查看当前系统是否支持inotify
[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /proc/sys/fs/inotify
总用量 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 6月 11 09:44 max_queued_events
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 6月 11 09:44 max_user_instances
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 6月 11 09:44 max_user_watches
如果出现上面的输出，则说明系统支持
inofity-tools下载地址：http://github.com/downloads/rvoicilas/inotify-tools/inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz
上传到自己的虚拟机相关目录
[root@localhost hbk]# ll -h |grep inotify
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 351K 6月 11 09:58 inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz
[root@localhost hbk]# pwd
/root/hbk
解压
[root@localhost hbk]# tar -zxvf inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz
进行编译安装
[root@localhost hbk]# cd inotify-tools-3.14
[root@localhost inotify-tools-3.14]# ./configure
[root@localhost inotify-tools-3.14]# make && make install
默认安装在/usr/local/bin目录，一共两个程序
inotifywait和inotifywatch
这样就算安装成功了。
inotiry的简单使用介绍，这个工具一般用来监控文件目录的变动，新建修改删除，属性变动等，inotify能够接受到相关信息，并进行日志输出，可以配合rsync做到服务器文件实时同步。
[root@localhost bin]# /usr/local/bin/inotifywait --help
inotifywait 3.14
Wait for a particular event on a file or set of files.
Usage: inotifywait [ options ] file1 [ file2 ] [ file3 ] [ ... ]
Options:
-h|--help Show this help text.
@<file> Exclude the specified file from being watched.
--exclude <pattern>
Exclude all events on files matching the
extended regular expression <pattern>.
--excludei <pattern>
Like --exclude but case insensitive.
-m|--monitor Keep listening for events forever. Without
this option, inotifywait will exit after one
event is received.
-d|--daemon Same as --monitor, except run in the background
logging events to a file specified by --outfile.
Implies --syslog.
-r|--recursive Watch directories recursively.
--fromfile <file>
Read files to watch from <file> or `-' for stdin.
-o|--outfile <file>
Print events to <file> rather than stdout.
-s|--syslog Send errors to syslog rather than stderr.
-q|--quiet Print less (only print events).
-qq Print nothing (not even events).
--format <fmt> Print using a specified printf-like format
string; read the man page for more details.
--timefmt <fmt> strftime-compatible format string for use with
%T in --format string.
-c|--csv Print events in CSV format.
-t|--timeout <seconds>
When listening for a single event, time out after
waiting for an event for <seconds> seconds.
If <seconds> is 0, inotifywait will never time out.
-e|--event <event1> [ -e|--event <event2> ... ]
Listen for specific event(s). If omitted, all events are
listened for.
Exit status:
0 - An event you asked to watch for was received.
1 - An event you did not ask to watch for was received
(usually delete_self or unmount), or some error occurred.
2 - The --timeout option was given and no events occurred
in the specified interval of time.
Events:
access file or directory contents were read
modify file or directory contents were written
attrib file or directory attributes changed
close_write file or directory closed, after being opened in
writeable mode
close_nowrite file or directory closed, after being opened in
read-only mode
close file or directory closed, regardless of read/write mode
open file or directory opened
moved_to file or directory moved to watched directory
moved_from file or directory moved from watched directory
move file or directory moved to or from watched directory
create file or directory created within watched directory
delete file or directory deleted within watched directory
delete_self file or directory was deleted
unmount file system containing file or directory unmounted
英语水平好点的，相信看上面的帮助文档毫无压力，接下来讲点常用的知识点。
监控事件
为了实验，我们监控/root/hbk/test目录，test为新建的空目录，我们监控这个目录的新建文件，重命名文件，删除文件，修改文件等操作
如下我们监控新建和删除事件
[root@localhost test]# /usr/local/bin/inotifywait -mrq --format '%Xe %w%f' -e create,delete /root/hbk/test
执行上面命令，处于阻塞状态，在后台运行，需要另开一个Shell窗口对/root/hbk/test新建目录，文件删除等操作
[root@localhost test]# mkdir images
[root@localhost test]# touch index.html
[root@localhost test]# rm -rf index.html
可以看到日志输出如下：
CREATEXISDIR /root/hbk/test/images
CREATE /root/hbk/test/index.html
DELETE /root/hbk/test/index.html
我们可以编写一个循环，从日志输出中使用awk取到文件完整路径，然后配合rsync命令做同步，实现文件的实时同步。