MySQL中函数、游标、事件、视图基本应用举例(代码)
MySQL中
function用户自定义函数
c,fun,fun是面向过程的实现方式
只能传入参数,或不传入参数,不能传出参数,必有返回值
函数中是不能有create table drop table之类的语句
与sp一样,db中object
begin end 相当于{}
(1)输入任意姓名,输出 hello+姓名+!
drop function if exists fun1;
delimiter //
create function fun1(a varchar(32))
returns varchar(32)
begin
declare x varchar(32);
set x=concat('hello',a,'!');
return x;
end //
delimiter ;
select fun1('张三');
-- (1)等同于(2)
(2)输入任意姓名,输出 hello+姓名+!
drop function if exists fun1;
create function fun1(a varchar(32))
returns varchar(32)
return concat('hello',a,'!'); -- 因为只有一条语句,所以省略了 begin end
select fun1('张三');
(3)求和
drop function if exists fun1;
delimiter //
create function fun1(a int,b int)
returns int
begin
declare c int;
-- set c=a+b;
select a+b into c;
return c;
-- return a+b;
end //
delimiter ;
select fun1(10,30);
(4)select fun1('zhangfei');->stu(stuName) 实现输入姓名,插入到stu表的stuName字段,并返回stu表的记录条数
drop function if exists fun1;
delimiter //
create function fun1(a varchar(32))
returns int
begin
declare x int;
insert into stu(stuName) select a;
select count(1) into x from stu;
return x;
end //
delimiter ;
select fun1('zhangfei');
(5)取输入字符串的前b个字符,并在其后加...输出,若输入字符串为空,则提示‘输入错误’,若输入字符串长度小于b,则直接输出字符串,若大于b,则截取前b个字符,并在其后加...输出
drop function if exists fun1;
delimiter //
create function fun1(a varchar(32),b int)
returns varchar(32)
begin
if isnull(a) || char_length(a)=0 then
return '输入错误';
elseif char_length(a)<=b then
return a;
else
return concat(left(a,b),'...');
end if;
end //
delimiter ;
select fun1('abcdef',3);
(6)输出a个*
drop function if exists fun1;
delimiter //
create function fun1(a int)
returns varchar(32)
begin
declare b int default 1; -- 1...5
declare s varchar(32) default '';
while b<=a
do
set s=concat(s,'*');
set b=b+1;
end while;
return s;
end //
delimiter ;
select fun1(5);
-- cursor游标(光标)
很少用,基本不用
对以后用php从一个表内将数据一条条取出来放网页上去显示
-- 什么是cursor
4个步骤
-- cursor,数据缓冲区
1.声明coursor
declare cur cursor for select stuID,stuName from stu oder by stuID;
2.打开coursor
open cur;
cursor有一个指针,默认就指在第一条
3.fetch
declare a int;
declare b varchar(32);
declare c varchar(32);
fetch cur into a,b,c;
select a,b,c;
fectch完数据,指针自动下移一行
while
close cur;
cursor 放在sp中用
drop procedure if exists sp1;
delimiter //
create procedure sp1()
begin
declare a int;
declare b varchar(32);
declare cur cursor for select stuID,stuName from aa order by stuID;
open cur;
-- fetch cur into a,b;
-- fetch cur into a,b; (有三条数据)
-- fetch cur into a,b;
-- select a,b;
-- close cur;
set @a=1;
select count(1) into @b from stu;
while @a<=@b
do
fetch cur into a,b;
select a,b;
set @a=@a+1;
end while;
close cur;
end //
delimiter ;
call sp1();
-- event事件
用的也较少 类似linux中的crontab (每天下午执行某事件) 一般用于定期执行某任务
drop event if exists ev1;
create event ev1
on schedule every 1 minute -- 每隔1分钟执行一次该事件
do
insert into aa select 5,'孙坚';
alter event ev1 disable; 使其停止执行
on schedule at now() 立即执行,就执行一次,事件不会保存下来
drop event if exists ev1;
delimiter //
create event ev1
on schedule at now() + interval 3 second -- 3秒后执行一次该事件,执行完后该事件消失
do
begin
insert into aa select 5,'孙坚';
insert inwo aa select 6,'e';
end//
delimiter ;
alter event ev1 disable;
alter event ev1 enable;
-- view 视图
-- 是一张虚拟表,
select * from v1;
-- data
view->table
-- 方便
-- 安全
stu(stuID,stuName,stuAge,stuAddr)
stuID,stuName->v1 -- 看需求
stu(stuID,stuName)
courses(coursesID,coursesName)
sc(stuID,coursesID,score)
create view v1
as
select stuName,coursesName,score
from stu,courses,sc
where sc.stuID=stu.stuID && sc.coursesID=courses.coursesID
select * from v1;
-- 比较复杂的查询做成view
-- 视图只用于看,显示,select
-- 当要进行数据修改插入什么的时候,直接修改基表
create table stu
(
stuID int,
stuName varchar(32),
stuAge int,
stuAddr varchar(32),
primary key(stuID)
)engine=innodb charset=utf8;
-- stuName,stuAge
drop view if exists v1;
create view v1
as
select stuName,stuAge from stu;
-- book(),author(),press
create table author
(
authorID int,
authorName varchar(32)
)engine=innodb charset=utf8;
create table press
(
pressID int,
pressName varchar(32)
)engine=innodb charset=utf8;
create table book
(
bookID int,
bookName varchar(32),
authorID int,
pressID int
) engine=innodb charset=utf8;
drop view if exists v1;
create view v1
as
select bookName,authorName,pressName
from book,author,press
where book.authorID=author.authorID && book.pressID=press.pressID;
select * from v1;
-- 根据需求,view只用来查数据
-- 要insert,update,delete就直接操作基表,而不是操作view