调度算法， rr | wrr | lc | wlc | lblb |lblcr | dh | sh | sed | nq 默认调度算法是 wlc

ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.3.187:80 -r 192.168.200.10:80 -m-w 1

-a --add-server 在服务器表中加入一条新的真实主机记录

-t --tcp-service 说明虚拟服务器提供tcp服务

-u --udp-service 说明虚拟服务器提供udp服务

-r --real-server 真实服务器地址

-m --masquerading 指定LVS工作模式为NAT模式

-w --weight 真实服务器的权值

-g --gatewaying 指定LVS工作模式为直接路由器模式（也是LVS默认的模式）

-i --ipip 指定LVS的工作模式为隧道模式

-p 会话保持时间，定义流量呗转到同一个realserver的会话存留时间

调度算法

rr 轮询 round robin, wrr 加强轮询 weighted round robin。

新的请求被轮流分配到RealServer上，它如果服务器处理性能都同样。无论服务器当前的连接数和响应速度，不适合服务器性能不同的集群。这会导致服务器间的负载不平衡

dh 目的地址散列调度destination hashing

 

Keepalived安装

安装

1.    gcc

     安装命令：yum install gcc gcc-c++

2.    openssl-devel ,openssl

     安装命令：yum install openssl-developenssl

3.    源代码内核的

     安装命令：yum install kernel-devel kernel

     建立软连接：ln -s /usr/src/kernels/内核名称/   /usr/src/linux

4.    popt-devel,libnl-devel

     安装命令：yum install popt-devellibnl-devel

5.    安装keepalived

#wgethttp://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.12.tar.gz

#tar xvzf keepalived-1.2.12.tar.gz

#cd keepalived-1.2.12

#uname –r

# ln -sv /usr/src/kernels/`uname-r`-`uname -m`/ /usr/src/linux # 必须做不然，编译会出错

#./configure --sysconf=/usr/local/keepalived--prefix=/usr/local/keepalived

     # make && make install

#cp/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/

#cp/usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/

#cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived/etc/init.d/

#mkdir /etc/keepalived

#vi/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

#chkconfig --add keepalived

#chkconfig keepalived on #做成系统服务

#service keepalivedstart|stop|status

配置

1.    主服务器配置keepalived.conf

global_defs{

   notification_email {

     duhj@c-sunrise.com

   }

   notification_email_from duhj@c-sunrise.com

   smtp_server 127.0.0.1

   smtp_connect_timeout 30

   router_id mysql-ha

}

 

vrrp_instanceVI_1 {

    state MASTER

    interface eth0

    virtual_router_id 51

    priority 100

    advert_int 1

    nopreempt  #不抢占,仅仅在priority高的节点上设置

    authentication {

        auth_type PASS

        auth_pass 1111

    }

    virtual_ipaddress {

        192.168.0.110

    }

}

 

virtual_server192.168.0.110 3306 {

    delay_loop 2

    lb_algo wrr

    lb_kind DR

    persistence_timeout 600 #超时设置，单位秒

protocol TCP

real_server 192.168.0.7 3306

        weight 3

        # notify_down /root/sh/mysql.sh

            TCP_CHECK {

            connect_timeout 300 #超时设置，单位秒

            nb_get_retry 3

            delay_before_retry 3

            connect_port 3306

        }

    }

 

    real_server 192.168.0.9 3306

        weight 3

        # notify_down /root/sh/mysql.sh

            TCP_CHECK {

            connect_timeout 300 #超时设置，单位秒

            nb_get_retry 3

            delay_before_retry 3

            connect_port 3306

        }

    }

}

2.    从服务器配置/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

 global_defs {

   notification_email {

     duhj@c-sunrise.com

   }

   notification_email_from duhj@c-sunrise.com

   smtp_server 127.0.0.1

   smtp_connect_timeout 30

   router_id mysql-ha

}

 

vrrp_instanceVI_1 {

    state BACKUP

    interface eth0

    virtual_router_id 51

    priority 88

    advert_int 1

    nopreempt  #不抢占,仅仅在priority高的节点上设置

    authentication {

        auth_type PASS

        auth_pass 1111

    }

    virtual_ipaddress {

        192.168.0.110

    }

}

 

virtual_server192.168.0.110 3306 {

    delay_loop 2

    lb_algo wrr

    lb_kind DR

    persistence_timeout 600 #超时设置，单位秒

protocolTCP

real_server192.168.0.7 3306

        weight 3

        #notify_down /root/sh/mysql.sh

            TCP_CHECK {

            connect_timeout 300 #超时设置。单位秒

            nb_get_retry 3

            delay_before_retry 3

            connect_port 3306

        }

    }

 

    real_server 192.168.0.9 3306

        weight 3

        # notify_down /root/sh/mysql.sh

            TCP_CHECK {

            connect_timeout 300 #超时设置，单位秒

            nb_get_retry 3

            delay_before_retry 3

            connect_port 3306

        }

    }

}s

Percona XtraDB Cluster安装

安装说明

安装准备

Ø 服务器版本号查看

# cat /etc/redhat-release

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4 (Santiago)

Ø 新建文件夹：

#mkdir -p /softwares

Ø 下载RPM包

l 下载XTRADB Cluster包

wget http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

 

wgethttp://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56-debuginfo-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

 

wgethttp://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel6/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-client-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel6.x86_64.rpm

 

wget

http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-devel-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

 

wgethttp://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-full-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

 

wgethttp://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-galera-3-3.4-1.213.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

 

wget

http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-galera-3-debuginfo-3.4-1.213.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

 

wget

http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-server-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

 

wget

http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-shared-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

 

wget

http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-56/LATEST/RPM/rhel5/x86_64/Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-test-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel5.x86_64.rpm

 

l 下载XTRABACKUP包

wgethttp://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/XtraBackup/LATEST/binary/redhat/5/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-2.2.3-4982.el5.x86_64.rpm

 

wget

http://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/XtraBackup/LATEST/binary/redhat/5/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-debuginfo-2.2.3-4982.el5.x86_64.rpm

 

wget

ttp://www.percona.com/redir/downloads/XtraBackup/LATEST/binary/redhat/5/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-test-2.2.3-4982.el5.x86_64.rpm

 

Ø 安装依赖包

l 安装包准备

安装光盘package文件夹下：perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64.rpm

 

wgethttp://repo.webtatic.com/yum/el6/x86_64/libmysqlclient16-5.1.69-1.w6.x86_64.rpm

 

     wget     http://apt.sw.be/redhat/el6/en/x86_64/rpmforge/RPMS/socat-1.7.2.4-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm

    

wget

http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/nc-1.84-22.el6.x86_64.rpm

l 安装

rpm -ivhlibmysqlclient16-5.1.69-1.w6.x86_64.rpm

 

rpm -ivhperl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64.rpm socat-1.7.2.4-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpmnc-1.84-22.el6.x86_64.rpm

 

Ø 删除原有软件包

  rpm -qa | grep mysql  | xargs sudo rpm -e –nodeps

 

安装Percona XtraDB Cluster

Ø 安装percona-xtrabackup

    rpm -ivhpercona-xtrabackup-2.1.9-744.rhel6.x86_64.rpm

Ø 安装Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-galera

    rpm -ivhPercona-XtraDB-Cluster-galera-3-3.5-1.216.rhel6.x86_64.rpmPercona-XtraDB-Cluster-galera-3-debuginfo-3.5-1.216.rhel6.x86_64.rpm

Ø 安装Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-client

rpm -ivhPercona-XtraDB-Cluster-client-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel6.x86_64.rpm

Ø 安装libmysqlclient16-5.1.69-1.w6.x86_64

   rpm -ivhlibmysqlclient16-5.1.69-1.w6.x86_64.rpm

Ø 安装Percona-XtraDB-Cluster-server

    rpm -ivhPercona-XtraDB-Cluster-server-56-5.6.15-25.5.759.rhel6.x86_64.rpm

配置第一个节点

1、编辑配置文件

find / -name 'my-default.cnf'

cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysql]

 

# CLIENT #

port                           = 3306

socket                         =/data/munion_db/mysql.sock

 

[mysqld]

 

# GENERAL #

user                           = mysql

default-storage-engine         = InnoDB

skip-name-resolve

character-set-server           = utf8

socket                         =/data/munion_db/mysql.sock

pid-file                       =/data/munion_db/mysql.pid

 

# MyISAM #

key-buffer-size                = 32M

myisam-recover                 = FORCE,BACKUP

 

# SAFETY #

max-allowed-packet             = 16M

max-connect-errors             = 1000000

skip-name-resolve

sysdate-is-now                 = 1

innodb                         = FORCE

 

# DATA STORAGE #

datadir                        = /data/munion_db

 

# BINARY LOGGING #

log-bin                        =/data/munion_db/mysql-bin

expire-logs-days               = 14

sync-binlog                    = 1

# REPLICATION #

relay-log                      =/data/munion_db/relay-bin

slave-net-timeout              = 60

 

# CACHES AND LIMITS #

tmp-table-size                 = 250M

max-heap-table-size            = 250M

query-cache-type               = 0

query-cache-size               = 0

max-connections                = 2000

thread-cache-size              = 100

open-files-limit               = 65535

table-definition-cache         = 4096

table-open-cache               = 6000

 

# INNODB #

innodb-flush-method            = O_DIRECT

innodb-log-files-in-group      = 4

innodb-log-file-size           = 1g

innodb_log_buffer_size         = 30M

innodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit = 2

innodb-file-per-table          = 1

innodb-buffer-pool-size        = 25G

innodb_buffer_pool_instances   = 24

innodb_thread_sleep_delay      = 40

innodb_change_buffer_max_size  = 50

innodb_adaptive_hash_index     = 1

 

 

init_connect='SET autocommit=0'

wait_timeout=100

#interactive_timeout=100

 

# LOGGING #

log-error                      =/data/munion_db/mysql-error.log

log-queries-not-using-indexes  = 1

slow-query-log                 = 1

slow-query-log-file            = /data/munion_db/mysql-slow.log

 

 

#config for wsrep

wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/libgalera_smm.so

wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://10.25.141.55,10.25.141.56

binlog_format=ROW

default_storage_engine=InnoDB

innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2

wsrep_node_address=10.25.141.55

wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2

wsrep_cluster_name=my_centos_cluster

wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:s3cret"

wsrep_slave_threads=8

wsrep_provider_options='gcs.max_packet_size=10485760;gcache.size=2147483648;replicator.commit_order=3'

wsrep_max_ws_rows=10485760

wsrep_max_ws_size=2147483648

#config for others

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

配置第二个节点

[mysql]

 

# CLIENT #

port                           = 3306

socket                         =/data/munion_db/mysql.sock

 

[mysqld]

 

# GENERAL #

user                           = mysql

default-storage-engine         = InnoDB

skip-name-resolve

character-set-server           = utf8

socket                         =/data/munion_db/mysql.sock

pid-file                       =/data/munion_db/mysql.pid

 

# MyISAM #

key-buffer-size                = 32M

myisam-recover                 = FORCE,BACKUP

 

# SAFETY #

max-allowed-packet             = 16M

max-connect-errors             = 1000000

skip-name-resolve

sysdate-is-now                 = 1

innodb                         = FORCE

 

# DATA STORAGE #

datadir                        = /data/munion_db

 

# BINARY LOGGING #

log-bin                        = /data/munion_db/mysql-bin

expire-logs-days               = 14

 

sync-binlog                    = 1

 

# REPLICATION #

relay-log                      =/data/munion_db/relay-bin

slave-net-timeout              = 60

 

# CACHES AND LIMITS #

tmp-table-size                 = 32M

max-heap-table-size            = 32M

query-cache-type               = 0

query-cache-size               = 0

max-connections                = 3000

thread-cache-size              = 100

open-files-limit               = 65535

table-definition-cache         = 4096

table-open-cache               = 3000

 

# INNODB #

innodb-flush-method            = O_DIRECT

innodb-log-files-in-group      = 4

innodb-log-file-size           = 1g

innodb_log_buffer_size         = 30M

innodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit = 2

innodb-file-per-table          = 1

innodb-buffer-pool-size        = 25G

innodb_buffer_pool_instances   = 12

innodb_thread_sleep_delay      = 40

init_connect='SET autocommit=0'

wait_timeout=100

interactive_timeout=100

 

# LOGGING #

log-error                      =/data/munion_db/mysql-error.log

log-queries-not-using-indexes  = 1

slow-query-log                 = 1

slow-query-log-file            = /data/munion_db/mysql-slow.log

 

#config for wsrep

wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/libgalera_smm.so

wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://10.25.141.55,10.25.141.56

binlog_format=ROW

default_storage_engine=InnoDB

innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2

wsrep_node_address=10.25.141.56

wsrep_cluster_name=my_centos_cluster

#wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2

wsrep_sst_method=rsync

wsrep_sst_auth="sstuser:s3cret"

wsrep_slave_threads=8

wsrep_provider_options='gcs.max_packet_size=10485760;gcache.size=2147483648;replicator.commit_order=3'

wsrep_max_ws_rows=10485760

wsrep_max_ws_size=2147483648

 

#config for others

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

LVS+Keepalived配合脚本

#vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/realserver.sh

#!/bin/bash 

# description: Config realserver lo andapply noarp 

SNS_VIP=192.168.0.110 

# /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions 

case "$1" in 

start) 

      ifconfig lo:0 $SNS_VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $SNS_VIP 

      /sbin/route add -host $SNS_VIP dev lo:0 

      echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore 

      echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce 

      echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore 

      echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce 

      sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1 

      echo "RealServer Start OK" 

      ;; 

stop) 

      ifconfig lo:0 down 

      route del $SNS_VIP >/dev/null 2>&1 

      echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore 

      echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce 

      echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore 

      echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce 

      echo "RealServer Stoped" 

      ;; 

*) 

      echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}" 

      exit 1 

esac 

exit 0 

加入开机自启动：

vim/etc/rc.local

#!/bin/sh

#

# This script will be executed *after* allthe other init scripts.

# You can put your own initialization stuffin here if you don't

# want to do the full Sys V style initstuff.

 

touch /var/lock/subsys/local

./etc/rc.d/init.d/realserver.shstart

启动相关服务

Ø 主备LVS

#servicekeepalived start #启动keepalived服务

Ø MySQL Cluster中的2台SQL节点

 #cd /etc/rc.d/init.d/

 #chmod 755 realserver.sh

     #./realserver.sh

測试

方法一：

#telnet192.168.0.110 3306

方法二：

 使用mysql的各种客户端工具连接mysql。

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