嘿!为你的应用创建滚动日志吧?

  一般作为服务端的应用,必须要有相应的日志,否则问题怎么排查呢?

  而日志怎么打印,也是一个技术活。不然java中也不会存在N多厂商争相提供日志框架了!

  而日志滚动则往往也是刚需,毕竟没人能保证日志的量及可阅读性。日志滚动实现主要有两个大方向:

    1.  让应用服务自行打印,打印到时也完全由应用决定!

    2. 借助第三方的工具进行日志打印,这种一般要借助于控制台或者agent!

    3. 让日志框架提供日志滚动功能,自行管理日志;这样做有个好处就是,应用自带,无需外部处理。坏处就是要完全依赖该应用,会影响该应用的性能,且如果该应用存在bug,则功能就不敢保证了。(稍后我会以logback的日志滚动说明)

    4. 借助第三方的工具进行日志滚动;这样做的好处是滚动功能更独立,对代码无入侵,即使真的有问题,大不了把它干掉也没关系;另外,第三方工具不会因为应用本身的bug而导致滚动异常,从而保证了有足够的排查依据。(稍后我会以cronolog进行讲解滚动实现);

  

具体日志滚动实现

1. 使用应用打印的方式:如logback的rollingpolicy,则自带滚动日志功能!但是坑多!

  1.1. 首先我们看下日志滚动的配置:(在 logback.xml 配置)

    <!--输出到文件-->
    <appender name="file" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <file>${log_path}/api.ln.log</file>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy" >
            <fileNamePattern>${log_path}/api.%d{yyyy-MM-dd_HH}.log</fileNamePattern>
            <!-- keep 10 days' worth of history capped at 8GB total size -->
            <maxHistory>10</maxHistory>
            <totalSizeCap>8GB</totalSizeCap>
        </rollingPolicy>
        <encoder>
            <pattern>%d{MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
        </encoder>
    </appender>

  这里配置以时间为滚动标准,每小时滚动一次!最大保留10天日志,总共大小不超过8G。我们后面来看下他的效果!

1.2. 看下滚动代码!

  首先,日志滚动会有相应的线程一直在跑(不管是应用实现还是第三方实现都是这样,否则怎么随时检测滚动时机呢)!

   在 EventPlayer中,有个play方法,此时会决断是否是 EndEvent, 如果是的话就会调用后台线程生成!

    // ch.qos.logback.core.joran.spi.EventPlayer
    public void play(List<SaxEvent> aSaxEventList) {
        eventList = aSaxEventList;
        SaxEvent se;
        for (currentIndex = 0; currentIndex < eventList.size(); currentIndex++) {
            se = eventList.get(currentIndex);

            if (se instanceof StartEvent) {
                interpreter.startElement((StartEvent) se);
                // invoke fireInPlay after startElement processing
                interpreter.getInterpretationContext().fireInPlay(se);
            }
            if (se instanceof BodyEvent) {
                // invoke fireInPlay before characters processing
                interpreter.getInterpretationContext().fireInPlay(se);
                interpreter.characters((BodyEvent) se);
            }
            // rollingPollicy 在此处调唤醒
            if (se instanceof EndEvent) {
                // invoke fireInPlay before endElement processing
                interpreter.getInterpretationContext().fireInPlay(se);
                interpreter.endElement((EndEvent) se);
            }

        }
    }

  然后,几经转换,就到了Interpreter 了,这里会做一个死循环,一直在监听!

    // ch.qos.logback.core.joran.spi.Interpreter
    private void callEndAction(List<Action> applicableActionList, String tagName) {
        if (applicableActionList == null) {
            return;
        }

        // logger.debug("About to call end actions on node: [" + localName + "]");
        Iterator<Action> i = applicableActionList.iterator();

        while (i.hasNext()) {
            Action action = i.next();
            // now let us invoke the end method of the action. We catch and report
            // any eventual exceptions
            try {
                action.end(interpretationContext, tagName);
            } catch (ActionException ae) {
                // at this point endAction, there is no point in skipping children as
                // they have been already processed
                cai.addError("ActionException in Action for tag [" + tagName + "]", ae);
            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
                // no point in setting skip
                cai.addError("RuntimeException in Action for tag [" + tagName + "]", e);
            }
        }
    }

  最后,就会调用 RollingPolicy 的start()了,这里是 TimeBasedRollingPollicy .

    // ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy
    public void start() {
        // set the LR for our utility object
        renameUtil.setContext(this.context);

        // find out period from the filename pattern
        if (fileNamePatternStr != null) {
            fileNamePattern = new FileNamePattern(fileNamePatternStr, this.context);
            determineCompressionMode();
        } else {
            addWarn(FNP_NOT_SET);
            addWarn(CoreConstants.SEE_FNP_NOT_SET);
            throw new IllegalStateException(FNP_NOT_SET + CoreConstants.SEE_FNP_NOT_SET);
        }

        compressor = new Compressor(compressionMode);
        compressor.setContext(context);

        // wcs : without compression suffix
        fileNamePatternWithoutCompSuffix = new FileNamePattern(Compressor.computeFileNameStrWithoutCompSuffix(fileNamePatternStr, compressionMode), this.context);

        addInfo("Will use the pattern " + fileNamePatternWithoutCompSuffix + " for the active file");

        if (compressionMode == CompressionMode.ZIP) {
            String zipEntryFileNamePatternStr = transformFileNamePattern2ZipEntry(fileNamePatternStr);
            zipEntryFileNamePattern = new FileNamePattern(zipEntryFileNamePatternStr, context);
        }
        // 默认会使用 DefaultTimeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy 进行滚动
        if (timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy == null) {
            timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy = new DefaultTimeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy<E>();
        }
        timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy.setContext(context);
        timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy.setTimeBasedRollingPolicy(this);
        timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy.start();

        if (!timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy.isStarted()) {
            addWarn("Subcomponent did not start. TimeBasedRollingPolicy will not start.");
            return;
        }

        // the maxHistory property is given to TimeBasedRollingPolicy instead of to
        // the TimeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy. This makes it more convenient
        // for the user at the cost of inconsistency here.
        if (maxHistory != UNBOUND_HISTORY) {
            archiveRemover = timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy.getArchiveRemover();
            archiveRemover.setMaxHistory(maxHistory);
            archiveRemover.setTotalSizeCap(totalSizeCap.getSize());
            if (cleanHistoryOnStart) {
                addInfo("Cleaning on start up");
                Date now = new Date(timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy.getCurrentTime());
                cleanUpFuture = archiveRemover.cleanAsynchronously(now);
            }
        } else if (!isUnboundedTotalSizeCap()) {
            addWarn("'maxHistory' is not set, ignoring 'totalSizeCap' option with value ["+totalSizeCap+"]");
        }
        // 调用父类start(), 设置启动标识,不允许多次调用初始化
        super.start();
    }
    // DefaultTimeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy 的实现,设置类功能主要还是调用 TimeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy 的方法,而其自身,则是处理一些异常情况,以及开启一个 Remover, 供具体的实现调用
    @Override
    public void start() {
        super.start();
        if (!super.isErrorFree())
            return;
        if(tbrp.fileNamePattern.hasIntegerTokenCOnverter()) {
            addError("Filename pattern ["+tbrp.fileNamePattern+"] contains an integer token converter, i.e. %i, INCOMPATIBLE with this configuration. Remove it.");
            return;
        }
        
        archiveRemover = new TimeBasedArchiveRemover(tbrp.fileNamePattern, rc);
        archiveRemover.setContext(context);
        started = true;
    }
    // TimeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy, 则实际处理日志的滚动逻辑了
    public void start() {
        DateTokenConverter<Object> dtc = tbrp.fileNamePattern.getPrimaryDateTokenConverter();
        if (dtc == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("FileNamePattern [" + tbrp.fileNamePattern.getPattern() + "] does not contain a valid DateToken");
        }

        if (dtc.getTimeZone() != null) {
            rc = new RollingCalendar(dtc.getDatePattern(), dtc.getTimeZone(), Locale.getDefault());
        } else {
            rc = new RollingCalendar(dtc.getDatePattern());
        }
        addInfo("The date pattern is '" + dtc.getDatePattern() + "' from file name pattern '" + tbrp.fileNamePattern.getPattern() + "'.");
        rc.printPeriodicity(this);

        if (!rc.isCollisionFree()) {
            addError("The date format in FileNamePattern will result in collisions in the names of archived log files.");
            addError(CoreConstants.MORE_INFO_PREFIX + COLLIDING_DATE_FORMAT_URL);
            withErrors();
            return;
        }

        setDateInCurrentPeriod(new Date(getCurrentTime()));
        if (tbrp.getParentsRawFileProperty() != null) {
            File currentFile = new File(tbrp.getParentsRawFileProperty());
            if (currentFile.exists() && currentFile.canRead()) {
                setDateInCurrentPeriod(new Date(currentFile.lastModified()));
            }
        }
        addInfo("Setting initial period to " + dateInCurrentPeriod);
        computeNextCheck();
    }

  经过如上初始化动作之后,发现并没有启动相应的轮循线程,所以这个点也是超出简单的认知了,不管怎么样,我们还要继续的!我们先来看一下 RollingFileAppender 的 append() 逻辑吧,毕竟它才是log的接入口!

   // ch.qos.logback.core.ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender, 其接入口为: UnsynchronizedAppenderBase.doAppend()
   // ch.qos.logback.core.OutputStreamAppender
    @Override
    protected void append(E eventObject) {
        if (!isStarted()) {
            return;
        }
        // 调用 RollingFileAppender 实现
        subAppend(eventObject);
    }
   // ch.qos.logback.core.ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender
    @Override
    protected void subAppend(E event) {
        // The roll-over check must precede actual writing. This is the
        // only correct behavior for time driven triggers.

        // We need to synchronize on triggeringPolicy so that only one rollover
        // occurs at a time
        synchronized (triggeringPolicy) {
            if (triggeringPolicy.isTriggeringEvent(currentlyActiveFile, event)) {
                rollover();
            }
        }

        super.subAppend(event);
    }

  其中,rollover()就是其滚动逻辑!

  所以,看到了吧!这里的文件滚动,是依赖于外部写入的,原因是为了写入的线程安全,保证文件的完整性!

  换句话说就是,如果在滚动的这个时机,如果有外部写入,那么,文件得以滚动,否则,不会主动滚动文件!如果外部一直没日志写入,就不会存在日志滚动!

  我们先来看下滚动的条件吧: triggeringPolicy.isTriggeringEvent(currentlyActiveFile, event)

    // ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.DefaultTimeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy
    public boolean isTriggeringEvent(File activeFile, final E event) {
        long time = getCurrentTime();
        if (time >= nextCheck) {
            Date dateOfElapsedPeriod = dateInCurrentPeriod;
            addInfo("Elapsed period: " + dateOfElapsedPeriod);
            elapsedPeriodsFileName = tbrp.fileNamePatternWithoutCompSuffix.convert(dateOfElapsedPeriod);
            setDateInCurrentPeriod(time);
            computeNextCheck();
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

  如上判断,即将当前时间与需要滚动的时间做对,大于滚动时间则返回 true, 并计算出下次需要滚动的时间,备用!

接下来,我们看下,具体的文件滚动实现!两个主逻辑: 1. 将文件更名滚动; 2. 重新创建一个新的目标文件,以使后续可以写入!

    /**
     * Implemented by delegating most of the rollover work to a rolling policy.
     */
    public void rollover() {
        // 此处lock为 ReentrantLock, 即是互斥锁,只能一个线程可访问!
        lock.lock();
        try {
            // Note: This method needs to be synchronized because it needs exclusive
            // access while it closes and then re-opens the target file.
            //
            // make sure to close the hereto active log file! Renaming under windows
            // does not work for open files.
            this.closeOutputStream();
            attemptRollover();
            attemptOpenFile();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    // 滚动文件逻辑,调用设置的 policy 实现进行滚动,此处我设置的是 TimeBasedRollingPolicy
    private void attemptRollover() {
        try {
            rollingPolicy.rollover();
        } catch (RolloverFailure rf) {
            addWarn("RolloverFailure occurred. Deferring roll-over.");
            // we failed to roll-over, let us not truncate and risk data loss
            this.append = true;
        }
    }
    // ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy rollover
    public void rollover() throws RolloverFailure {

        // when rollover is called the elapsed period's file has
        // been already closed. This is a working assumption of this method.

        String elapsedPeriodsFileName = timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy.getElapsedPeriodsFileName();

        String elapsedPeriodStem = FileFilterUtil.afterLastSlash(elapsedPeriodsFileName);

        if (compressionMode == CompressionMode.NONE) {
            if (getParentsRawFileProperty() != null) {
                renameUtil.rename(getParentsRawFileProperty(), elapsedPeriodsFileName);
            } // else { nothing to do if CompressionMode == NONE and parentsRawFileProperty == null }
        } else {
            if (getParentsRawFileProperty() == null) {
                compressionFuture = compressor.asyncCompress(elapsedPeriodsFileName, elapsedPeriodsFileName, elapsedPeriodStem);
            } else {
                compressionFuture = renameRawAndAsyncCompress(elapsedPeriodsFileName, elapsedPeriodStem);
            }
        }

        if (archiveRemover != null) {
            Date now = new Date(timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy.getCurrentTime());
            this.cleanUpFuture = archiveRemover.cleanAsynchronously(now);
        }
    }

  TimeBasedRollingPolicy 的滚动方式为,重命名文件即可!即先获取外部设置的主写文件,然后根据新文件命名规则,生成一个新路径,然后重命名文件!重命名也是有些讲究的,有兴趣的同学可以查看下其重命名的实现!

 

    
    // ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.helper.RenameUtil
    /**
     * A relatively robust file renaming method which in case of failure due to
     * src and target being on different volumes, falls back onto
     * renaming by copying.
     *
     * @param src
     * @param target
     * @throws RolloverFailure
     */
    public void rename(String src, String target) throws RolloverFailure {
        if (src.equals(target)) {
            addWarn("Source and target files are the same [" + src + "]. Skipping.");
            return;
        }
        File srcFile = new File(src);

        if (srcFile.exists()) {
            // 如果目录不存在,会先去创建目录,所以你可以滚动到其他地方,而目录位置则不用管(权限除外)
            File targetFile = new File(target);
            createMissingTargetDirsIfNecessary(targetFile);

            addInfo("Renaming file [" + srcFile + "] to [" + targetFile + "]");

            boolean result = srcFile.renameTo(targetFile);

            // 对于直接重命名失败,则会再次尝试,如果在不同的分区,则会使用一次文件复制的方式进行一次重命名,具体做法是,先把文件copy到新地址,然后再将当前文件删除
            if (!result) {
                addWarn("Failed to rename file [" + srcFile + "] as [" + targetFile + "].");
                Boolean areOnDifferentVolumes = areOnDifferentVolumes(srcFile, targetFile);
                if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(areOnDifferentVolumes)) {
                    addWarn("Detected different file systems for source [" + src + "] and target [" + target + "]. Attempting rename by copying.");
                    renameByCopying(src, target);
                    return;
                } else {
                    addWarn("Please consider leaving the [file] option of " + RollingFileAppender.class.getSimpleName() + " empty.");
                    addWarn("See also " + RENAMING_ERROR_URL);
                }
            }
        } else {
            throw new RolloverFailure("File [" + src + "] does not exist.");
        }
    }

  在做完日志重命名的滚动后,还有一个可能的工作,就是删除过期的日志!这个工作由 archiveRemover 来做,即之前在 DefaultTimeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy 中创建的实例! 会调用其 archiveRemover.cleanAsynchronously(now);

    public Future<?> cleanAsynchronously(Date now) {
        ArhiveRemoverRunnable runnable = new ArhiveRemoverRunnable(now);
        ExecutorService executorService = context.getScheduledExecutorService();
        Future<?> future = executorService.submit(runnable);
        return future;
    }

  在做删除过期日志时,会先获取一个 ExecutorService, 进行异步删除, 而这个 ExecutorService 默认开启 8 常驻线程,进行日志处理!

  删除动作进行异步执行,从而避免影响业务执行!清理过程如下:

    public class ArhiveRemoverRunnable implements Runnable {
        Date now;

        ArhiveRemoverRunnable(Date now) {
            this.now = now;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            // 先清除当前文件,再根据设置的最大值,删除列表
            clean(now);
            if (totalSizeCap != UNBOUNDED_TOTAL_SIZE_CAP && totalSizeCap > 0) {
                capTotalSize(now);
            }
        }
    }
    public void clean(Date now) {
 
        long nowInMillis = now.getTime();
        // for a live appender periodsElapsed is expected to be 1
        int periodsElapsed = computeElapsedPeriodsSinceLastClean(nowInMillis);
        lastHeartBeat = nowInMillis;
        if (periodsElapsed > 1) {
            addInfo("Multiple periods, i.e. " + periodsElapsed + " periods, seem to have elapsed. This is expected at application start.");
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < periodsElapsed; i++) {
            // 此处会根据 maxHistory 进行 -1 后清除文件,即: 只会清理 periodsElapsed 次历史日志
            int offset = getPeriodOffsetForDeletionTarget() - i;
            Date dateOfPeriodToClean = rc.getEndOfNextNthPeriod(now, offset);
            cleanPeriod(dateOfPeriodToClean);
        }
    }
    public void cleanPeriod(Date dateOfPeriodToClean) {
        // 获取需要删除的文件列表,然后依次删除,如果文件夹内的文件全部被删除,则将文件夹删除
        File[] matchingFileArray = getFilesInPeriod(dateOfPeriodToClean);

        for (File f : matchingFileArray) {
            addInfo("deleting " + f);
            f.delete();
        }

        if (parentClean && matchingFileArray.length > 0) {
            File parentDir = getParentDir(matchingFileArray[0]);
            removeFolderIfEmpty(parentDir);
        }
    }
    // 按规则匹配需要删除的文件
    protected File[] getFilesInPeriod(Date dateOfPeriodToClean) {
        String filenameToDelete = fileNamePattern.convert(dateOfPeriodToClean);
        File file2Delete = new File(filenameToDelete);

        if (fileExistsAndIsFile(file2Delete)) {
            return new File[] { file2Delete };
        } else {
            return new File[0];
        }
    }
    // 清理历史文件逻辑,注意要想清理历史文件,就一定要设置好 totalSizeCap, 否则,不会进行自动清理!
    void capTotalSize(Date now) {
        long totalSize = 0;
        long totalRemoved = 0;
        for (int offset = 0; offset < maxHistory; offset++) {
            Date date = rc.getEndOfNextNthPeriod(now, -offset);
            File[] matchingFileArray = getFilesInPeriod(date);
            descendingSortByLastModified(matchingFileArray);
            for (File f : matchingFileArray) {
                long size = f.length();
                if (totalSize + size > totalSizeCap) {
                    addInfo("Deleting [" + f + "]" + " of size " + new FileSize(size));
                    totalRemoved += size;
                    f.delete();
                }
                totalSize += size;
            }
        }
        addInfo("Removed  " + new FileSize(totalRemoved) + " of files");
    }

  以上就是一个删除过期日志的逻辑,主要有几个点:

    1. 只会进行清理 maxHistory 个周期的日志,即只会倒推 n 个周期内的日志;
    2. 只会清理文件大小大于 totalSizeCap 大小以后的文件;(这个文件强依赖文件列表的排序,这里的排序是根据最后修改时间来排的)
    3. maxHistory 并非最大保留天数,不要相信坑货文档,它只是一个扫描周期而已,不过这个值在上一步清理时会处理一次!

还有个细节,咱们得再来看看:滚动时机,按天,按小时,按分钟?

    // 滚动时机判定
    // ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.helper.RollingCalendar
    public Date getEndOfNextNthPeriod(Date now, int periods) {
        return innerGetEndOfNextNthPeriod(this, this.periodicityType, now, periods);
    }
    static private Date innerGetEndOfNextNthPeriod(Calendar cal, PeriodicityType periodicityType, Date now, int numPeriods) {
        cal.setTime(now);
        switch (periodicityType) {
        case TOP_OF_MILLISECOND:
            cal.add(Calendar.MILLISECOND, numPeriods);
            break;

        case TOP_OF_SECOND:
            cal.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);
            cal.add(Calendar.SECOND, numPeriods);
            break;

        case TOP_OF_MINUTE:
            cal.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
            cal.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);
            cal.add(Calendar.MINUTE, numPeriods);
            break;

        case TOP_OF_HOUR:
            cal.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
            cal.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
            cal.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);
            cal.add(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, numPeriods);
            break;

        case TOP_OF_DAY:
            cal.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0);
            cal.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
            cal.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
            cal.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);
            cal.add(Calendar.DATE, numPeriods);
            break;

        case TOP_OF_WEEK:
            cal.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, cal.getFirstDayOfWeek());
            cal.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0);
            cal.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
            cal.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
            cal.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);
            cal.add(Calendar.WEEK_OF_YEAR, numPeriods);
            break;

        case TOP_OF_MONTH:
            cal.set(Calendar.DATE, 1);
            cal.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0);
            cal.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
            cal.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
            cal.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);
            cal.add(Calendar.MONTH, numPeriods);
            break;

        default:
            throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown periodicity type.");
        }

        return cal.getTime();
    }

  可以看到其滚动的粒度: TOP_OF_MILLISECOND/TOP_OF_SECOND/TOP_OF_MINUTE/TOP_OF_HOUR/TOP_OF_DAY/TOP_OF_WEEK/TOP_OF_MONTH, 要说起来,粒度还是很细的哦!至于能不能真的有用,另说了!

  总结下logback的滚动方式!

    1. 在写入的时机进行滚动时机检查,合适则进行滚动;
    2. 同步滚动操作,保证线程安全;
    3. 使用重命名的方式进行滚动文件处理,如果失败会尝试一次不同分区的文件复制操作;
    4. 删除过期日志有两个时机,一个是判断当前周期前 n 个周期文件,如果有则删除;
    5. 对于设置了最大文件大小限制时,另外进行允许周期内的文件大小判定,超过大小后按修改时间最早删除;
    6. 触发滚动时机后,进行异步删除,一般不影响业务;

第三方工具如: 经典版 cronolog, 时尚版 logrotate(麻烦)

  cronolog 是一个很古老的日志滚动工具了(应该已经不维护了)。它可以接收应用的输出日志,然后按照规则进行日志存储,比如按照年月日时分秒来保存文件!

  在网上其资料也已经不是很多了,很多人为了下载一个安装包也是绞尽脑汁啊!我也提供一个便捷安装包吧: 点此下载; 

  其 github 项目地址: https://github.com/fordmason/cronolog , 你完全可以自己去下载一个完全的包,自己安装!

  不过我还是要说一下其他两个安装方式:

    1. 直接使用 yum 源安装;(好像是要安装 epel 源) (推荐)

yum install cronolog -y

    2. 使用上面下载的包,直接解压即可

tar -zxvf cronolog-bin.tar.gz -C /

    3. 使用网上别人提供的源码安装

hehe...

  说了这么多,还不是为了使用,如何与应用结合?

  其实只需要在你原来应用启动的后面再加上如下命令就可以了!

$> | /usr/local/sbin/cronolog -S /var/logs/ai_ln.out /var/logs/ai.%Y-%m-%d-%H.out

  完整的操作示例如下:

exec nohup java -jar /www/aproj\.jar 2>&1 | /usr/local/sbin/cronolog -S /var/logs/ai_ln.out /var/logs/ai.%Y-%m-%d-%H.out >> /dev/null &

  如上命令是网上大部分人是这么写的,但是在某些情况下会有问题。比如我想远程启动这个服务的时候,就会一直拿不到结果!为啥?反正写成下面这个就完美了!即在 cronolog 之后,再加一个重定向输出 2>&1 。

exec nohup java -jar /www/aproj\.jar 2>&1 | /usr/local/sbin/cronolog -S /var/logs/ai_ln.out /var/logs/ai.%Y-%m-%d-%H.out >> /dev/null 2>&1 &

  那么,这个工具和应用自己输出日志相比,有什么好处吗?它是怎么实现的呢?

  好处前面已经说了,对代码无侵入,控制更灵活!

  其实现原理为,接收一个标准的输入流,然后写入到相应文件即可!它不负责文件的删除,所以删除过期文件还得依赖另外的脚本!

  其主体源码如下:

    
    /* Loop, waiting for data on standard input */
    for (;;)
    {
        /** 
         * Read a buffer's worth of log file data, exiting on errors
         * or end of file.
         */
        n_bytes_read = read(0, read_buf, sizeof read_buf);
        if (n_bytes_read == 0)
        {
            exit(3);
        }
        if (errno == EINTR)
        {
            continue;
        }
        else if (n_bytes_read < 0)
        {
            exit(4);
        }

        time_now = time(NULL) + time_offset;
        
        /**
         * If the current period has finished and there is a log file
         * open, close the log file
         */
        if ((time_now >= next_period) && (log_fd >= 0))
        {
            close(log_fd);
            log_fd = -1;
        }
        
        /** 
         * If there is no log file open then open a new one.
         */
        if (log_fd < 0)
        {
            log_fd = new_log_file(template, linkname, linktype, prevlinkname,
                      periodicity, period_multiple, period_delay,
                      filename, sizeof (filename), time_now, &next_period);
        }

        DEBUG(("%s (%d): wrote message; next period starts at %s (%d) in %d secs\n",
               timestamp(time_now), time_now, 
               timestamp(next_period), next_period,
               next_period - time_now));

        /**
         * Write out the log data to the current log file.
         */
        if (write(log_fd, read_buf, n_bytes_read) != n_bytes_read)
        {
            perror(filename);
            exit(5);
        }
    }

  大概操作就是:

    1. cronolog 进程开启后,会一直死循环,除非遇到错误如应用关闭等;
    2. 阻塞从标准输入读取信息,读取到后,再进行文件操作;
    3. 每次读取内容后判断是否到达需要新滚动的周期,如果到了,就把原来的文件close掉,并重新创建一个用于写的文件;
    4. 只管向打开的文件中写入缓冲内容即可;
    5. 所有读入数据是基于管道操作的,简单实用;

  看起来很简单啊!会不会有什么问题呢?应该不会吧,它可是经过时间考验的哦。越是简单的,往往越是可靠的!

  看着上面代码,有同学肯定要说了,这么简单的代码谁不会啊,自己顺手就来一个shell搞定。 且不论你的shell写得是否可靠,但是你基于 shell, 别人是基于c的,恐怕不是一个量级的哦!

  最后,还有个问题我们要处理下,那就是过期日志的清理问题?

  这个简单的脚本是不会给你做了,或者说我没有发现它有这功能;所以,只能自己写脚本清理了!一行代码搞定!

    # vim clean_log.sh
        find /var/logs/ai -mtime +8 -name "ai.*out" -exec rm -rf {} \;
    # 然后在 crontab 中加入执行时机即可,一般一天一次!
        0 0  * * * sh clean_log.sh

  搞定!

  

  以上,就是一些日志滚动的实现及原理解析了!是不是有一种豁然开朗的感觉?哈哈。。

  事情其实并没有想像中的难!

 

上一篇:计算过去的最近几个月


下一篇:java获取任意日期