上一篇文章，我们从框架层面，主要介绍了redis的启动过程，以及主要的命令处理流程逻辑。这些更多的都是些差不多的道理，而要细了解redis，则需要更细节的东西。
今天我们稍微内围的角度，来看看几个命令执行的重要方法，深入理解下redis的魅力所在。
首先，我们通过上一章知道，processCommand 是其业务主要入口,我们再来回顾下:
// server.c
/* If this function gets called we already read a whole
* command, arguments are in the client argv/argc fields.
* processCommand() execute the command or prepare the
* server for a bulk read from the client.
*
* If C_OK is returned the client is still alive and valid and
* other operations can be performed by the caller. Otherwise
* if C_ERR is returned the client was destroyed (i.e. after QUIT). */
int processCommand(client *c) {
/* The QUIT command is handled separately. Normal command procs will
* go through checking for replication and QUIT will cause trouble
* when FORCE_REPLICATION is enabled and would be implemented in
* a regular command proc. */
// 如果是 quit 命令，直接回复ok即可，由客户端主动关闭请求
if (!strcasecmp(c->argv[0]->ptr,"quit")) {
addReply(c,shared.ok);
c->flags |= CLIENT_CLOSE_AFTER_REPLY;
return C_ERR;
}
/* Now lookup the command and check ASAP about trivial error conditions
* such as wrong arity, bad command name and so forth. */
// 查找命令信息，根据第一个字符串进行查找，这个我们主要看看
c->cmd = c->lastcmd = lookupCommand(c->argv[0]->ptr);
// 验证命令查找是否找到，以及参数个数是否匹配，否则直接响应返回
if (!c->cmd) {
flagTransaction(c);
addReplyErrorFormat(c,"unknown command '%s'",
(char*)c->argv[0]->ptr);
return C_OK;
} else if ((c->cmd->arity > 0 && c->cmd->arity != c->argc) ||
(c->argc < -c->cmd->arity)) {
flagTransaction(c);
addReplyErrorFormat(c,"wrong number of arguments for '%s' command",
c->cmd->name);
return C_OK;
}
/* Check if the user is authenticated */
// 权限判定，只有先授权后，才能执行后续命令(auth 除外)
if (server.requirepass && !c->authenticated && c->cmd->proc != authCommand)
{
flagTransaction(c);
addReply(c,shared.noautherr);
return C_OK;
}
/* If cluster is enabled perform the cluster redirection here.
* However we don't perform the redirection if:
* 1) The sender of this command is our master.
* 2) The command has no key arguments. */
// 集群非master写请求转移
// 此处可见 flags 设计的重要性，代表了n多属性
if (server.cluster_enabled &&
!(c->flags & CLIENT_MASTER) &&
!(c->flags & CLIENT_LUA &&
server.lua_caller->flags & CLIENT_MASTER) &&
!(c->cmd->getkeys_proc == NULL && c->cmd->firstkey == 0))
{
int hashslot;
if (server.cluster->state != CLUSTER_OK) {
flagTransaction(c);
clusterRedirectClient(c,NULL,0,CLUSTER_REDIR_DOWN_STATE);
return C_OK;
} else {
int error_code;
clusterNode *n = getNodeByQuery(c,c->cmd,c->argv,c->argc,&hashslot,&error_code);
if (n == NULL || n != server.cluster->myself) {
flagTransaction(c);
clusterRedirectClient(c,n,hashslot,error_code);
return C_OK;
}
}
}
/* Handle the maxmemory directive.
*
* First we try to free some memory if possible (if there are volatile
* keys in the dataset). If there are not the only thing we can do
* is returning an error. */
// 最大内存检查，释放
if (server.maxmemory) {
int retval = freeMemoryIfNeeded();
/* freeMemoryIfNeeded may flush slave output buffers. This may result
* into a slave, that may be the active client, to be freed. */
if (server.current_client == NULL) return C_ERR;
/* It was impossible to free enough memory, and the command the client
* is trying to execute is denied during OOM conditions? Error. */
if ((c->cmd->flags & CMD_DENYOOM) && retval == C_ERR) {
flagTransaction(c);
addReply(c, shared.oomerr);
return C_OK;
}
}
/* Don't accept write commands if there are problems persisting on disk
* and if this is a master instance. */
// 持久化异常检测，不接受写操作，不接受 ping
if (((server.stop_writes_on_bgsave_err &&
server.saveparamslen > 0 &&
server.lastbgsave_status == C_ERR) ||
server.aof_last_write_status == C_ERR) &&
server.masterhost == NULL &&
(c->cmd->flags & CMD_WRITE ||
c->cmd->proc == pingCommand))
{
flagTransaction(c);
if (server.aof_last_write_status == C_OK)
addReply(c, shared.bgsaveerr);
else
addReplySds(c,
sdscatprintf(sdsempty(),
"-MISCONF Errors writing to the AOF file: %s\r\n",
strerror(server.aof_last_write_errno)));
return C_OK;
}
/* Don't accept write commands if there are not enough good slaves and
* user configured the min-slaves-to-write option. */
// slave 数量不够时，不接受写操作
if (server.masterhost == NULL &&
server.repl_min_slaves_to_write &&
server.repl_min_slaves_max_lag &&
c->cmd->flags & CMD_WRITE &&
server.repl_good_slaves_count < server.repl_min_slaves_to_write)
{
flagTransaction(c);
addReply(c, shared.noreplicaserr);
return C_OK;
}
/* Don't accept write commands if this is a read only slave. But
* accept write commands if this is our master. */
// 只读 slave 不接受写操作
if (server.masterhost && server.repl_slave_ro &&
!(c->flags & CLIENT_MASTER) &&
c->cmd->flags & CMD_WRITE)
{
addReply(c, shared.roslaveerr);
return C_OK;
}
/* Only allow SUBSCRIBE and UNSUBSCRIBE in the context of Pub/Sub */
// pub/sub 模式仅接受极少数命令
if (c->flags & CLIENT_PUBSUB &&
c->cmd->proc != pingCommand &&
c->cmd->proc != subscribeCommand &&
c->cmd->proc != unsubscribeCommand &&
c->cmd->proc != psubscribeCommand &&
c->cmd->proc != punsubscribeCommand) {
addReplyError(c,"only (P)SUBSCRIBE / (P)UNSUBSCRIBE / PING / QUIT allowed in this context");
return C_OK;
}
/* Only allow INFO and SLAVEOF when slave-serve-stale-data is no and
* we are a slave with a broken link with master. */
// 复制连接超时，slave-serve-stale-data: on 时可以处理请求
if (server.masterhost && server.repl_state != REPL_STATE_CONNECTED &&
server.repl_serve_stale_data == 0 &&
!(c->cmd->flags & CMD_STALE))
{
flagTransaction(c);
addReply(c, shared.masterdownerr);
return C_OK;
}
/* Loading DB? Return an error if the command has not the
* CMD_LOADING flag. */
// db 还在加载中，不接受任何请求
if (server.loading && !(c->cmd->flags & CMD_LOADING)) {
addReply(c, shared.loadingerr);
return C_OK;
}
/* Lua script too slow? Only allow a limited number of commands. */
// lua 脚本执行缓慢时，仅接受少数命令
if (server.lua_timedout &&
c->cmd->proc != authCommand &&
c->cmd->proc != replconfCommand &&
!(c->cmd->proc == shutdownCommand &&
c->argc == 2 &&
tolower(((char*)c->argv[1]->ptr)[0]) == 'n') &&
!(c->cmd->proc == scriptCommand &&
c->argc == 2 &&
tolower(((char*)c->argv[1]->ptr)[0]) == 'k'))
{
flagTransaction(c);
addReply(c, shared.slowscripterr);
return C_OK;
}
/* Exec the command */
if (c->flags & CLIENT_MULTI &&
c->cmd->proc != execCommand && c->cmd->proc != discardCommand &&
c->cmd->proc != multiCommand && c->cmd->proc != watchCommand)
{
// 事务型命令，将命令入队
queueMultiCommand(c);
addReply(c,shared.queued);
} else {
// 非事务性命令，直接处理请求
call(c,CMD_CALL_FULL);
c->woff = server.master_repl_offset;
// 如果有待处理事件，继续处理
if (listLength(server.ready_keys))
handleClientsBlockedOnLists();
}
return C_OK;
}
零、redis中的几个关键数据结构
1. redisServer
redisServer 是redis中最大的全局变量，负责保存客户端，配置信息，db 等等各种重要信息。各函数之间通信，也是隐藏的使用 redisServer 进行通信。它的定义是在 server.h 中，而 实例化则是在 server.c 中。
struct redisServer {
/* General */
pid_t pid; /* Main process pid. */
char *configfile; /* Absolute config file path, or NULL */
char *executable; /* Absolute executable file path. */
char **exec_argv; /* Executable argv vector (copy). */
int hz; /* serverCron() calls frequency in hertz */
redisDb *db;
dict *commands; /* Command table */
dict *orig_commands; /* Command table before command renaming. */
aeEventLoop *el;
unsigned lruclock:LRU_BITS; /* Clock for LRU eviction */
int shutdown_asap; /* SHUTDOWN needed ASAP */
int activerehashing; /* Incremental rehash in serverCron() */
char *requirepass; /* Pass for AUTH command, or NULL */
char *pidfile; /* PID file path */
int arch_bits; /* 32 or 64 depending on sizeof(long) */
int cronloops; /* Number of times the cron function run */
char runid[CONFIG_RUN_ID_SIZE+1]; /* ID always different at every exec. */
int sentinel_mode; /* True if this instance is a Sentinel. */
/* Networking */
int port; /* TCP listening port */
int tcp_backlog; /* TCP listen() backlog */
char *bindaddr[CONFIG_BINDADDR_MAX]; /* Addresses we should bind to */
int bindaddr_count; /* Number of addresses in server.bindaddr[] */
char *unixsocket; /* UNIX socket path */
mode_t unixsocketperm; /* UNIX socket permission */
int ipfd[CONFIG_BINDADDR_MAX]; /* TCP socket file descriptors */
int ipfd_count; /* Used slots in ipfd[] */
int sofd; /* Unix socket file descriptor */
int cfd[CONFIG_BINDADDR_MAX];/* Cluster bus listening socket */
int cfd_count; /* Used slots in cfd[] */
list *clients; /* List of active clients */
list *clients_to_close; /* Clients to close asynchronously */
list *clients_pending_write; /* There is to write or install handler. */
list *slaves, *monitors; /* List of slaves and MONITORs */
client *current_client; /* Current client, only used on crash report */
int clients_paused; /* True if clients are currently paused */
mstime_t clients_pause_end_time; /* Time when we undo clients_paused */
char neterr[ANET_ERR_LEN]; /* Error buffer for anet.c */
dict *migrate_cached_sockets;/* MIGRATE cached sockets */
uint64_t next_client_id; /* Next client unique ID. Incremental. */
int protected_mode; /* Don't accept external connections. */
/* RDB / AOF loading information */
int loading; /* We are loading data from disk if true */
off_t loading_total_bytes;
off_t loading_loaded_bytes;
time_t loading_start_time;
off_t loading_process_events_interval_bytes;
/* Fast pointers to often looked up command */
struct redisCommand *delCommand, *multiCommand, *lpushCommand, *lpopCommand,
*rpopCommand, *sremCommand, *execCommand;
/* Fields used only for stats */
time_t stat_starttime; /* Server start time */
long long stat_numcommands; /* Number of processed commands */
long long stat_numconnections; /* Number of connections received */
long long stat_expiredkeys; /* Number of expired keys */
long long stat_evictedkeys; /* Number of evicted keys (maxmemory) */
long long stat_keyspace_hits; /* Number of successful lookups of keys */
long long stat_keyspace_misses; /* Number of failed lookups of keys */
size_t stat_peak_memory; /* Max used memory record */
long long stat_fork_time; /* Time needed to perform latest fork() */
double stat_fork_rate; /* Fork rate in GB/sec. */
long long stat_rejected_conn; /* Clients rejected because of maxclients */
long long stat_sync_full; /* Number of full resyncs with slaves. */
long long stat_sync_partial_ok; /* Number of accepted PSYNC requests. */
long long stat_sync_partial_err;/* Number of unaccepted PSYNC requests. */
list *slowlog; /* SLOWLOG list of commands */
long long slowlog_entry_id; /* SLOWLOG current entry ID */
long long slowlog_log_slower_than; /* SLOWLOG time limit (to get logged) */
unsigned long slowlog_max_len; /* SLOWLOG max number of items logged */
size_t resident_set_size; /* RSS sampled in serverCron(). */
long long stat_net_input_bytes; /* Bytes read from network. */
long long stat_net_output_bytes; /* Bytes written to network. */
/* The following two are used to track instantaneous metrics, like
* number of operations per second, network traffic. */
struct {
long long last_sample_time; /* Timestamp of last sample in ms */
long long last_sample_count;/* Count in last sample */
long long samples[STATS_METRIC_SAMPLES];
int idx;
} inst_metric[STATS_METRIC_COUNT];
/* Configuration */
int verbosity; /* Loglevel in redis.conf */
int maxidletime; /* Client timeout in seconds */
int tcpkeepalive; /* Set SO_KEEPALIVE if non-zero. */
int active_expire_enabled; /* Can be disabled for testing purposes. */
size_t client_max_querybuf_len; /* Limit for client query buffer length */
int dbnum; /* Total number of configured DBs */
int supervised; /* 1 if supervised, 0 otherwise. */
int supervised_mode; /* See SUPERVISED_* */
int daemonize; /* True if running as a daemon */
clientBufferLimitsConfig client_obuf_limits[CLIENT_TYPE_OBUF_COUNT];
/* AOF persistence */
int aof_state; /* AOF_(ON|OFF|WAIT_REWRITE) */
int aof_fsync; /* Kind of fsync() policy */
char *aof_filename; /* Name of the AOF file */
int aof_no_fsync_on_rewrite; /* Don't fsync if a rewrite is in prog. */
int aof_rewrite_perc; /* Rewrite AOF if % growth is > M and... */
off_t aof_rewrite_min_size; /* the AOF file is at least N bytes. */
off_t aof_rewrite_base_size; /* AOF size on latest startup or rewrite. */
off_t aof_current_size; /* AOF current size. */
int aof_rewrite_scheduled; /* Rewrite once BGSAVE terminates. */
pid_t aof_child_pid; /* PID if rewriting process */
list *aof_rewrite_buf_blocks; /* Hold changes during an AOF rewrite. */
sds aof_buf; /* AOF buffer, written before entering the event loop */
int aof_fd; /* File descriptor of currently selected AOF file */
int aof_selected_db; /* Currently selected DB in AOF */
time_t aof_flush_postponed_start; /* UNIX time of postponed AOF flush */
time_t aof_last_fsync; /* UNIX time of last fsync() */
time_t aof_rewrite_time_last; /* Time used by last AOF rewrite run. */
time_t aof_rewrite_time_start; /* Current AOF rewrite start time. */
int aof_lastbgrewrite_status; /* C_OK or C_ERR */
unsigned long aof_delayed_fsync; /* delayed AOF fsync() counter */
int aof_rewrite_incremental_fsync;/* fsync incrementally while rewriting? */
int aof_last_write_status; /* C_OK or C_ERR */
int aof_last_write_errno; /* Valid if aof_last_write_status is ERR */
int aof_load_truncated; /* Don't stop on unexpected AOF EOF. */
/* AOF pipes used to communicate between parent and child during rewrite. */
int aof_pipe_write_data_to_child;
int aof_pipe_read_data_from_parent;
int aof_pipe_write_ack_to_parent;
int aof_pipe_read_ack_from_child;
int aof_pipe_write_ack_to_child;
int aof_pipe_read_ack_from_parent;
int aof_stop_sending_diff; /* If true stop sending accumulated diffs
to child process. */
sds aof_child_diff; /* AOF diff accumulator child side. */
/* RDB persistence */
long long dirty; /* Changes to DB from the last save */
long long dirty_before_bgsave; /* Used to restore dirty on failed BGSAVE */
pid_t rdb_child_pid; /* PID of RDB saving child */
struct saveparam *saveparams; /* Save points array for RDB */
int saveparamslen; /* Number of saving points */
char *rdb_filename; /* Name of RDB file */
int rdb_compression; /* Use compression in RDB? */
int rdb_checksum; /* Use RDB checksum? */
time_t lastsave; /* Unix time of last successful save */
time_t lastbgsave_try; /* Unix time of last attempted bgsave */
time_t rdb_save_time_last; /* Time used by last RDB save run. */
time_t rdb_save_time_start; /* Current RDB save start time. */
int rdb_child_type; /* Type of save by active child. */
int lastbgsave_status; /* C_OK or C_ERR */
int stop_writes_on_bgsave_err; /* Don't allow writes if can't BGSAVE */
int rdb_pipe_write_result_to_parent; /* RDB pipes used to return the state */
int rdb_pipe_read_result_from_child; /* of each slave in diskless SYNC. */
/* Propagation of commands in AOF / replication */
redisOpArray also_propagate; /* Additional command to propagate. */
/* Logging */
char *logfile; /* Path of log file */
int syslog_enabled; /* Is syslog enabled? */
char *syslog_ident; /* Syslog ident */
int syslog_facility; /* Syslog facility */
/* Replication (master) */
int slaveseldb; /* Last SELECTed DB in replication output */
long long master_repl_offset; /* Global replication offset */
int repl_ping_slave_period; /* Master pings the slave every N seconds */
char *repl_backlog; /* Replication backlog for partial syncs */
long long repl_backlog_size; /* Backlog circular buffer size */
long long repl_backlog_histlen; /* Backlog actual data length */
long long repl_backlog_idx; /* Backlog circular buffer current offset */
long long repl_backlog_off; /* Replication offset of first byte in the
backlog buffer. */
time_t repl_backlog_time_limit; /* Time without slaves after the backlog
gets released. */
time_t repl_no_slaves_since; /* We have no slaves since that time.
Only valid if server.slaves len is 0. */
int repl_min_slaves_to_write; /* Min number of slaves to write. */
int repl_min_slaves_max_lag; /* Max lag of <count> slaves to write. */
int repl_good_slaves_count; /* Number of slaves with lag <= max_lag. */
int repl_diskless_sync; /* Send RDB to slaves sockets directly. */
int repl_diskless_sync_delay; /* Delay to start a diskless repl BGSAVE. */
/* Replication (slave) */
char *masterauth; /* AUTH with this password with master */
char *masterhost; /* Hostname of master */
int masterport; /* Port of master */
int repl_timeout; /* Timeout after N seconds of master idle */
client *master; /* Client that is master for this slave */
client *cached_master; /* Cached master to be reused for PSYNC. */
int repl_syncio_timeout; /* Timeout for synchronous I/O calls */
int repl_state; /* Replication status if the instance is a slave */
off_t repl_transfer_size; /* Size of RDB to read from master during sync. */
off_t repl_transfer_read; /* Amount of RDB read from master during sync. */
off_t repl_transfer_last_fsync_off; /* Offset when we fsync-ed last time. */
int repl_transfer_s; /* Slave -> Master SYNC socket */
int repl_transfer_fd; /* Slave -> Master SYNC temp file descriptor */
char *repl_transfer_tmpfile; /* Slave-> master SYNC temp file name */
time_t repl_transfer_lastio; /* Unix time of the latest read, for timeout */
int repl_serve_stale_data; /* Serve stale data when link is down? */
int repl_slave_ro; /* Slave is read only? */
time_t repl_down_since; /* Unix time at which link with master went down */
int repl_disable_tcp_nodelay; /* Disable TCP_NODELAY after SYNC? */
int slave_priority; /* Reported in INFO and used by Sentinel. */
char repl_master_runid[CONFIG_RUN_ID_SIZE+1]; /* Master run id for PSYNC. */
long long repl_master_initial_offset; /* Master PSYNC offset. */
int repl_slave_lazy_flush; /* Lazy FLUSHALL before loading DB? */
/* Replication script cache. */
dict *repl_scriptcache_dict; /* SHA1 all slaves are aware of. */
list *repl_scriptcache_fifo; /* First in, first out LRU eviction. */
unsigned int repl_scriptcache_size; /* Max number of elements. */
/* Synchronous replication. */
list *clients_waiting_acks; /* Clients waiting in WAIT command. */
int get_ack_from_slaves; /* If true we send REPLCONF GETACK. */
/* Limits */
unsigned int maxclients; /* Max number of simultaneous clients */
unsigned long long maxmemory; /* Max number of memory bytes to use */
int maxmemory_policy; /* Policy for key eviction */
int maxmemory_samples; /* Pricision of random sampling */
/* Blocked clients */
unsigned int bpop_blocked_clients; /* Number of clients blocked by lists */
list *unblocked_clients; /* list of clients to unblock before next loop */
list *ready_keys; /* List of readyList structures for BLPOP & co */
/* Sort parameters - qsort_r() is only available under BSD so we
* have to take this state global, in order to pass it to sortCompare() */
int sort_desc;
int sort_alpha;
int sort_bypattern;
int sort_store;
/* Zip structure config, see redis.conf for more information */
size_t hash_max_ziplist_entries;
size_t hash_max_ziplist_value;
size_t set_max_intset_entries;
size_t zset_max_ziplist_entries;
size_t zset_max_ziplist_value;
size_t hll_sparse_max_bytes;
/* List parameters */
int list_max_ziplist_size;
int list_compress_depth;
/* time cache */
time_t unixtime; /* Unix time sampled every cron cycle. */
long long mstime; /* Like 'unixtime' but with milliseconds resolution. */
/* Pubsub */
dict *pubsub_channels; /* Map channels to list of subscribed clients */
list *pubsub_patterns; /* A list of pubsub_patterns */
int notify_keyspace_events; /* Events to propagate via Pub/Sub. This is an
xor of NOTIFY_... flags. */
/* Cluster */
int cluster_enabled; /* Is cluster enabled? */
mstime_t cluster_node_timeout; /* Cluster node timeout. */
char *cluster_configfile; /* Cluster auto-generated config file name. */
struct clusterState *cluster; /* State of the cluster */
int cluster_migration_barrier; /* Cluster replicas migration barrier. */
int cluster_slave_validity_factor; /* Slave max data age for failover. */
int cluster_require_full_coverage; /* If true, put the cluster down if
there is at least an uncovered slot.*/
char *cluster_announce_ip; /* IP address to announce on cluster bus. */
int cluster_announce_port; /* base port to announce on cluster bus. */
int cluster_announce_bus_port; /* bus port to announce on cluster bus. */
/* Scripting */
lua_State *lua; /* The Lua interpreter. We use just one for all clients */
client *lua_client; /* The "fake client" to query Redis from Lua */
client *lua_caller; /* The client running EVAL right now, or NULL */
dict *lua_scripts; /* A dictionary of SHA1 -> Lua scripts */
mstime_t lua_time_limit; /* Script timeout in milliseconds */
mstime_t lua_time_start; /* Start time of script, milliseconds time */
int lua_write_dirty; /* True if a write command was called during the
execution of the current script. */
int lua_random_dirty; /* True if a random command was called during the
execution of the current script. */
int lua_replicate_commands; /* True if we are doing single commands repl. */
int lua_multi_emitted;/* True if we already proagated MULTI. */
int lua_repl; /* Script replication flags for redis.set_repl(). */
int lua_timedout; /* True if we reached the time limit for script
execution. */
int lua_kill; /* Kill the script if true. */
int lua_always_replicate_commands; /* Default replication type. */
/* Lazy free */
int lazyfree_lazy_eviction;
int lazyfree_lazy_expire;
int lazyfree_lazy_server_del;
/* Latency monitor */
long long latency_monitor_threshold;
dict *latency_events;
/* Assert & bug reporting */
char *assert_failed;
char *assert_file;
int assert_line;
int bug_report_start; /* True if bug report header was already logged. */
int watchdog_period; /* Software watchdog period in ms. 0 = off */
/* System hardware info */
size_t system_memory_size; /* Total memory in system as reported by OS */
};
// server.c, 实例化 server
struct redisServer server; /* server global state */
2. redisObject
java有万事万物皆对象的说法，而redis中也可以用 一切皆 redisObject 来描述，可以说是最通用的redis数据结构。
typedef struct redisObject {
// 类型, 4个字节
unsigned type:4;
// 编码, 4个字节
unsigned encoding:4;
// lru 时间, 24字节
unsigned lru:LRU_BITS; /* lru time (relative to server.lruclock) */
// 引用计数, 当引用为0时，意味着无用了
int refcount;
// 数据指针，存储任意数据
void *ptr;
} robj;
3. redisDb
redisDb 是redis作为数据库的主要存储模型，承载了所有的业务数据存储。单从这点来说，要实现一个数据库貌似很简单，但实际却是很难。
typedef struct redisDb {
// 一个数据库，就是一个kv字典，查找出 k 后，才能确定其数据类型 如 string, hash, list, set, zset
dict *dict; /* The keyspace for this DB */
// 过期数据队列
dict *expires; /* Timeout of keys with a timeout set */
dict *blocking_keys; /* Keys with clients waiting for data (BLPOP) */
dict *ready_keys; /* Blocked keys that received a PUSH */
dict *watched_keys; /* WATCHED keys for MULTI/EXEC CAS */
struct evictionPoolEntry *eviction_pool; /* Eviction pool of keys */
// 数据库号, 默认是 16, 如果想支持更多数据库号，改这个值就可以了
int id; /* Database ID */
long long avg_ttl; /* Average TTL, just for stats */
} redisDb;
4. client
每一个客户端连接，就是一个 client 实例，其中包含许多全局引用信息。比如解析完客户端请求之后，会把参数，数据库指针都放到 client 中。
typedef struct client {
uint64_t id; /* Client incremental unique ID. */
// socket fd
int fd; /* Client socket. */
// 用户目前使用的db，所有的操作都是针对这个db的操作
redisDb *db; /* Pointer to currently SELECTed DB. */
int dictid; /* ID of the currently SELECTed DB. */
robj *name; /* As set by CLIENT SETNAME. */
// 用户请求相关参数放置
sds querybuf; /* Buffer we use to accumulate client queries. */
size_t querybuf_peak; /* Recent (100ms or more) peak of querybuf size. */
int argc; /* Num of arguments of current command. */
robj **argv; /* Arguments of current command. */
// 当前命令和上一个命令指针
struct redisCommand *cmd, *lastcmd; /* Last command executed. */
int reqtype; /* Request protocol type: PROTO_REQ_* */
int multibulklen; /* Number of multi bulk arguments left to read. */
long bulklen; /* Length of bulk argument in multi bulk request. */
list *reply; /* List of reply objects to send to the client. */
unsigned long long reply_bytes; /* Tot bytes of objects in reply list. */
size_t sentlen; /* Amount of bytes already sent in the current
buffer or object being sent. */
time_t ctime; /* Client creation time. */
time_t lastinteraction; /* Time of the last interaction, used for timeout */
time_t obuf_soft_limit_reached_time;
int flags; /* Client flags: CLIENT_* macros. */
// 是否已授权
int authenticated; /* When requirepass is non-NULL. */
// 复制相关
int replstate; /* Replication state if this is a slave. */
int repl_put_online_on_ack; /* Install slave write handler on ACK. */
int repldbfd; /* Replication DB file descriptor. */
off_t repldboff; /* Replication DB file offset. */
off_t repldbsize; /* Replication DB file size. */
sds replpreamble; /* Replication DB preamble. */
long long reploff; /* Replication offset if this is our master. */
long long repl_ack_off; /* Replication ack offset, if this is a slave. */
long long repl_ack_time;/* Replication ack time, if this is a slave. */
long long psync_initial_offset; /* FULLRESYNC reply offset other slaves
copying this slave output buffer
should use. */
char replrunid[CONFIG_RUN_ID_SIZE+1]; /* Master run id if is a master. */
int slave_listening_port; /* As configured with: SLAVECONF listening-port */
int slave_capa; /* Slave capabilities: SLAVE_CAPA_* bitwise OR. */
multiState mstate; /* MULTI/EXEC state */
int btype; /* Type of blocking op if CLIENT_BLOCKED. */
blockingState bpop; /* blocking state */
long long woff; /* Last write global replication offset. */
list *watched_keys; /* Keys WATCHED for MULTI/EXEC CAS */
dict *pubsub_channels; /* channels a client is interested in (SUBSCRIBE) */
list *pubsub_patterns; /* patterns a client is interested in (SUBSCRIBE) */
sds peerid; /* Cached peer ID. */
/* Response buffer */
int bufpos;
char buf[PROTO_REPLY_CHUNK_BYTES];
} client;
一、命令查找 dict
当一个请求发到redis服务器后，我们将其数据解析出来，自然先要明白命令是哪个，然后才知道如何处理它。我们看一下，redis是如何查找具体的处理命令的？
// server.c, 其实无非就是一个 map 的形式查找而已
struct redisCommand *lookupCommand(sds name) {
// 直接基于 server.commands 查询， server.commands 是在启动的时候初始化好的
return dictFetchValue(server.commands, name);
}
// dict.c , 查找字典, 返回任意类型的地址
void *dictFetchValue(dict *d, const void *key) {
dictEntry *he;
// 找到 dict 后，直接取其 value 即可，否则返回 NULL
he = dictFind(d,key);
return he ? dictGetVal(he) : NULL;
}
// dict.c, 查找字典 entry, 也就是 hashmap 那一套东西了
dictEntry *dictFind(dict *d, const void *key)
{
dictEntry *he;
unsigned int h, idx, table;
if (d->ht[0].size == 0) return NULL; /* We don't have a table at all */
// 如果正在进行 rehash 缩扩容, 则进行再检查
if (dictIsRehashing(d)) _dictRehashStep(d);
h = dictHashKey(d, key);
// 最大查找 ht的2个表，如果进行 rehash 的话，否则只遍历一次
for (table = 0; table <= 1; table++) {
idx = h & d->ht[table].sizemask;
he = d->ht[table].table[idx];
while(he) {
// 找到对应元素，则返回，否则链表查询
if (dictCompareKeys(d, key, he->key))
return he;
he = he->next;
}
// 如果没有进行rehash, 那么应当是一遍历就可以拿到结果或者拿不到
if (!dictIsRehashing(d)) return NULL;
}
return NULL;
}
// dict.h, 只有 rehashidx=-1 才表示在进行 rehash, rehashidx 表示正在进行的rehash 的元素数
#define dictIsRehashing(d) ((d)->rehashidx != -1)
// dict.c, 内部rehash
/* This function performs just a step of rehashing, and only if there are
* no safe iterators bound to our hash table. When we have iterators in the
* middle of a rehashing we can't mess with the two hash tables otherwise
* some element can be missed or duplicated.
*
* This function is called by common lookup or update operations in the
* dictionary so that the hash table automatically migrates from H1 to H2
* while it is actively used. */
static void _dictRehashStep(dict *d) {
// 只会进行一次rehash 操作，不会用时很久
if (d->iterators == 0) dictRehash(d,1);
}
// dict.c
/* Performs N steps of incremental rehashing. Returns 1 if there are still
* keys to move from the old to the new hash table, otherwise 0 is returned.
*
* Note that a rehashing step consists in moving a bucket (that may have more
* than one key as we use chaining) from the old to the new hash table, however
* since part of the hash table may be composed of empty spaces, it is not
* guaranteed that this function will rehash even a single bucket, since it
* will visit at max N*10 empty buckets in total, otherwise the amount of
* work it does would be unbound and the function may block for a long time. */
int dictRehash(dict *d, int n) {
// 最大只会访问 n*10 个元素，避免长时间hash导致暂停
int empty_visits = n*10; /* Max number of empty buckets to visit. */
if (!dictIsRehashing(d)) return 0;
// rehash 并不是一次性完成的，而是遇到 used=0, 则退出了
while(n-- && d->ht[0].used != 0) {
dictEntry *de, *nextde;
/* Note that rehashidx can't overflow as we are sure there are more
* elements because ht[0].used != 0 */
assert(d->ht[0].size > (unsigned long)d->rehashidx);
// 从上次 rehash 的地方开始进行, 如果中间的值都是空的，则本次不再进行深度rehash了
while(d->ht[0].table[d->rehashidx] == NULL) {
d->rehashidx++;
if (--empty_visits == 0) return 1;
}
de = d->ht[0].table[d->rehashidx];
/* Move all the keys in this bucket from the old to the new hash HT */
// 针对找到的需要 rehash 的元素，做转移
while(de) {
unsigned int h;
nextde = de->next;
/* Get the index in the new hash table */
h = dictHashKey(d, de->key) & d->ht[1].sizemask;
// 解决冲突问题，与原有slot元素链接
de->next = d->ht[1].table[h];
d->ht[1].table[h] = de;
d->ht[0].used--;
d->ht[1].used++;
de = nextde;
}
d->ht[0].table[d->rehashidx] = NULL;
// rehashidx++, 表示正在进行的rehash
d->rehashidx++;
}
/* Check if we already rehashed the whole table... */
if (d->ht[0].used == 0) {
zfree(d->ht[0].table);
// rehash 完所有元素后，直接交换 ht 0/1
d->ht[0] = d->ht[1];
_dictReset(&d->ht[1]);
d->rehashidx = -1;
return 0;
}
/* More to rehash... */
// 返回1代表还需要进行rehash
return 1;
}
综上，可以看出一个 命令的查找过程，其实就是一个hash字典的查找过程。做的比较特别的优化是，进行rehash时，只做部分rehash,将停顿时间最大可能减小。使用 两个hash表进行互相替换，来保证数据的完整性。
hash表是个很有用的数据结构，上面是对对于命令的查找使用，但是对于后面的 kv 的查找，同样可以使用 dict 这种结构，所以后续对其他命令的解析时，只需注意其特有的处理方式即可。
二、溯源: 命令的添加
要想实现如上的查找，我们有必要了解下其是在何时添加的。下面，我们来看看，这些命令是如何写入到 server.commands 中的。
// server.c, 在进行配置初始化 initServerConfig() 时，添加命令集到 server.commands
/* Populates the Redis Command Table starting from the hard coded list
* we have on top of redis.c file. */
void populateCommandTable(void) {
int j;
int numcommands = sizeof(redisCommandTable)/sizeof(struct redisCommand);
for (j = 0; j < numcommands; j++) {
// 通过在文件开头定义的一个数组，将命令集加入
struct redisCommand *c = redisCommandTable+j;
char *f = c->sflags;
int retval1, retval2;
// 转换 flags 到 command 中，用一个位表示一个 flag 标识
while(*f != '\0') {
switch(*f) {
case 'w': c->flags |= CMD_WRITE; break;
case 'r': c->flags |= CMD_READONLY; break;
case 'm': c->flags |= CMD_DENYOOM; break;
case 'a': c->flags |= CMD_ADMIN; break;
case 'p': c->flags |= CMD_PUBSUB; break;
case 's': c->flags |= CMD_NOSCRIPT; break;
case 'R': c->flags |= CMD_RANDOM; break;
case 'S': c->flags |= CMD_SORT_FOR_SCRIPT; break;
case 'l': c->flags |= CMD_LOADING; break;
case 't': c->flags |= CMD_STALE; break;
case 'M': c->flags |= CMD_SKIP_MONITOR; break;
case 'k': c->flags |= CMD_ASKING; break;
case 'F': c->flags |= CMD_FAST; break;
default: serverPanic("Unsupported command flag"); break;
}
f++;
}
// 添加 command 到 server.commands 中，不外乎就是 hash, rehash...
retval1 = dictAdd(server.commands, sdsnew(c->name), c);
/* Populate an additional dictionary that will be unaffected
* by rename-command statements in redis.conf. */
retval2 = dictAdd(server.orig_commands, sdsnew(c->name), c);
serverAssert(retval1 == DICT_OK && retval2 == DICT_OK);
}
}
// dict.c, 字典数据的添加，其实已经超过前面理解的范围
/* Add an element to the target hash table */
int dictAdd(dict *d, void *key, void *val)
{
dictEntry *entry = dictAddRaw(d,key);
if (!entry) return DICT_ERR;
// 设置value到 entry 上
dictSetVal(d, entry, val);
return DICT_OK;
}
// 不过既然都到这里了，我们索性把dict的添加过程也给了解了吧，省得后面再花时间
// dict.c, 将 key 添加到 dict 中，并返回 dictEntry 添加的实例
/* Low level add. This function adds the entry but instead of setting
* a value returns the dictEntry structure to the user, that will make
* sure to fill the value field as he wishes.
*
* This function is also directly exposed to the user API to be called
* mainly in order to store non-pointers inside the hash value, example:
*
* entry = dictAddRaw(dict,mykey);
* if (entry != NULL) dictSetSignedIntegerVal(entry,1000);
*
* Return values:
*
* If key already exists NULL is returned.
* If key was added, the hash entry is returned to be manipulated by the caller.
*/
dictEntry *dictAddRaw(dict *d, void *key)
{
int index;
dictEntry *entry;
dictht *ht;
// 和 dictFetchValue 一样，先检查 rehash 情况
if (dictIsRehashing(d)) _dictRehashStep(d);
/* Get the index of the new element, or -1 if
* the element already exists. */
// 如果元素已经存在，则返回 -1，否则走后续添加流程
// 其含义是 元素只允许新增，不允许修改
if ((index = _dictKeyIndex(d, key)) == -1)
return NULL;
/* Allocate the memory and store the new entry.
* Insert the element in top, with the assumption that in a database
* system it is more likely that recently added entries are accessed
* more frequently. */
ht = dictIsRehashing(d) ? &d->ht[1] : &d->ht[0];
// 以链表形式保存数据
entry = zmalloc(sizeof(*entry));
entry->next = ht->table[index];
ht->table[index] = entry;
ht->used++;
/* Set the hash entry fields. */
// 将新组织的 entry 设置值到key上， 小技巧 do {} while(0); 的应用
dictSetKey(d, entry, key);
return entry;
}
// dict.c, 获取元素所在的数组下标
/* Returns the index of a free slot that can be populated with
* a hash entry for the given 'key'.
* If the key already exists, -1 is returned.
*
* Note that if we are in the process of rehashing the hash table, the
* index is always returned in the context of the second (new) hash table. */
static int _dictKeyIndex(dict *d, const void *key)
{
unsigned int h, idx, table;
dictEntry *he;
/* Expand the hash table if needed */
// 做扩容操作
if (_dictExpandIfNeeded(d) == DICT_ERR)
return -1;
/* Compute the key hash value */
h = dictHashKey(d, key);
for (table = 0; table <= 1; table++) {
idx = h & d->ht[table].sizemask;
/* Search if this slot does not already contain the given key */
he = d->ht[table].table[idx];
while(he) {
if (dictCompareKeys(d, key, he->key))
return -1;
he = he->next;
}
if (!dictIsRehashing(d)) break;
}
return idx;
}
// 扩容过程
// dict.c,
/* Expand the hash table if needed */
static int _dictExpandIfNeeded(dict *d)
{
/* Incremental rehashing already in progress. Return. */
if (dictIsRehashing(d)) return DICT_OK;
/* If the hash table is empty expand it to the initial size. */
// 默认 DICT_HT_INITIAL_SIZE=4
if (d->ht[0].size == 0) return dictExpand(d, DICT_HT_INITIAL_SIZE);
/* If we reached the 1:1 ratio, and we are allowed to resize the hash
* table (global setting) or we should avoid it but the ratio between
* elements/buckets is over the "safe" threshold, we resize doubling
* the number of buckets. */
// 扩容，直接 *2 后得到
if (d->ht[0].used >= d->ht[0].size &&
(dict_can_resize ||
d->ht[0].used/d->ht[0].size > dict_force_resize_ratio))
{
return dictExpand(d, d->ht[0].used*2);
}
return DICT_OK;
}
// dict.c, 扩容，其实就是创建一个空的 dictht hash表，备用做一步步rehash
/* Expand or create the hash table */
int dictExpand(dict *d, unsigned long size)
{
dictht n; /* the new hash table */
// 大于 size的首个 2n次方作为 realsize
unsigned long realsize = _dictNextPower(size);
/* the size is invalid if it is smaller than the number of
* elements already inside the hash table */
if (dictIsRehashing(d) || d->ht[0].used > size)
return DICT_ERR;
/* Rehashing to the same table size is not useful. */
if (realsize == d->ht[0].size) return DICT_ERR;
/* Allocate the new hash table and initialize all pointers to NULL */
n.size = realsize;
n.sizemask = realsize-1;
n.table = zcalloc(realsize*sizeof(dictEntry*));
n.used = 0;
/* Is this the first initialization? If so it's not really a rehashing
* we just set the first hash table so that it can accept keys. */
if (d->ht[0].table == NULL) {
d->ht[0] = n;
return DICT_OK;
}
/* Prepare a second hash table for incremental rehashing */
// 将新开辟的 hash 表赋给 ht[1], 并将 rehashidx=0, 表示需要进行rehash
// 然后，后续任务就依次进入rehash阶段了
d->ht[1] = n;
d->rehashidx = 0;
return DICT_OK;
}
// dict.h, setVal, setKey, do while 0 防止宏编译报错
#define dictSetKey(d, entry, _key_) do { \
if ((d)->type->keyDup) \
entry->key = (d)->type->keyDup((d)->privdata, _key_); \
else \
entry->key = (_key_); \
} while(0)
#define dictSetVal(d, entry, _val_) do { \
if ((d)->type->valDup) \
entry->v.val = (d)->type->valDup((d)->privdata, _val_); \
else \
entry->v.val = (_val_); \
} while(0)
以上，自然就是一个 hash 表插入数据过程，然后 server.commands 就有数据了，请求进来自然就可以处理了。
三、命令集的定义
在server.c的头部，就有一个数组，专门用于定义各个命令的处理方法，并最终被初始化到 server.commands 中。
/* Our command table.
*
* Every entry is composed of the following fields:
*
* name: a string representing the command name.
* function: pointer to the C function implementing the command.
* arity: number of arguments, it is possible to use -N to say >= N
* sflags: command flags as string. See below for a table of flags.
* flags: flags as bitmask. Computed by Redis using the 'sflags' field.
* get_keys_proc: an optional function to get key arguments from a command.
* This is only used when the following three fields are not
* enough to specify what arguments are keys.
* first_key_index: first argument that is a key
* last_key_index: last argument that is a key
* key_step: step to get all the keys from first to last argument. For instance
* in MSET the step is two since arguments are key,val,key,val,...
* microseconds: microseconds of total execution time for this command.
* calls: total number of calls of this command.
*
* The flags, microseconds and calls fields are computed by Redis and should
* always be set to zero.
*
* Command flags are expressed using strings where every character represents
* a flag. Later the populateCommandTable() function will take care of
* populating the real 'flags' field using this characters.
*
* This is the meaning of the flags:
*
* w: write command (may modify the key space).
* r: read command (will never modify the key space).
* m: may increase memory usage once called. Don't allow if out of memory.
* a: admin command, like SAVE or SHUTDOWN.
* p: Pub/Sub related command.
* f: force replication of this command, regardless of server.dirty.
* s: command not allowed in scripts.
* R: random command. Command is not deterministic, that is, the same command
* with the same arguments, with the same key space, may have different
* results. For instance SPOP and RANDOMKEY are two random commands.
* S: Sort command output array if called from script, so that the output
* is deterministic.
* l: Allow command while loading the database.
* t: Allow command while a slave has stale data but is not allowed to
* server this data. Normally no command is accepted in this condition
* but just a few.
* M: Do not automatically propagate the command on MONITOR.
* k: Perform an implicit ASKING for this command, so the command will be
* accepted in cluster mode if the slot is marked as 'importing'.
* F: Fast command: O(1) or O(log(N)) command that should never delay
* its execution as long as the kernel scheduler is giving us time.
* Note that commands that may trigger a DEL as a side effect (like SET)
* are not fast commands.
*/
struct redisCommand redisCommandTable[] = {
{"get",getCommand,2,"rF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"set",setCommand,-3,"wm",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"setnx",setnxCommand,3,"wmF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"setex",setexCommand,4,"wm",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"psetex",psetexCommand,4,"wm",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"append",appendCommand,3,"wm",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"strlen",strlenCommand,2,"rF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"del",delCommand,-2,"w",0,NULL,1,-1,1,0,0},
{"unlink",unlinkCommand,-2,"wF",0,NULL,1,-1,1,0,0},
{"exists",existsCommand,-2,"rF",0,NULL,1,-1,1,0,0},
{"setbit",setbitCommand,4,"wm",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"getbit",getbitCommand,3,"rF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"setrange",setrangeCommand,4,"wm",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"getrange",getrangeCommand,4,"r",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"substr",getrangeCommand,4,"r",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"incr",incrCommand,2,"wmF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"decr",decrCommand,2,"wmF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"mget",mgetCommand,-2,"r",0,NULL,1,-1,1,0,0},
{"rpush",rpushCommand,-3,"wmF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"lpush",lpushCommand,-3,"wmF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"rpushx",rpushxCommand,3,"wmF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"lpushx",lpushxCommand,3,"wmF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"linsert",linsertCommand,5,"wm",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"rpop",rpopCommand,2,"wF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"lpop",lpopCommand,2,"wF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"brpop",brpopCommand,-3,"ws",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"brpoplpush",brpoplpushCommand,4,"wms",0,NULL,1,2,1,0,0},
{"blpop",blpopCommand,-3,"ws",0,NULL,1,-2,1,0,0},
{"llen",llenCommand,2,"rF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"lindex",lindexCommand,3,"r",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"lset",lsetCommand,4,"wm",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"lrange",lrangeCommand,4,"r",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"ltrim",ltrimCommand,4,"w",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"lrem",lremCommand,4,"w",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"rpoplpush",rpoplpushCommand,3,"wm",0,NULL,1,2,1,0,0},
{"sadd",saddCommand,-3,"wmF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"srem",sremCommand,-3,"wF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"smove",smoveCommand,4,"wF",0,NULL,1,2,1,0,0},
{"sismember",sismemberCommand,3,"rF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"scard",scardCommand,2,"rF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"spop",spopCommand,-2,"wRsF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"srandmember",srandmemberCommand,-2,"rR",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"sinter",sinterCommand,-2,"rS",0,NULL,1,-1,1,0,0},
{"sinterstore",sinterstoreCommand,-3,"wm",0,NULL,1,-1,1,0,0},
{"sunion",sunionCommand,-2,"rS",0,NULL,1,-1,1,0,0},
{"sunionstore",sunionstoreCommand,-3,"wm",0,NULL,1,-1,1,0,0},
{"sdiff",sdiffCommand,-2,"rS",0,NULL,1,-1,1,0,0},
{"sdiffstore",sdiffstoreCommand,-3,"wm",0,NULL,1,-1,1,0,0},
{"smembers",sinterCommand,2,"rS",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"sscan",sscanCommand,-3,"rR",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"zadd",zaddCommand,-4,"wmF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"zincrby",zincrbyCommand,4,"wmF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"zrem",zremCommand,-3,"wF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"zremrangebyscore",zremrangebyscoreCommand,4,"w",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"zremrangebyrank",zremrangebyrankCommand,4,"w",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"zremrangebylex",zremrangebylexCommand,4,"w",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"zunionstore",zunionstoreCommand,-4,"wm",0,zunionInterGetKeys,0,0,0,0,0},
{"zinterstore",zinterstoreCommand,-4,"wm",0,zunionInterGetKeys,0,0,0,0,0},
{"zrange",zrangeCommand,-4,"r",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"zrangebyscore",zrangebyscoreCommand,-4,"r",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"zrevrangebyscore",zrevrangebyscoreCommand,-4,"r",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"zrangebylex",zrangebylexCommand,-4,"r",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"zrevrangebylex",zrevrangebylexCommand,-4,"r",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"zcount",zcountCommand,4,"rF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"zlexcount",zlexcountCommand,4,"rF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"zrevrange",zrevrangeCommand,-4,"r",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"zcard",zcardCommand,2,"rF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"zscore",zscoreCommand,3,"rF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"zrank",zrankCommand,3,"rF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"zrevrank",zrevrankCommand,3,"rF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"zscan",zscanCommand,-3,"rR",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"hset",hsetCommand,4,"wmF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"hsetnx",hsetnxCommand,4,"wmF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"hget",hgetCommand,3,"rF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"hmset",hmsetCommand,-4,"wm",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"hmget",hmgetCommand,-3,"r",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"hincrby",hincrbyCommand,4,"wmF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"hincrbyfloat",hincrbyfloatCommand,4,"wmF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"hdel",hdelCommand,-3,"wF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"hlen",hlenCommand,2,"rF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"hstrlen",hstrlenCommand,3,"rF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"hkeys",hkeysCommand,2,"rS",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"hvals",hvalsCommand,2,"rS",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"hgetall",hgetallCommand,2,"r",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"hexists",hexistsCommand,3,"rF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"hscan",hscanCommand,-3,"rR",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"incrby",incrbyCommand,3,"wmF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"decrby",decrbyCommand,3,"wmF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"incrbyfloat",incrbyfloatCommand,3,"wmF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"getset",getsetCommand,3,"wm",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"mset",msetCommand,-3,"wm",0,NULL,1,-1,2,0,0},
{"msetnx",msetnxCommand,-3,"wm",0,NULL,1,-1,2,0,0},
{"randomkey",randomkeyCommand,1,"rR",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"select",selectCommand,2,"rlF",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"move",moveCommand,3,"wF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"rename",renameCommand,3,"w",0,NULL,1,2,1,0,0},
{"renamenx",renamenxCommand,3,"wF",0,NULL,1,2,1,0,0},
{"expire",expireCommand,3,"wF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"expireat",expireatCommand,3,"wF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"pexpire",pexpireCommand,3,"wF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"pexpireat",pexpireatCommand,3,"wF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"keys",keysCommand,2,"rS",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"scan",scanCommand,-2,"rR",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"dbsize",dbsizeCommand,1,"rF",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"auth",authCommand,2,"rsltF",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"ping",pingCommand,-1,"rtF",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"echo",echoCommand,2,"rF",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"save",saveCommand,1,"ars",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"bgsave",bgsaveCommand,1,"ar",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"bgrewriteaof",bgrewriteaofCommand,1,"ar",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"shutdown",shutdownCommand,-1,"arlt",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"lastsave",lastsaveCommand,1,"rRF",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"type",typeCommand,2,"rF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"multi",multiCommand,1,"rsF",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"exec",execCommand,1,"sM",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"discard",discardCommand,1,"rsF",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"sync",syncCommand,1,"ars",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"psync",syncCommand,3,"ars",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"replconf",replconfCommand,-1,"arslt",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"flushdb",flushdbCommand,-1,"w",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"flushall",flushallCommand,-1,"w",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"sort",sortCommand,-2,"wm",0,sortGetKeys,1,1,1,0,0},
{"info",infoCommand,-1,"rlt",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"monitor",monitorCommand,1,"ars",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"ttl",ttlCommand,2,"rF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"pttl",pttlCommand,2,"rF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"persist",persistCommand,2,"wF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"slaveof",slaveofCommand,3,"ast",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"role",roleCommand,1,"lst",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"debug",debugCommand,-2,"as",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"config",configCommand,-2,"art",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"subscribe",subscribeCommand,-2,"rpslt",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"unsubscribe",unsubscribeCommand,-1,"rpslt",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"psubscribe",psubscribeCommand,-2,"rpslt",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"punsubscribe",punsubscribeCommand,-1,"rpslt",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"publish",publishCommand,3,"pltrF",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"pubsub",pubsubCommand,-2,"pltrR",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"watch",watchCommand,-2,"rsF",0,NULL,1,-1,1,0,0},
{"unwatch",unwatchCommand,1,"rsF",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"cluster",clusterCommand,-2,"ar",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"restore",restoreCommand,-4,"wm",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"restore-asking",restoreCommand,-4,"wmk",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"migrate",migrateCommand,-6,"w",0,migrateGetKeys,0,0,0,0,0},
{"asking",askingCommand,1,"r",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"readonly",readonlyCommand,1,"rF",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"readwrite",readwriteCommand,1,"rF",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"dump",dumpCommand,2,"r",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"object",objectCommand,3,"r",0,NULL,2,2,2,0,0},
{"client",clientCommand,-2,"rs",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"eval",evalCommand,-3,"s",0,evalGetKeys,0,0,0,0,0},
{"evalsha",evalShaCommand,-3,"s",0,evalGetKeys,0,0,0,0,0},
{"slowlog",slowlogCommand,-2,"r",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"script",scriptCommand,-2,"rs",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"time",timeCommand,1,"rRF",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"bitop",bitopCommand,-4,"wm",0,NULL,2,-1,1,0,0},
{"bitcount",bitcountCommand,-2,"r",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"bitpos",bitposCommand,-3,"r",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"wait",waitCommand,3,"rs",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"command",commandCommand,0,"rlt",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"geoadd",geoaddCommand,-5,"wm",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"georadius",georadiusCommand,-6,"r",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"georadiusbymember",georadiusByMemberCommand,-5,"r",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"geohash",geohashCommand,-2,"r",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"geopos",geoposCommand,-2,"r",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"geodist",geodistCommand,-4,"r",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"pfselftest",pfselftestCommand,1,"r",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"pfadd",pfaddCommand,-2,"wmF",0,NULL,1,1,1,0,0},
{"pfcount",pfcountCommand,-2,"r",0,NULL,1,-1,1,0,0},
{"pfmerge",pfmergeCommand,-2,"wm",0,NULL,1,-1,1,0,0},
{"pfdebug",pfdebugCommand,-3,"w",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0},
{"latency",latencyCommand,-2,"arslt",0,NULL,0,0,0,0,0}
};
可以说，核心功能都是在这里定义的哟（小手册），如果想自己添加功能，也是从这里开始，然后去实现它。其中，lua的调用则直接使用 eval进行即可。
三、执行命令的模板方法
调用真正命令之前，之后，会各种判断，才可以进行命令的调用。这也是数据库的与简单函数调用的差别之一。
// server.c, call 框架
/* Call() is the core of Redis execution of a command.
*
* The following flags can be passed:
* CMD_CALL_NONE No flags.
* CMD_CALL_SLOWLOG Check command speed and log in the slow log if needed.
* CMD_CALL_STATS Populate command stats.
* CMD_CALL_PROPAGATE_AOF Append command to AOF if it modified the dataset
* or if the client flags are forcing propagation.
* CMD_CALL_PROPAGATE_REPL Send command to salves if it modified the dataset
* or if the client flags are forcing propagation.
* CMD_CALL_PROPAGATE Alias for PROPAGATE_AOF|PROPAGATE_REPL.
* CMD_CALL_FULL Alias for SLOWLOG|STATS|PROPAGATE.
*
* The exact propagation behavior depends on the client flags.
* Specifically:
*
* 1. If the client flags CLIENT_FORCE_AOF or CLIENT_FORCE_REPL are set
* and assuming the corresponding CMD_CALL_PROPAGATE_AOF/REPL is set
* in the call flags, then the command is propagated even if the
* dataset was not affected by the command.
* 2. If the client flags CLIENT_PREVENT_REPL_PROP or CLIENT_PREVENT_AOF_PROP
* are set, the propagation into AOF or to slaves is not performed even
* if the command modified the dataset.
*
* Note that regardless of the client flags, if CMD_CALL_PROPAGATE_AOF
* or CMD_CALL_PROPAGATE_REPL are not set, then respectively AOF or
* slaves propagation will never occur.
*
* Client flags are modified by the implementation of a given command
* using the following API:
*
* forceCommandPropagation(client *c, int flags);
* preventCommandPropagation(client *c);
* preventCommandAOF(client *c);
* preventCommandReplication(client *c);
*
*/
void call(client *c, int flags) {
long long dirty, start, duration;
int client_old_flags = c->flags;
/* Sent the command to clients in MONITOR mode, only if the commands are
* not generated from reading an AOF. */
// monitors 模式下，先把命令传播给需要的客户端
if (listLength(server.monitors) &&
!server.loading &&
!(c->cmd->flags & (CMD_SKIP_MONITOR|CMD_ADMIN)))
{
replicationFeedMonitors(c,server.monitors,c->db->id,c->argv,c->argc);
}
/* Initialization: clear the flags that must be set by the command on
* demand, and initialize the array for additional commands propagation. */
c->flags &= ~(CLIENT_FORCE_AOF|CLIENT_FORCE_REPL|CLIENT_PREVENT_PROP);
// 重置 server.also_propagate
redisOpArrayInit(&server.also_propagate);
/* Call the command. */
// 调用具体命令操作，该命令会自已负责客户端的响应，外部仅记录时间
dirty = server.dirty;
start = ustime();
c->cmd->proc(c);
duration = ustime()-start;
dirty = server.dirty-dirty;
if (dirty < 0) dirty = 0;
/* When EVAL is called loading the AOF we don't want commands called
* from Lua to go into the slowlog or to populate statistics. */
if (server.loading && c->flags & CLIENT_LUA)
flags &= ~(CMD_CALL_SLOWLOG | CMD_CALL_STATS);
/* If the caller is Lua, we want to force the EVAL caller to propagate
* the script if the command flag or client flag are forcing the
* propagation. */
if (c->flags & CLIENT_LUA && server.lua_caller) {
if (c->flags & CLIENT_FORCE_REPL)
server.lua_caller->flags |= CLIENT_FORCE_REPL;
if (c->flags & CLIENT_FORCE_AOF)
server.lua_caller->flags |= CLIENT_FORCE_AOF;
}
/* Log the command into the Slow log if needed, and populate the
* per-command statistics that we show in INFO commandstats. */
// 慢查询日志记录
if (flags & CMD_CALL_SLOWLOG && c->cmd->proc != execCommand) {
char *latency_event = (c->cmd->flags & CMD_FAST) ?
"fast-command" : "command";
latencyAddSampleIfNeeded(latency_event,duration/1000);
slowlogPushEntryIfNeeded(c->argv,c->argc,duration);
}
if (flags & CMD_CALL_STATS) {
c->cmd->microseconds += duration;
c->cmd->calls++;
}
/* Propagate the command into the AOF and replication link */
if (flags & CMD_CALL_PROPAGATE &&
(c->flags & CLIENT_PREVENT_PROP) != CLIENT_PREVENT_PROP)
{
int propagate_flags = PROPAGATE_NONE;
/* Check if the command operated changes in the data set. If so
* set for replication / AOF propagation. */
if (dirty) propagate_flags |= (PROPAGATE_AOF|PROPAGATE_REPL);
/* If the client forced AOF / replication of the command, set
* the flags regardless of the command effects on the data set. */
if (c->flags & CLIENT_FORCE_REPL) propagate_flags |= PROPAGATE_REPL;
if (c->flags & CLIENT_FORCE_AOF) propagate_flags |= PROPAGATE_AOF;
/* However prevent AOF / replication propagation if the command
* implementatino called preventCommandPropagation() or similar,
* or if we don't have the call() flags to do so. */
if (c->flags & CLIENT_PREVENT_REPL_PROP ||
!(flags & CMD_CALL_PROPAGATE_REPL))
propagate_flags &= ~PROPAGATE_REPL;
if (c->flags & CLIENT_PREVENT_AOF_PROP ||
!(flags & CMD_CALL_PROPAGATE_AOF))
propagate_flags &= ~PROPAGATE_AOF;
/* Call propagate() only if at least one of AOF / replication
* propagation is needed. */
// 只要不是 PROPAGATE_NONE, 都会进行命令传播
if (propagate_flags != PROPAGATE_NONE)
propagate(c->cmd,c->db->id,c->argv,c->argc,propagate_flags);
}
/* Restore the old replication flags, since call() can be executed
* recursively. */
c->flags &= ~(CLIENT_FORCE_AOF|CLIENT_FORCE_REPL|CLIENT_PREVENT_PROP);
c->flags |= client_old_flags &
(CLIENT_FORCE_AOF|CLIENT_FORCE_REPL|CLIENT_PREVENT_PROP);
/* Handle the alsoPropagate() API to handle commands that want to propagate
* multiple separated commands. Note that alsoPropagate() is not affected
* by CLIENT_PREVENT_PROP flag. */
if (server.also_propagate.numops) {
int j;
redisOp *rop;
// 命令传播到 server.also_propagate 中
if (flags & CMD_CALL_PROPAGATE) {
for (j = 0; j < server.also_propagate.numops; j++) {
rop = &server.also_propagate.ops[j];
int target = rop->target;
/* Whatever the command wish is, we honor the call() flags. */
if (!(flags&CMD_CALL_PROPAGATE_AOF)) target &= ~PROPAGATE_AOF;
if (!(flags&CMD_CALL_PROPAGATE_REPL)) target &= ~PROPAGATE_REPL;
if (target)
propagate(rop->cmd,rop->dbid,rop->argv,rop->argc,target);
}
}
redisOpArrayFree(&server.also_propagate);
}
server.stat_numcommands++;
}
四、响应客户端
响应客户端可以使用addReply(), 当然还有其他简化版本, 道理一致。
// networking.c, 向 client c 中响应数据 obj
/* -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Higher level functions to queue data on the client output buffer.
* The following functions are the ones that commands implementations will call.
* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
void addReply(client *c, robj *obj) {
// 客户端连接不可写时，直接返回本次写操作
if (prepareClientToWrite(c) != C_OK) return;
/* This is an important place where we can avoid copy-on-write
* when there is a saving child running, avoiding touching the
* refcount field of the object if it's not needed.
*
* If the encoding is RAW and there is room in the static buffer
* we'll be able to send the object to the client without
* messing with its page. */
// 检测编码是否是 OBJ_ENCODING_RAW/OBJ_ENCODING_EMBSTR
if (sdsEncodedObject(obj)) {
// 将数据添加到 c->buf 中
// 添加失败则将 obj 直接添加到 c->reply 队列中
if (_addReplyToBuffer(c,obj->ptr,sdslen(obj->ptr)) != C_OK)
_addReplyObjectToList(c,obj);
} else if (obj->encoding == OBJ_ENCODING_INT) {
/* Optimization: if there is room in the static buffer for 32 bytes
* (more than the max chars a 64 bit integer can take as string) we
* avoid decoding the object and go for the lower level approach. */
if (listLength(c->reply) == 0 && (sizeof(c->buf) - c->bufpos) >= 32) {
char buf[32];
int len;
len = ll2string(buf,sizeof(buf),(long)obj->ptr);
if (_addReplyToBuffer(c,buf,len) == C_OK)
return;
/* else... continue with the normal code path, but should never
* happen actually since we verified there is room. */
}
obj = getDecodedObject(obj);
if (_addReplyToBuffer(c,obj->ptr,sdslen(obj->ptr)) != C_OK)
_addReplyObjectToList(c,obj);
decrRefCount(obj);
} else {
serverPanic("Wrong obj->encoding in addReply()");
}
}
// networking.c,
int _addReplyToBuffer(client *c, const char *s, size_t len) {
size_t available = sizeof(c->buf)-c->bufpos;
if (c->flags & CLIENT_CLOSE_AFTER_REPLY) return C_OK;
/* If there already are entries in the reply list, we cannot
* add anything more to the static buffer. */
if (listLength(c->reply) > 0) return C_ERR;
/* Check that the buffer has enough space available for this string. */
if (len > available) return C_ERR;
memcpy(c->buf+c->bufpos,s,len);
c->bufpos+=len;
return C_OK;
}
将数据写入到 c->buf 后，又是谁向客户端写出了结果呢？
要么是有一个后台线程一直写，要么是在下一次循环的时候再主动写，你觉得呢？( 请参考: server.clients_pending_write )