Python开发——6.文件操作

一、文件操作

1.文件操作的处理流程

  打开文件得到文件句柄并赋值给一个变量====》通过句柄对文件进行分析====》关闭文件

#1. 打开文件,得到文件句柄并赋值给一个变量
f=open('Lakers.txt','r',encoding='utf-8') #默认打开模式就为r #2. 通过句柄对文件进行操作
data=f.read() #3. 关闭文件
f.close()

  为了避免忘记关闭文件,可以用with open

#读
with open("Lakers.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
data = f.read()
print(data)
#写
with open("Lakers.txt","r",encoding="utf-8") as f1, \
open("Spurs.txt","w",encoding="utf-8") as f2:
data1 = f1.read()
f2.write("tim\n21\n未来是你的")
print(data1)

  文件打开时指定的编码要和保存时指定的编码相同,否则会出现乱码。

2.打开文件的模式

(1)打开文件的模式

  打开文件的模式(默认为文本模式):只读(r),只写(w),只追加(a)

(2)非文本模式

  对于非文本模式,只能用b模式,“b”表示以字节的方式操作,rb,wb,ab。b模式不需要考虑文本文件的字符编码、图片、视频的格式等,读取的内容是字节类型,写入时也要指定字节类型,不能指定编码。

a.文件模式

  r 读模式,默认的模式

f = open("Lakers.txt","r",encoding="utf-8")
data = f.read()
print(data)

  w 写模式,写之前会创建新的文件,如果文件存在,内容会被覆盖

f = open("Lakers.txt","w",encoding="utf-8")
f.write("kobe byrant\n24&8\n湖人总冠军")
f.close()

  a 写模式,在文件最后追加内容

f = open("Lakers.txt","a",encoding="utf-8")
f.write("老子库兹马,又帅又能打")
f.close()

b.binary mod,二进制模式

  b的方式读

f = open("Lakers.txt","rb")
data = f.read()
print(data)
print(data.decode("utf-8"))
f.close()

  b的方式写

f = open("Spurs.txt","wb")
f.write(bytes("马刺马刺马刺\nTim Duncon\n未来是你的",encoding="utf-8"))
f.close()

c.t text mod,文本模式

d.+ open a disk file for updating (reading and writing)

e.U universal newline mode (for backwards compatibility; should not be used in new code)\r\n

f = open("Spurs.txt","r",encoding="utf-8",newline="")
data = f.readlines()
print(data

3.文件的操作

(1)f.read()  

  读取文件的全部内容,光标移动到文件的末尾 

(2)f.readline()

  读取文件的一行内容,光标移动到文件下一行开头

with open("Lakers.txt","r",encoding="utf-8") as f:
data1 = f.readline()
data2 = f.readline()
data3 = f.readline()
data4 = f.readline()
# data5 = f.readline()
print(data1,data2,data3,data4)

(3)f.readlines()  

  读取每一行内容,存放于列表中

with open("Lakers.txt","r",encoding="utf-8") as f:
data1 = f.readlines()
print(data1)

(4)f.write()

(5)f.writelines()

with open("Spurs.txt","a",encoding="utf-8") as f:
f.writelines(["\nkawaii\n","张铁林\n","张继科\n"])

(6)

  f.readable()  判断文件是否可读

  f.writable()  判断文件是否可写??

  f.closed()  判断文件是否关闭

  f.flush()  将文件从内存刷新到硬盘

4.光标移动

  f.read(n) 文本模式下移动n个字符,b模式下移动n个字节

  f.seek(n) 任何模式下都是移动n个字节

  offset -- 开始的偏移量,也就是代表需要移动偏移的字节数

  whence:可选,默认值为 0。给offset参数一个定义,表示要从哪个位置开始偏移;0代表从文件开头开始算起,1代表从当前位置开始算起,2代表从文件末尾算起。1和2必须在b模式下

f = open("Lakers.txt","rb")
f.seek(3,0)
print(f.tell())
f.seek(3,1)
print(f.tell())
f.seek(-3,2)
print(f.tell())

  f.truncate(n) 截取n个字节

  f.tell() 显示光标当前位置

二、一个文件操作系统

# 实现功能:1.函数操作 2.文件处理 3.tag的用法 4.文件的解耦
import os
def file_handler(backend_data,res=None,type="fetch"):#文件的解耦
if type == "fetch":
with open("haproxy.conf","r") as read_f:
tag = False#tag用法
ret= []
for read_line in read_f:
if read_line.strip()==backend_data:
tag =True
continue
if tag and read_line.startswith("backend"):
break
if tag:
print(read_line,end="")
ret.append(read_line)
return ret
elif type == "change":
with open("haproxy.conf", "r") as read_f, open("haproxy.conf_new", "w") as write_f:
tag = False
has_write = False
for read_line in read_f:
if read_line.strip() == backend_data:
tag = True
continue
if tag and read_line.startswith("backend"):
tag = False
if not tag:
write_f.write(read_line)
else:
if not has_write:
for record in res:
write_f.write(record)
has_write = True
os.rename("haproxy.conf", "haproxy.conf.bak")
os.rename("haproxy.conf_new", "haproxy.conf")
os.remove("haproxy.conf.bak")
def fetch(data):
print("这是查询功能")
print("用户数据是",data)
backend_dat= "backend %s" %data
return (file_handler(backend_dat)) def add():
pass def change(data):
backend=data[0]["backend"]
backend_data="backend %s" %backend
old_server_record="%sserver %s %s weight %s maxconn %s\n" %(" "*8,data[0]["record"]["server"],
data[0]["record"]["server"],
data[0]["record"]["weight"],
data[0]["record"]["maxconn"])
new_server_record="%sserver %s %s weight %s maxconn %s\n" %(" "*8,data[1]["record"]["server"],
data[1]["record"]["server"],
data[1]["record"]["weight"],
data[1]["record"]["maxconn"])
print("用户想要修改的记录是:",old_server_record)
res = fetch(backend)
print("来自change函数读取的内容:",res)
if not res or old_server_record not in res:
print("没有找到要修改的内容")
else:
index = res.index(old_server_record)
res[index]=new_server_record
res.insert(0,"%s\n" %backend_data)
file_handler(backend_data,res=res,type="change")
return res def delete():
pass if __name__ == "__main__":#判断功能
msg='''
1:查询
2:增加
3:修改
4:删除
5:退出
'''
msg_dic={
"":fetch,
"":add,
"":change,
"":delete,
}
while True:
print(msg)
choice = input("请输入你的选项: ").strip()
if not choice:continue
if choice == "": break data = input("请输入你的数据:").strip()
if choice != "":
data = eval(data) res = msg_dic[choice](data)
print(res)
# [{"backend":"www.oldboy1.org","record":{"server":"2.2.2.4","weight":"20","maxconn":"3000"}},{"backend":"www.oldboy1.org","record":{"server":"2.2.2.5","weight":"20","maxconn":"3000"}}]

文件操作系统

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